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Category Archives: Cell Therapy
Stem Cell Treatment Paraplegic – Video
Posted: February 7, 2012 at 10:10 pm
31-01-2012 21:38 http://www.StemCellTreatment.org Jaime Chiriboga was an active adult and ended up in a motorcycle accident and left a quadriplegic. Before receiving stem cell treatment he could not move his limbs. After his stem cell therapy he was able to move his limbs and got back almost 100% sensitivity in his body! We are very happy with the results and even more important Jaime is happy with his results! Please look at our website for more information!
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Stem Cell Treatment Paraplegic - Video
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Cell-based Therapy Research – Video
Posted: February 7, 2012 at 4:25 am
10-01-2012 17:54 Cell-based therapy research at Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute is quintessential to medical advancement. Medical director Dr. Paul P. Huang researches stem cell therapy pertaining to cardiovascular disease. He provides an historical perspective of stem cell research and explains how stem cells can help cardiovascular patients avoid surgery and improve their quality of life. Dr. Huang believes that regenerative medicine is medicine's next frontier. For more information visit http://www.swedish.org
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Cell-based Therapy Research - Video
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Stem Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (UCSD, PDRC) – Video
Posted: February 7, 2012 at 3:38 am
20-01-2012 16:12 A conversation Dr. CC King, Ph.D., Associate Research Scientist at the UC, San Diego Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, about his work on stem cell therapy for type 1 (and type 2) diabetes.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (UCSD, PDRC) - Video
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Strategic Analysis of the European Stem Cell Research Tools Market
Posted: February 7, 2012 at 3:38 am
NEW YORK, Feb. 6, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Strategic Analysis of the European Stem Cell Research Tools Market
The primary objective of this study is to measure brand perceptions of tools and technologies currently at the forefront of stem cell research: bio-imaging and microscopy, cell biology tools, immunochemicals, molecular biology tools, and protein biochemistry tools. The study also looks into the usage pattern of these tools. An extensive end-user survey was conducted with 25 laboratories to assess the requirement and usage of tools. Insightful review of key industry drivers, restraints and challenges have been discussed. Leading market players and the prevailing competitive landscape for each of the segments have been discussed.
Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 10-19
Executive Summary 11-13
Market Engineering Measurements 14
Scope & Objective 15
Technologies Employed for Stem Cell Research 16
Stem Cell Research Protocol 17
CEO's Perspective 18
Exchange Rates 19
Market Overview 19
Market Overview - Definitions 20-24
Market Overview 25-26
Market Overview - Segmentation 27
European Stem Cell Research End User Trends 28
Stem Cell Research Workflow 29
Purpose of Research and Profile of Respondents 30
Stem Cells and Tools Usage Trends 31-33
Tools and Equipment Budget for Stem cell research Tools 34
Market Outlook 35
Market Age 36
Funding for Stem Cell Program 37-39
External Challenges: Drivers and Restraints 40
Industry Challenges 41-45
Drivers & Restraints 46
Key Market Participants 52
Product Line Analysis 59
Forecasts and Trends -Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market 70
Forecast Assumptions 72
Revenue Forecasts 73-74
Bio Imaging Tools In Vivo and In Vitro Segment Breakdown 75
Revenue Forecasts 77-78
Market Share Analysis 79
Cell Biology, Protein Biochemistry, and Immunochemical Tools Segment Breakdown 80
Revenue Forecasts 82-83
Market Share Analysis 84
Molecular Biology Tools Segment Breakdown 85
Revenue Forecasts 87-88
Market Share Analysis 89
Demand Analysis 90
Bioimaging Tools In Vivo and In Vitro 92
Cell Biology Tools 93
Demand Analysis Molecular Biology Tools 94
Protein Biochemistry Tools 95
Immunochemical Tools 96
European Stem Cell Research Centers 97-99
SWOT Analysis 101-102
Strategic Recommendations and Conclusions 103-106
The Last Word 107
Appendix 110
List of Figures
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Market Overview, Europe, 2010 25Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Tools Usage Trends, Europe, 2010 32-33Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Market Outlook, Europe, 2010 35Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: R&D Programs Funded, Europe, 2006–2013 37Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Bioimaging Tools In Vivo and In Vitro End User Analysis, Europe, 2010 92Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Cell Biology Tools End User Analysis, Europe, 2010 93Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Molecular Biology Tools End User Analysis, Europe, 2010 94Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Protein Biochemistry Tools End User Analysis, Europe, 2010 95Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Immunochemical Tools End User Analysis, Europe, 2010 96
