Monthly Archives: October 2022

ELK CITY, Idaho--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Therapeutic Solutions International (TSOI) announced today new data suggesting that therapeutic effects of its universal donor stem cell product are mediated in part through CD103 expressing dendritic cells.

In a series of experiments, it was found that protection against both Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) could be transferred to nave mice by dendritic cells expressing the molecule CD103. Furthermore, exosomes, which are nanoparticles produced by cells, were capable of transferring protection to nave mice.

I am pleased to have worked with a team of opinion leaders that are at the cutting edge to have discovered this quite unexpected finding, said Dr. James Veltmeyer, Chief Medical Officer of the Company. While the field of exosome therapeutics is growing exponentially, the use of dendritic cell exosomes for respiratory conditions is completely unheard of.

Therapeutic Solutions International is currently running a Phase III clinical trial using JadiCells in the treatment of COVID-19 associated ARDS. Additionally, the Company has an Investigational New Drug Application IND# 28508 for treatment of COPD, for which the Company is still in discussions with the FDA.

Dr. Veltmeyer has performed unparalleled work in advancing both clinical translation of the JadiCell, as well as leveraging scientific lessons learned from our cancer program to identify a new mechanism by which our cells exert this previously unknown therapeutic efficacy, said Timothy Dixon, President, and CEO of the Company. Having filed our patent today on this new finding, we anticipate potential development of adjuvant products around dendritic cell generated exosomes.

About Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc.

Therapeutic Solutions International is focused on immune modulation for the treatment of several specific diseases. The Company's corporate website is http://www.therapeuticsolutionsint.com.

Read the original here:
Therapeutic Solutions International Identifies CD103 Expressing Dendritic Cells and Exosomes Thereof as Novel Mechanism for JadiCell Mesenchymal Stem...

Biopharma focuses on streamlining biomanufacturing and supply chain issues to drive uptake of cell and gene therapies.

Cell and gene therapies (CGTs) offer significant advances in patient care by helping to treat or potentially cure a range of conditions that have been untouched by small molecule and biologic agents. Over the past two decades, more than 20 CGTs have been approved by FDA in the United States and many of these one-time treatments cost between US$375,00 and US$2 million a shot (1). Given the high financial outlay and patient expectations of these life-saving therapies, it is essential that manufacturers provide integrated services across the whole of the supply chain to ensure efficient biomanufacturing processes and seamless logistics to reduce barriers to uptake.

The following looks at the who, what, when, and why of biomanufacturing and logistics in CGTs in the bio/pharmaceutical industry in more detail.

According to market research, the global gene therapy market will reach US$9.0 billion by 2027 due to favorable reimbursement policies and guidelines, product approvals and fast-track designations, growing demand for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based gene therapies, and improvements in RNA, DNA, and oncolytic viral vectors (1).

In 2020, CGT manufacturers attracted approximately US$2.3 billion in investment funding (1). Key players in the CGT market include Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Dendreon, Gilead Sciences, Novartis, Organogenesis, Roche (Spark Therapeutics), Smith Nephew, and Vericel. In recent years, growth in the CGT market has fueled some high-profile mergers and acquisitions including bluebird bio/BioMarin, Celgene/Juno Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences/Kite, Novartis/AveXis and the CDMO CELLforCURE, Roche/Spark Therapeutics, and Smith & Nephew/Osiris Therapeutics.

Many bio/pharma companies are re-considering their commercialization strategies and have re-invested in R&D to standardize vector productions and purification, implement forward engineering techniques in cell therapies, and improve cryopreservation of cellular samples as well as exploring the development of off-the-shelf allogeneic cell solutions (2).

The successful development of CGTs has highlighted major bottlenecks in the manufacturing facilities, and at times, a shortage of raw materials (3). Pharma companies are now taking a close look at their internal capabilities and either investing in their own manufacturing facilities or outsourcing to contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs) or contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs) to expand their manufacturing abilities (4). Recently, several CDMOsSamsung Biologics, Fujifilm Diosynth, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Lonzahave all expanded their biomanufacturing facilities to meet demand (5).

