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Category Archives: Cell Therapy

Stanford scientists turn skin cells into neural precusors, bypassing stem-cell stage

Posted: January 31, 2012 at 2:09 am

Public release date: 30-Jan-2012
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Contact: Krista Conger
kristac@stanford.edu
650-725-5371
Stanford University Medical Center

STANFORD, Calif. ? Mouse skin cells can be converted directly into cells that become the three main parts of the nervous system, according to researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. The finding is an extension of a previous study by the same group showing that mouse and human skin cells can be directly converted into functional neurons.

The multiple successes of the direct conversion method could refute the idea that pluripotency (a term that describes the ability of stem cells to become nearly any cell in the body) is necessary for a cell to transform from one cell type to another. Together, the results raise the possibility that embryonic stem cell research and another technique called "induced pluripotency" could be supplanted by a more direct way of generating specific types of cells for therapy or research.

This new study, which will be published online Jan. 30 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is a substantial advance over the previous paper in that it transforms the skin cells into neural precursor cells, as opposed to neurons. While neural precursor cells can differentiate into neurons, they can also become the two other main cell types in the nervous system: astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition to their greater versatility, the newly derived neural precursor cells offer another advantage over neurons because they can be cultivated to large numbers in the laboratory ? a feature critical for their long-term usefulness in transplantation or drug screening.

In the study, the switch from skin to neural precursor cells occurred with high efficiency over a period of about three weeks after the addition of just three transcription factors. (In the previous study, a different combination of three transcription factors was used to generate mature neurons.) The finding implies that it may one day be possible to generate a variety of neural-system cells for transplantation that would perfectly match a human patient.

"We are thrilled about the prospects for potential medical use of these cells," said Marius Wernig, MD, assistant professor of pathology and a member of Stanford's Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. "We've shown the cells can integrate into a mouse brain and produce a missing protein important for the conduction of electrical signal by the neurons. This is important because the mouse model we used mimics that of a human genetic brain disease. However, more work needs to be done to generate similar cells from human skin cells and assess their safety and efficacy."

Wernig is the senior author of the research. Graduate student Ernesto Lujan is the first author.

While much research has been devoted to harnessing the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, taking those cells from an embryo and then implanting them in a patient could prove difficult because they would not match genetically. An alternative technique involves a concept called induced pluripotency, first described in 2006. In this approach, transcription factors are added to specialized cells like those found in skin to first drive them back along the developmental timeline to an undifferentiated stem-cell-like state. These "iPS cells" are then grown under a variety of conditions to induce them to re-specialize into many different cell types.

Scientists had thought that it was necessary for a cell to first enter an induced pluripotent state or for researchers to start with an embryonic stem cell, which is pluripotent by nature, before it could go on to become a new cell type. However, research from Wernig's laboratory in early 2010 showed that it was possible to directly convert one "adult" cell type to another with the application of specialized transcription factors, a process known as transdifferentiation.

Wernig and his colleagues first converted skin cells from an adult mouse to functional neurons (which they termed induced neuronal, or iN, cells), and then replicated the feat with human cells. In 2011 they showed that they could also directly convert liver cells into iN cells.

"Dr. Wernig's demonstration that fibroblasts can be converted into functional nerve cells opens the door to consider new ways to regenerate damaged neurons using cells surrounding the area of injury," said pediatric cardiologist Deepak Srivastava, MD, who was not involved in these studies. "It also suggests that we may be able to transdifferentiate cells into other cell types." Srivastava is the director of cardiovascular research at the Gladstone Institutes at the University of California-San Francisco. In 2010, Srivastava transdifferentiated mouse heart fibroblasts into beating heart muscle cells.

"Direct conversion has a number of advantages," said Lujan. "It occurs with relatively high efficiency and it generates a fairly homogenous population of cells. In contrast, cells derived from iPS cells must be carefully screened to eliminate any remaining pluripotent cells or cells that can differentiate into different lineages." Pluripotent cells can cause cancers when transplanted into animals or humans.

The lab's previous success converting skin cells into neurons spurred Wernig and Lujan to see if they could also generate the more-versatile neural precursor cells, or NPCs. To do so, they infected embryonic mouse skin cells ? a commonly used laboratory cell line ? with a virus encoding 11 transcription factors known to be expressed at high levels in NPCs. A little more than three weeks later, they saw that about 10 percent of the cells had begun to look and act like NPCs.