List of Charts
Percent Revenue Breakdown Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Europe, 2010 27
Percent Revenue Breakdown Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Europe, 2017 27
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Purpose of Research and Profile of Respondents, Europe, 2010 30
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: General and Primary Focus on Stem Cell Research, Europe, 2010 31
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Lab Budgets, Europe, 2010 34
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Lab Budget Estimations, Europe, 2011 34
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Segment Life Cycle Analysis, Europe, 2010 36
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Industry Challenges, Europe, 2011–2017 41
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Drivers and Restraints, Europe, 2010 46
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Product Line Analysis, Europe, 2010 59-67
Market Overview Total Stem Cell Research Tools: Europe, 2010 71
Total Stem Cell Research Tools: Revenue Forecast, Europe, 2010–2017 73
Market Overview Bioimaging In Vivo and In Vitro Market: Europe, 2010 76
Bioimaging Tools In Vivo and In Vitro Market: Revenue Forecasts, Europe, 2010–2017 77
Bioimaging In Vivo and In Vitro Market: Market Share Analysis, Europe, 2010 79
Market Overview Cell Biology, Protein Biochemistry, and Immunochemical Tools Market: Europe, 2010 81
Cell biology, Protein Biochemistry, and Immunochemical Tools Market Revenue Forecasts, Europe, 2010–2017 82
Cell Biology, Protein Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology Tools Market: Market Share Analysis, Europe, 2010 84
Market Overview Molecular Biology Tools Market: Europe, 2010 86
Molecular Biology Tools Market: Revenue Forecasts, Europe, 2010–2017 87
Molecular Biology Tools Market: Market Share Analysis, Europe, 2010 89
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: Research Centers and Universities, Europe, 2010 98-100
Total Stem Cell Research Tools Market: SWOT Analysis, Europe, 2010 102
To order this report:Biological Therapy Industry: Strategic Analysis of the European Stem Cell Research Tools Market
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Strategic Analysis of the European Stem Cell Research Tools Market
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Macular Damaged Vision Improved with Stem Cells
Posted: February 7, 2012 at 3:38 am
Research using stem cells continues to be a controversial issue. But controversial or not, stem cell therapy use continues and new developments using the therapy to reverse vision loss are reported regularly. Keeping up with new improvements for reversal of vision loss for a person dealing with a vision issue is important. The idea of regaining vision offers hope to a person who lives with a vision impairment or blindness.
Researchers have reported vision loss improvement from a study using stem cells. Two women with different types of macular degeneration were treated with stem cell therapy. The first subject was a woman aged 70 with the dry form of aged related macular degeneration. The second subject was a woman aged 50 with Stargardt?s Macular Dystrophy.
The subjects were treated using 50,000 stem cells that were injected into one eye of each patient. The subjects were treated with eye therapy and followed for the next four months. During the four month time patients received eye therapy and eye exams. The vision of the first subject was improved by ten letters on a macular degeneration eye chart. The second subject ability to see movement improved and patient was able to see and count fingers correctly during hand movement tests. Researchers reported patients showed no signs of rejection or other difficulties during the stem cell trial.
What is macular degeneration?
The macular is the central part of the eye?s retinal nerve and is responsible for clarity and detail of central vision. Macular degeneration essentially, is the blocking of vision from debris in the eye or collection of fluid from leakage of abnormal growth of the blood vessels around the central part of the eye.
What are the different types of macular degeneration?
The disease is classified as wet or dry macular degeneration. The Dry form of the disease occurs when central vision damaged occurs from debris called drusen. Drusen shows up as yellow spots in the eyes. The drusen is thought to be material from deteriorating tissue.
Wet macular degeneration occurs when new blood vessels abnormally develop under the retina. The blood vessels begin to leak blood and fluid that collects around the macular causing damage and vision loss.
What are the risk factors?
1. Senior citizens Ages 60 and above
2. Smokers
3. Obesity
4. Race - White females have the highest number of cases
What treatments are available?