A major challenge for CGT manufacturers is the seamless delivery of advanced therapies. There is no room for error. If manufacturers cannot deliver the CGT therapy to the patient with ease, the efficacy of the product becomes obsolete. Many of these therapies are not off-the-shelf solutions and therefore require timely delivery and must be maintained at precise temperatures to remain viable. Thus, manufacturers must not only conform to regulations, but they must also put in place logistical processes and contingency plans to optimize tracking, packaging, cold storage, and transportation through the products journey. Time is of the essence, and several manufacturers have failed to meet patient demands, which have significant impacts on the applicability of these agents.

Several CAR T-cell therapies have now been approved; however, research indicates that a fifth of cancer patients who are eligible for CAR-T therapies pass away while waiting for a manufacturing slot (6). Initially, the manufacture of many of these autologous products took around a month, but certain agents can now be produced in fewer than two weeks (7). Companies are exploring new ways to reduce vein-to-vein time (collection and reinfusion) through the development of more advanced gene-transfer tools with CARs (such as transposon, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) among others, and the use of centralized organization with standardized apheresis centers (5). Others are exploring the use of the of allogeneic stem cells including Regen Biopharma, Escape Therapeutics, Lonza, Pluristem Therapeutics, and ViaCord (7).

Several gene therapies have also been approved, mainly in the treatment of rare disease (8). Many companies are evaluating novel gene therapy vectors to increase levels of gene expression/protein productions, reduce immunogenicity and improve durability including Astellas Gene Therapies, Bayer, ArrowHead Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Bluebird Bio, Intellia Therapeutics, Kystal Biotech, MeiraGTx, Regenxbio, Roche, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Sangamo Therapeutics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Verve Therapeutics, and Voyager Therapeutics (8).

While many biopharma companies have established their own in-house CGT good manufacturing practice (GMP) operation capabilities, others are looking to decentralize manufacturing and improve distribution by relying on external contracts with CDMOs and CMOs such as CELLforCURE, CCRM, Cell Therapies Pty Ltd (CTPL), Cellular Therapeutics Ltd (CTL), Eufets GmbH, Gravitas Biomanufacturing, Hitachi Chemical Advances Therapeutic Solutions, Lonza, MasTHerCell, MEDINET Co., Takara Bio, and XuXi PharmaTech (6, 9, 10).

The top 50 gene therapy start-up companies have attracted more than $11.6 billion in funds in recent years, with the top 10 companies generating US$5.3 billion in series A to D funding rounds (10). US-based Sana Biotechnology leads the field garnering US$700 million to develop scalable manufacturing for genetically engineered cells and its pipeline program, which include CAR-T cell-based therapies in oncology and CNS (Central Nervous System) disorders (11). In second place, Editas Medicine attracted $656.6 million to develop CRISPR nuclease gene editing technologies to develop gene therapies for rare disorders (12).

Overall, CGTs have attracted the pharma industrys attention as they provide an alternative route to target diseases that are poorly served by pharmaceutical and/or medical interventions, such as rare and orphan diseases. Private investors continue to pour money into this sector because a single shot has the potential to bring long-lasting clinical benefits to patients (13). In addition, regulators have approved several products and put in place fast track designation to speed up patient access to these life-saving medicines. Furthermore, healthcare providers have established reimbursement policies and manufacturers have negotiated value- and outcome-based contracts to reduce barriers to access to these premium priced products

On the downside, the manufacture of CGTs is labor intensive and expensive with manufacturing accounting for approximately 25% of operating expenses, plus there is still significant variation in the amount of product produced. On the medical side, many patients may not be suitable candidates for CGTs or not produce durable response due to pre-exposure to the viral vector, poor gene expression, and/or the development of immunogenicity due to pre-exposure to viral vectors. Those that can receive these therapies may suffer infusion site reactions, and unique adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome and neurological problems both of which can be fatal if not treated promptly (14).

Despite the considerable advances that have been made in the CGT field to date, there is still much work needed to enhance the durability of responses, increase biomanufacturing efficiencies and consistency and to implement a seamless supply chain that can ensure these agents are accessible, cost-effective, and a sustainable option to those in need.

Cleo Bern Hartley is a pharma consultant, former pharma analyst, and research scientist.

Pharmaceutical TechnologyVolume 46, Number 10October 2022Pages: 54-55

When referring to this article, please cite it as C.B. Hartley, "Growth in Cell and Gene Therapy Market," Pharmaceutical Technology 46 (10) 5455 (2022).

See the rest here:
Growth in Cell and Gene Therapy Market - Pharmaceutical Technology Magazine

Aileron Therapeutics, Inc.

New ex vivo data demonstrates protection against cyclophosphamide-induced damage to hair follicles and their stem cells

Encore presentation of data presented at Society for Investigative Dermatology in May 2022 shows:

ALRN-6924 temporarily arrested the cell cycle in human scalp hair follicles and their stem cells

Ex vivo data demonstrated protection against taxane-induced damage to hair follicles and their stem cells

Nearly all breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide and taxanes, such as docetaxel, experience alopecia (hair loss)

Aileron is evaluating ALRN-6924 as a novel chemoprotective agent to prevent chemotherapy-induced bone marrow toxicities and alopecia in its ongoing Phase 1b breast cancer trial

BOSTON, Sept. 30, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Aileron Therapeutics (Nasdaq: ALRN), a chemoprotection oncology company that aspires to make chemotherapy safer and thereby more effective to save more patients lives, today announced an oral presentation at the European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR) Annual Meeting, taking place September 28 October 1, 2022 in Amsterdam.

This presentation includes non-clinical data initially presented at the Society for Investigative Dermatology in May 2022 as well as new non-clinical data developed in collaboration with Professor Ralf Paus, M.D., DSc, FRSB and his colleagues at the Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

Details of the presentation are as follows:

Title:

Temporary cell cycle arrest in human scalp hair follicles and their epithelial stem cells by ALRN-6924: A novel strategy to selectively protect p53-wildtype cells against paclitaxel-induced alopecia [Abstract 549]

Presenter:

Dr. Ralf Paus; Paus Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Date:

Saturday, October 1, 2022

Time:

12:40 12:50 p.m. (local time)

Session:

Concurrent session #9: Photobiology and Pigmentation

Until one is confronted personally with the loss of hair due to chemotherapy, I think its difficult to truly understand just how difficult this side effect can be for patients. It is yet another burden layered on top of their already-daunting fight against cancer, said Dr. Paus. Cold caps, the only FDA-approved treatment for chemotherapy-induced alopecia, are unavailable in many institutions, can cause additional discomfort, and while often quite useful are of unpredictable efficacy in a given individual patient. One also cannot help wondering whether scalp micro-metastases might profit from scalp cooling.

Story continues

Dr. Paus continued, Based on our hair follicle and scalp skin organ culture work with ALRN-6924, testing two of the most hair loss-inducing chemotherapies, paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide, were very encouraged by the potential this drug may hold to prevent alopecia in cancer patients, including for protecting the hair follicle's sensitive stem cell compartment from permanent damage. Were particularly excited by ALRN-6924s highly innovative design, which selectively protects normal cells from the destructive effects of chemotherapy, but in contrast to any other currently available alopecia-protective strategy crucially, not the cancer cells.

Aileron is currently developing ALRN-6924, a first-in-class MDM2/MDMX dual inhibitor, to selectively protect healthy cells in patients with cancers that harbor p53 mutations to reduce or eliminate chemotherapy-induced side effects while preserving chemotherapys attack on cancer cells. The company is conducting a Phase 1b clinical trial of ALRN-6924 in patients with p53-mutated breast cancer undergoing either neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, also known as TAC. Ailerons vision is to bring chemoprotection to all patients with p53-mutated cancer regardless of the type of cancer or chemotherapy.