1. Wet Macular Degeneration
a. Drug injections
b. Laser surgery
c. Photodynamic therapy
2. Dry macular degeneration
a. Vitamins containing high levels of specific types of antioxidants
b. Balanced diet containing dark green leafy vegetables
c. Exercise
What are the symptoms?
1. The person may experience items such as; blurriness, squiggle or wavy lines and blind spots.
2. The faces of people seem wavy.
3. Doorways look crooked.
4. Objects look closer or farther away than normal
Medical research offers a visually disabled individual the hope of regaining vision. Staying informed and up to date on medical breakthroughs should be on the list of things to do for the visually disabled.
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Macular Damaged Vision Improved with Stem Cells
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Adult Stem Cell Treatments for COPD -Real patient results, USA Stem Cells- Donald W. Testimonial – Video
Posted: February 7, 2012 at 3:19 am
20-12-2011 09:01 If you would like more information please call us Toll Free at 877-578-7908. Or visit our website at http://www.usastemcells.com Or click here to have a Free Phone Constultation with Dr. Matthew Burks usastemcells.com Real patient testimonials for USA Stem Cells. Adult stem cell therapy for COPD, Emphysema, and Pulmonary fibrosis.
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Adult Stem Cell Treatments for COPD -Real patient results, USA Stem Cells- Donald W. Testimonial - Video
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CORRECTING and REPLACING Leading Global Cell Therapy Organizations Support U.S. Department of Justice Appeal of Ruling …
Posted: February 3, 2012 at 4:53 am
MINNEAPOLIS--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Please replace the release dated January 23, 2012 with the following corrected version due to multiple revisions.
The corrected release reads:
LEADING GLOBAL CELL THERAPY ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE APPEAL OF RULING ON DONOR COMPENSATION
Coalition says PBSC donor compensation poses health risks to patients and donors
A coalition of eight leading international health organizations today issued a statement supporting the U.S. Department of Justice’s appeal of the Ninth Circuit Court ruling that allows certain marrow donors to be compensated. Filed Jan. 17, the Justice Department’s appeal cites the potential for serious health risks to patients and donors if the ruling stands.
Approximately 5,000 patients each year in the United States receive marrow transplants from unrelated donors to treat leukemia, lymphoma and a number of other diseases. The marrow is a source of stem cells that are critical to restoring the immune system for these patients. Two techniques are used to extract these stem cells. The first draws marrow directly from the donor’s hip bone and the second moves the stem cells out of the bone marrow and into the bloodstream using a stimulating hormone, and then collects peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) in a procedure similar to the collection of platelets from blood donors.
Since 1984, the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) has banned payment for all marrow stem cell donations. However, a Dec. 1, 2011, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling legalized compensation for PBSC donations, but upheld the ban on compensation for marrow donation through aspiration.
“The world’s leading cell therapy organizations oppose compensating people who sell their stem cells, however collected, and believe the Ninth Circuit made an erroneous distinction between marrow stem cells extracted directly from bone or from blood,” said Jeffrey W. Chell, M.D., chief executive officer of the National Marrow Donor Program® (NMDP), a coalition member that operates the Be The Match Registry®, the world’s largest listing of volunteer marrow donors. “We fully support the Justice Department’s decision to protect patients and their donors by challenging the ruling. Those motivated by self-gain are more likely to withhold health information that would make them unsafe donors. The blood banking experience in the United States shows that this results in donations that are unacceptable from a clinical standpoint.”
The coalition includes the nonprofit NMDP, the World Marrow Donor Association, America’s Blood Centers, AABB, the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, International Society of Cellular Therapy and The Transplantation Society. Those seeking to overturn the ban against selling stem cells argue that payment for donors might increase patients’ access to bone marrow; however, the coalition asserts the opposite is true.
Paying for stem cells also would mean the U.S. no longer follows standards recognized throughout developed countries in Europe and Asia, which use volunteer donors in cell therapies. As a result, patients may not be able to use the worldwide search process. These international partnerships are vital to helping increase patients’ access to potential donors. In 2011, nearly half of the transplants facilitated by the NMDP involved either an international donor or patient.
The coalition cites the following reasons in its position against donor compensation:
Protecting Recipient and Donor Safety
A complete and truthful health history is critical to ensure that individuals are eligible to donate and that donated cells are free from infectious diseases. There is substantial scientific evidence that people wanting to sell their blood or body parts are more likely to withhold medical details and information that could harm patients. Ensuring Physicians’ Ability to Provide Quality Care
The decision of whether the donation occurs through the traditional method of bone marrow extraction or PBSC donation should be based on the best clinical judgment of the patient’s physician and will vary from patient to patient. While the donor always has the last say on whether and how to donate, PBSCs may not be in the best interests of the patient in many cases. Paying for PBSCs may cause donors to choose this method instead of a marrow extraction recommended by the recipient’s physician. Maintaining Altruistic Motivations
Compensating donors could deter those who are willing to donate for purely altruistic reasons. The more than 9.5 million members of the Be The Match Registry, as well as an additional 9 million potential donors available on international registries, are proof positive that people do not need financial incentive to save a life. Avoiding the Creation of Markets in Marrow Donation
Patients may promote donor drives with the promise of compensation, appealing to those with financial need, and not fully disclose the risks associated with the donation. For profit organizations also have an incentive to exploit their donors over a patient’s unique needs. In addition, markets put physicians in the morally dubious position of carrying out medical procedures solely for monetary profit.
For these reasons, the members of the coalition remain opposed to the selling of stem cells.
About the Coalition
The coalition includes the NMDP, America’s Blood Centers, AABB, the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, International Society of Cellular Therapy, The Transplantation Society, and the World Marrow Donor Association.
About the National Marrow Donor Program®(NMDP)
The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) is the global leader in providing marrow and umbilical cord blood transplants to patients with leukemia, lymphoma and other diseases. The nonprofit organization matches patients with donors, educates health care professionals and conducts research so more lives can be saved. The NMDP also operates Be The Match®, which provides support for patients, and enlists others in the community to join the Be The Match Registry® – the world’s largest listing of potential marrow donors and donated cord blood units – contribute financially and volunteer. For more information, visit marrow.org or call 1 (800) MARROW-2.
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Experimental Neurology Journal: BrainStorm’s NurOwn™ Stem Cell Technology Shows Promise for Treating Huntington’s …
Posted: February 2, 2012 at 9:51 am
NEW YORK & PETACH TIKVAH, Israel--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. (OTCBB: BCLI.OB - News), a leading developer of adult stem cell technologies and therapeutics, announced today that the prestigious Experimental Neurology Journal, published an article indicating that preclinical studies using cells that underwent treatment with Brainstorm’s NurOwn™ technology show promise in an animal model of Huntington’s disease. The article was published by leading scientists including Professor Melamed and Professor Offen of the Tel Aviv University.
In these studies, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells secreting neurotrophic factors (MSC-NTF), from patients with Huntington’s disease, were transplanted into the animal model of this disease and showed therapeutic improvement.
“The findings from this study demonstrate that stem cells derived from patients with a neurodegenerative disease, which are processed using BrainStorm’s NurOwn™ technology, may alleviate neurotoxic signs, in a similar way to cells derived from healthy donors. This is an important development for the company, as it confirms that autologous transplantation may be beneficial for such additional therapeutic indications,” said Dr. Adrian Harel, BrainStorm’s CEO.
"These findings provide support once again that BrainStorm’s MSC-NTF secreting cells have the potential to become a platform that in the future will provide treatment for various neuro-degenerative diseases," says Chaim Lebovits, President of BrainStorm. "This study follows previously published pre-clinical studies that demonstrated improvement in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and neural damage such as optic nerve transection and sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, BrainStorm will consider focusing on a new indication in the near future, in addition to the ongoing Clinical Trials in ALS.”
BrainStrom is currently conducting a Phase I/II Human Clinical Trial for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease at the Hadassah Medical center. Initial results from the clinical trial (which is designed mainly to test the safety of the treatment), that were announced last week, have shown that the Brainstorm’s NurOwn™ therapy is safe and does not show any significant treatment-related adverse events and have also shown certain signs of beneficial clinical effects.