Manuel Aivado, M.D., Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer at Aileron, commented, Were excited about the results generated by Dr. Paus and his colleagues, particularly given their significant and widely recognized expertise in chemotherapy-induced alopecia. We have amassed a body of strong scientific evidence, including the data being presented at the ESDR meeting, which demonstrate ALRN-6924s cell cycle arrest mechanism and support its potential to protect against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow toxicities and other toxicities, including alopecia. Collectively, these nonclinical and clinical data have informed the design of our breast cancer trial. We look forward to our anticipated data readouts from that trial later this year and into 2023.

About the Paus et al. Findings

Taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, are known to cause severe and often permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Over 90% of patients treated with this chemotherapy class experience alopecia, and approximately 10% (paclitaxel) to 25% (docetaxel) of patients experience permanent alopecia. Cyclophosphamide is also known to cause alopecia: it is commonly co-administered with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) chemotherapy in the AC combination, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing hair loss.

Dr. Paus and his team previously demonstrated that paclitaxel damages human scalp hair follicles by inducing massive mitotic defects and apoptosis in hair matrix keratinocytes as well as bulge stem cell DNA damage, and that pharmacological induction of transient cell cycle arrest can protect hair follicles and stem cells (Purba et al. EMBO Molecular Medicine 2019). Aileron previously conducted in vitro studies showing that ALRN-6924 protected human fibroblasts in cell culture from multiple chemotherapies, but not p53-mutant breast cancer cells.

In the non-clinical findings presented at the ESDR and SID meetings, when organ-cultured anagen (i.e., active growth phase) scalp hair follicles from human donors were pre-treated with ALRN-6924 or vehicle (i.e., placebo), followed by paclitaxel or vehicle, ALRN-6924 significantly increased the number of p21-positive hair matrix keratinocytes and bulge stem cells compared to vehicle or paclitaxel alone, confirming cell cycle arrest ex vivo. Further, pretreatment of paclitaxel-treated human hair follicles with ALRN-6924, led to a reduction in the number of melanin clumps, a marker of hair follicle cytotoxicity and dystrophy, as well as a reduction in apoptosis, pathological mitosis, and DNA damage. In new data presented at the ESDR meeting, these assays also yielded positive findings for 4-HC (4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide), the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide that is formed in vivo and commonly used for in vitro studies. Aileron believes that these findings support clinical investigation of ALRN-6924s ability to prevent both acute and permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia, in addition to its ongoing evaluation of ALRN-6924s ability to protect against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow and other toxicities.

About Ailerons Breast Cancer Clinical Trial

Aileron is underway with a Phase 1b, open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and chemoprotective effect of ALRN-6924 in up to 24 patients with p53-mutated breast cancer undergoing either neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, also known as TAC. The primary endpoints are duration and incidence of severe neutropenia (Grade 4) in cycle 1. Secondary endpoints include the chemoprotective effect of ALRN-6924 on chemotherapy-induced alopecia, as well as other hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities. Planned readouts from the breast cancer trial include data from initial patients in the trial in the fourth quarter of 2022; an interim analysis on 12 patients in the second quarter of 2023; and topline results from 20 patients in the third quarter of 2023.

About Aileron Therapeutics

Aileron is a clinical stage chemoprotection oncology company that aspires to make chemotherapy safer and thereby more effective to save more patients lives. ALRN-6924, our first-in-class MDM2/MDMX dual inhibitor, is designed to activate p53, which in turn upregulates p21, a known inhibitor of the cell replication cycle. ALRN-6924 is the only reported chemoprotective agent in clinical development to employ a biomarker strategy, in which we exclusively focus on treating patients with p53-mutated cancers. Our targeted strategy is designed to selectively protect multiple healthy cell types throughout the body from chemotherapy without protecting cancer cells. As a result, healthy cells are spared from chemotherapeutic destruction while chemotherapy continues to kill cancer cells. By reducing or eliminating multiple chemotherapy-induced side effects, ALRN-6924 may improve patients quality of life and help them better tolerate chemotherapy. Enhanced tolerability may result in fewer dose reductions or delays of chemotherapy and the potential for improved efficacy.