To read the Article entitled ‘Mesenchymal stem cells induced to secrete neurotrophic factors attenuate quinolinic acid toxicity: A potential therapy for Huntington's disease’ by Sadan et al. please go to:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014488612000295
About BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc.
BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. is a biotech company developing adult stem cell therapeutic products, derived from autologous (self) bone marrow cells, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., holds rights to develop and commercialize the technology through an exclusive, worldwide licensing agreement with Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd., the technology transfer company of Tel-Aviv University. The technology is currently in a Phase I/II clinical trials for ALS in Israel.
Safe Harbor Statement
Statements in this announcement other than historical data and information constitute "forward-looking statements" and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.'s actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, inter alia, regarding safety and efficacy in its human clinical trials and thereafter; the Company's ability to progress any product candidates in pre-clinical or clinical trials; the scope, rate and progress of its pre-clinical trials and other research and development activities; the scope, rate and progress of clinical trials we commence; clinical trial results; safety and efficacy of the product even if the data from pre-clinical or clinical trials is positive; uncertainties relating to clinical trials; risks relating to the commercialization, if any, of our proposed product candidates; dependence on the efforts of third parties; failure by us to secure and maintain relationships with collaborators; dependence on intellectual property; competition for clinical resources and patient enrollment from drug candidates in development by other companies with greater resources and visibility, and risks that we may lack the financial resources and access to capital to fund our operations. The potential risks and uncertainties include risks associated with BrainStorm's limited operating history, history of losses; minimal working capital, dependence on its license to Ramot's technology; ability to adequately protect its technology; dependence on key executives and on its scientific consultants; ability to obtain required regulatory approvals; and other factors detailed in BrainStorm's annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q available at http://www.sec.gov. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements made by us.
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Stem Cell Therapy in Neuromuscular Disease Research – Video
Posted: February 1, 2012 at 5:59 pm
31-01-2012 15:24 MDA Vice President of Research Sanjay Bidichandani explains the promising research being done in neuromuscular disease research using adult stem cells.
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Stem Cell Therapy in Neuromuscular Disease Research - Video
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Skin cells turned into neural precusors, bypassing stem-cell stage
Posted: February 1, 2012 at 3:17 am
ScienceDaily (Jan. 30, 2012) — Mouse skin cells can be converted directly into cells that become the three main parts of the nervous system, according to researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. The finding is an extension of a previous study by the same group showing that mouse and human skin cells can be directly converted into functional neurons.
The multiple successes of the direct conversion method could refute the idea that pluripotency (a term that describes the ability of stem cells to become nearly any cell in the body) is necessary for a cell to transform from one cell type to another. Together, the results raise the possibility that embryonic stem cell research and another technique called "induced pluripotency" could be supplanted by a more direct way of generating specific types of cells for therapy or research.
This new study, published online Jan. 30 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is a substantial advance over the previous paper in that it transforms the skin cells into neural precursor cells, as opposed to neurons. While neural precursor cells can differentiate into neurons, they can also become the two other main cell types in the nervous system: astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition to their greater versatility, the newly derived neural precursor cells offer another advantage over neurons because they can be cultivated to large numbers in the laboratory -- a feature critical for their long-term usefulness in transplantation or drug screening.
In the study, the switch from skin to neural precursor cells occurred with high efficiency over a period of about three weeks after the addition of just three transcription factors. (In the previous study, a different combination of three transcription factors was used to generate mature neurons.) The finding implies that it may one day be possible to generate a variety of neural-system cells for transplantation that would perfectly match a human patient.
"We are thrilled about the prospects for potential medical use of these cells," said Marius Wernig, MD, assistant professor of pathology and a member of Stanford's Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. "We've shown the cells can integrate into a mouse brain and produce a missing protein important for the conduction of electrical signal by the neurons. This is important because the mouse model we used mimics that of a human genetic brain disease. However, more work needs to be done to generate similar cells from human skin cells and assess their safety and efficacy."
Wernig is the senior author of the research. Graduate student Ernesto Lujan is the first author.
While much research has been devoted to harnessing the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, taking those cells from an embryo and then implanting them in a patient could prove difficult because they would not match genetically. An alternative technique involves a concept called induced pluripotency, first described in 2006. In this approach, transcription factors are added to specialized cells like those found in skin to first drive them back along the developmental timeline to an undifferentiated stem-cell-like state. These "iPS cells" are then grown under a variety of conditions to induce them to re-specialize into many different cell types.
Scientists had thought that it was necessary for a cell to first enter an induced pluripotent state or for researchers to start with an embryonic stem cell, which is pluripotent by nature, before it could go on to become a new cell type. However, research from Wernig's laboratory in early 2010 showed that it was possible to directly convert one "adult" cell type to another with the application of specialized transcription factors, a process known as transdifferentiation.
Wernig and his colleagues first converted skin cells from an adult mouse to functional neurons (which they termed induced neuronal, or iN, cells), and then replicated the feat with human cells. In 2011 they showed that they could also directly convert liver cells into iN cells.
"Dr. Wernig's demonstration that fibroblasts can be converted into functional nerve cells opens the door to consider new ways to regenerate damaged neurons using cells surrounding the area of injury," said pediatric cardiologist Deepak Srivastava, MD, who was not involved in these studies. "It also suggests that we may be able to transdifferentiate cells into other cell types." Srivastava is the director of cardiovascular research at the Gladstone Institutes at the University of California-San Francisco. In 2010, Srivastava transdifferentiated mouse heart fibroblasts into beating heart muscle cells.
"Direct conversion has a number of advantages," said Lujan. "It occurs with relatively high efficiency and it generates a fairly homogenous population of cells. In contrast, cells derived from iPS cells must be carefully screened to eliminate any remaining pluripotent cells or cells that can differentiate into different lineages." Pluripotent cells can cause cancers when transplanted into animals or humans.
The lab's previous success converting skin cells into neurons spurred Wernig and Lujan to see if they could also generate the more-versatile neural precursor cells, or NPCs. To do so, they infected embryonic mouse skin cells -- a commonly used laboratory cell line -- with a virus encoding 11 transcription factors known to be expressed at high levels in NPCs. A little more than three weeks later, they saw that about 10 percent of the cells had begun to look and act like NPCs.
Repeated experiments allowed them to winnow the original panel of 11 transcription factors to just three: Brn2, Sox2 and FoxG1. (In contrast, the conversion of skin cells directly to functional neurons requires the transcription factors Brn2, Ascl1 and Myt1l.) Skin cells expressing these three transcription factors became neural precursor cells that were able to differentiate into not just neurons and astrocytes, but also oligodendrocytes, which make the myelin that insulates nerve fibers and allows them to transmit signals. The scientists dubbed the newly converted population "induced neural precursor cells," or iNPCs.
In addition to confirming that the astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes were expressing the appropriate genes and that they resembled their naturally derived peers in both shape and function when grown in the laboratory, the researchers wanted to know how the iNPCs would react when transplanted into an animal. They injected them into the brains of newborn laboratory mice bred to lack the ability to myelinate neurons. After 10 weeks, Lujan found that the cells had differentiated into oligodendroytes and had begun to coat the animals' neurons with myelin.
"Not only do these cells appear functional in the laboratory, they also seem to be able to integrate appropriately in an in vivo animal model," said Lujan.
The scientists are now working to replicate the work with skin cells from adult mice and humans, but Lujan emphasized that much more research is needed before any human transplantation experiments could be conducted. In the meantime, however, the ability to quickly and efficiently generate neural precursor cells that can be grown in the laboratory to mass quantities and maintained over time will be valuable in disease and drug-targeting studies.
"In addition to direct therapeutic application, these cells may be very useful to study human diseases in a laboratory dish or even following transplantation into a developing rodent brain," said Wernig.
In addition to Wernig and Lujan, other Stanford researchers involved in the study include postdoctoral scholars Soham Chanda, PhD, and Henrik Ahlenius, PhD; and professor of molecular and cellular physiology Thomas Sudhof, MD.
The research was supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the New York Stem Cell Foundation, the Ellison Medical Foundation, the Stinehart-Reed Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Stanford University Medical Center. The original article was written by Krista Conger.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
E. Lujan, S. Chanda, H. Ahlenius, T. C. Sudhof, M. Wernig. Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to self-renewing, tripotent neural precursor cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121003109
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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Skin cells turned into neural precusors, bypassing stem-cell stage
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