Our vision is to bring chemoprotection to all patients with p53-mutated cancers, which represent approximately 50% of cancer patients, regardless of type of cancer or chemotherapy. Visit us at aileronrx.com to learn more.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this press release about Ailerons future expectations, plans and prospects, as well as any other statements regarding matters that are not historical facts, may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the potential of ALRN-6924 as a chemoprotective agent and the Companys strategy and clinical development plans. The words anticipate, believe, continue, could, estimate, expect, intend, may, plan, potential, predict, project, should, target, would and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including whether Ailerons cash resources will be sufficient to fund its continuing operations for the periods anticipated or with respect to the matters anticipated; whether initial results of clinical trials will be indicative of final results of those trials or results obtained in future clinical trials, including trials in different indications; whether ALRN-6924 will advance through the clinical trial process on a timely basis, or at all; whether the results of such trials will be accepted by and warrant submission for approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration or equivalent foreign regulatory agencies; whether ALRN-6924 will receive approval from regulatory agencies on a timely basis or at all or in which territories or indications ALRN-6924 may receive approval; whether, if ALRN-6924 obtains approval, it will be successfully distributed and marketed; what impact the coronavirus pandemic may have on the timing of our clinical development, clinical supply and our operations; and other factors discussed in the Risk Factors section of Ailerons annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 28, 2022, and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, filed on August 15, 2022,and risks described in other filings that Aileron may make with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date hereof, and Aileron specifically disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.

Go here to see the original:
Aileron Therapeutics Announces Oral Presentation of Non-Clinical Data Demonstrating ALRN-6924 Protected Human Hair Follicles and Their Stem Cells from...

New therapies have improved outcomes for patients in frontline treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma, and research now is addressing how subsequent therapies can meet needs of patients who progress after early lines of treatment.

When a patient has progressed through chemotherapytheyve had a stem cell transplant, theyve had brentuximab vedotin [Adcetris; Seagen] and theyve had PD-1 blockade, [physicians] are unsure of what treatments are available, Alex F. Herrera, MD, associate professor in the Division of Lymphoma, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation at City of Hope in Duarte, California, said in an interview with The SOHO Daily News before the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society of Hematologic Oncology (SOHO 2022).

Most patients with Hodgkin lymphoma can be cured by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the 20% to 25% of patients who do not respond can be as difficult to treat as those with other cancers, says Herrera. This means reducing the number of patients who relapse is crucial. Two major breakthroughs in this setting have been the introduction of brentuximab vedotin and PD-1 blockade, both of which have advanced to being used in the early lines of therapy in the United States. As the standard becomes using novel agents like brentuximab vedotin in frontline therapy, and maybe someday PD-1 blockade in frontline therapy, it even makes this a more pressing need to find therapies that work after a patient has progressed on those therapies, Herrera says.

Herreras presentation at SOHO 2022 discusses approaches to subsequent therapy for patients who have received brentuximab vedotin and PD-1 blockade. He says that although they have improved the outcomes of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, patients who are not cured by initial therapies are now often resistant to these treatments as well. More durable responses are also needed for those who do benefit from these therapies, since it is a minority of patients who will have a long-term durable response from these immunotherapies when they are used alone.

Hodgkin lymphoma is a disease that typically affects younger patients, says Herrera. If a patient is resistant to therapy, our goal is to be able to not just get a patient in response, but [to keep] a patient in response for as long as we can.

A wide range of options could offer survival benefit to patients with relapsed disease. Because few new agents have been approved for patients with relapsed disease after brentuximab vedotin and PD-1 blockade, clinical trials play a major role in offering patients the best available care.

Emerging Therapies

New agents such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) could offer a next-line approach. Whereas brentuximab vedotin targets CD30, camidanlumab tesirine (ADCT-301) is another ADC that targets CD25, which is also located on or around Hodgkin lymphoma cells. A phase 2 trial (NCT04052997) is investigating this ADC in patients who previously received brentuximab vedotin and an antiPD-1 agent.

Extending the length of benefit from antiPD-1 agents and overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important area of investigation due to the major role antiPD-1 agents now play in treating Hodgkin lymphoma. One potential approach is combining PD-1 blockade with an epigenetic-based or other targeted therapy. These include hypomethylating agents such as decitabine and azacitidine as well as histone deacetylase inhibitors such as vorinostat (Zolinza; Merck) and entinostat.

A study conducted in China (NCT03250962, NCT02961101) showed a significantly longer duration of response and favorable efficacy with the addition of decitabine to the antiPD-1 agent camrelizumab for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who were PD-1 nave as well as those who were resistant to prior antiPD-1 therapy.1,2 Herrera is helping lead a similar study (NCT05162976) at City of Hope evaluating azacitidine plus nivolumab (Opdivo; Bristol Myers Squibb) to assess how a hypomethylating agent can improve response to immunotherapy. He is also the principal investigator of a phase 1 study (NCT03150329) of vorinostat (Zolinza; Merck) combined with pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and other lymphoma types.

Herrera says targeted therapy that can extend the duration of benefit from immunotherapy would be an ideal approach in patients with low disease burden or fewer symptoms, because they are not in need of a fast-acting regimen and can benefit from the greater tolerability of immunotherapy. When a patient is resistant to immunotherapy, if we can re-sensitize them with something thats reasonably well tolerated and get them another year or two of response, [and] buy them that time, that might be a valuable option, he says.

For patients with higher disease burden who are more heavily symptomatic, chemotherapy may be the best approach to get a strong, rapid response. Research has also shown that PD-1 blockade can cause patients to become more sensitive to subsequent treatments,3 meaning chemotherapy could be used in combination with immunotherapy or afterward in patients who previously progressed on therapies such as the ABVD combination regimen (doxorubicin hydrochloride, bleomycin sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, and dacarbazine).

Drugs already in use such as lenalidomide (Revlimid; Bristol Myers Squibb), everolimus (Afinitor; Novartis), and temsirolimus (Torisel; Pfizer) can also have a role as subsequent therapies when patients need to achieve a strong anticancer response to improve their outcomes, according to Herrera.

Cellular Therapies

Cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have made an impact in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematologic malignancies, providing long-term durable remissions in many patients who had few options remaining. Herrera says CD30-targeted CAR T-cell therapies are promising for Hodgkin lymphoma, although they are not yet approved, and several CAR T-cell trials such as the phase 2 CHARIOT study (NCT04268706) are under way. A lingering question for him is whether CAR T-cell products will lead to durable responses in the relapsed population that is resistant to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and CD30-targeted ADCs.

Herrera says he and his colleagues look for patients who may benefit from trials of cellular therapies that evaluate CAR T cells or natural killer T cells that can result in a durable response. We are trying to refer patients [to trials] or give patients these types of cellular therapies when they are available, he said.

Although the advances in the field have deemphasized the need for patients to receive an allogeneic stem cell transplant, Herrera anticipates it may still have a role as survival is now extended for patients who now may receive 5 or more prior lines of therapy. Four or 5 years later, then you have all these patients who are now progressing on these later-line therapies and they need something else, he says. I think understanding the role allogeneic stem cell transplant may play isa bit of an unresolved question that probably is going to need to be explored again.

There is a range of options available to patients. Theres a lot of drug development happening. And I think that early results are promising and exciting, Herrera says. My talk is about just opening that door and showing folks that theres a lot out there that were studying and that is possible.

REFERENCES:

1. Nie J, Wang C, Liu Y, et al. Addition of low-dose decitabine to anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma.J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(17):1479-1489. doi:10.1200/JCO.18.02151

2. Liu Y, Wang C, Li X, et al. Improved clinical outcome in a randomized phase II study of anti-PD-1 camrelizumab plus decitabine in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9(4):e002347. doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-00234

3. Rossi C, Gilhodes J, Maerevoet M, et al. Efficacy of chemotherapy or chemo-anti-PD-1 combination after failed anti-PD-1 therapy for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: a series from Lysa centers. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(8):1042-1049. doi:10.1002/ajh.25154

See the original post here:
Research Shows Promise for Directing Later Lines of Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma - Targeted Oncology