Repeated experiments allowed them to winnow the original panel of 11 transcription factors to just three: Brn2, Sox2 and FoxG1. (In contrast, the conversion of skin cells directly to functional neurons requires the transcription factors Brn2, Ascl1 and Myt1l.) Skin cells expressing these three transcription factors became neural precursor cells that were able to differentiate into not just neurons and astrocytes, but also oligodendrocytes, which make the myelin that insulates nerve fibers and allows them to transmit signals. The scientists dubbed the newly converted population "induced neural precursor cells," or iNPCs.

In addition to confirming that the astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes were expressing the appropriate genes and that they resembled their naturally derived peers in both shape and function when grown in the laboratory, the researchers wanted to know how the iNPCs would react when transplanted into an animal. They injected them into the brains of newborn laboratory mice bred to lack the ability to myelinate neurons. After 10 weeks, Lujan found that the cells had differentiated into oligodendroytes and had begun to coat the animals' neurons with myelin.

"Not only do these cells appear functional in the laboratory, they also seem to be able to integrate appropriately in an in vivo animal model," said Lujan.

The scientists are now working to replicate the work with skin cells from adult mice and humans, but Lujan emphasized that much more research is needed before any human transplantation experiments could be conducted. In the meantime, however, the ability to quickly and efficiently generate neural precursor cells that can be grown in the laboratory to mass quantities and maintained over time will be valuable in disease and drug-targeting studies.

"In addition to direct therapeutic application, these cells may be very useful to study human diseases in a laboratory dish or even following transplantation into a developing rodent brain," said Wernig.

###

In addition to Wernig and Lujan, other Stanford researchers involved in the study include postdoctoral scholars Soham Chanda, PhD, and Henrik Ahlenius, PhD; and professor of molecular and cellular physiology Thomas Sudhof, MD.

The research was supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the New York Stem Cell Foundation, the Ellison Medical Foundation, the Stinehart-Reed Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.

The Stanford University School of Medicine consistently ranks among the nation's top medical schools, integrating research, medical education, patient care and community service. For more news about the school, please visit http://mednews.stanford.edu. The medical school is part of Stanford Medicine, which includes Stanford Hospital & Clinics and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. For information about all three, please visit http://stanfordmedicine.org/about/news.html.

PRINT MEDIA CONTACT: Krista Conger at (650) 725-5371 (kristac@stanford.edu)
BROADCAST MEDIA CONTACT: M.A. Malone at (650) 723-6912 (mamalone@stanford.edu)

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Stanford scientists turn skin cells into neural precusors, bypassing stem-cell stage

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Collaborative research sheds light on new cancer stem cell therapies

Posted: January 29, 2012 at 4:54 pm

ScienceDaily (Jan. 27, 2012) — A
collaborative anti-cancer research jointly conducted by The
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Peking University
Shenzhen Graduate School and Nevada Cancer Institute has led to
the development of a novel class of chemical inhibitors that
specifically target cancer cells with pluripotency.

This cutting-edge research has combined the effort of three
research teams including one led by Dr Tao Ye (??), Associate
Professor of PolyU's Department of Applied Biology and Chemical
Technology. This breakthrough may help the selective removal of
cancer stem cells and potentially provide a novel strategy to
eradicate cancers.

Cancer is a major cause of human death in China and all around
the world. It is difficult to treat cause of the existence of
cancer initiating cells/cancer stem cells. Although they exist
in very few in numbers, cancer stem cells (CSCs) can
proliferate and self-renew, and are pluripotent and
multipotent, which have the capability to differentiate into
various more heterogeneous cancer cells that constitute the
entire tumor mass. As stem cells, they are more resistant to
most conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy or
radiotherapy due to their differences in the cell cycle
regulation and DNA repair processes. They also act as the
source for metastasis and recurring drug resistant cancers
after conventional cancer therapy. Currently, there are no
chemical inhibitors or other agents that can specifically and
selectively target cancer stem cells. The development of
compounds that target cancer stem cells is an unmet medical
demand for the eradication of malignant cancers.

According to Dr Ye, the potential clinical applications of new
LSD1 inhibitors include the following:

(1) They can be used to treat malignant germ cell tumors such
as teratoma/teratocarcinomas, embryonic carcinomas, seminomas,
choriocarcinomas, and tumors of yolk sac. These tumors are
usually treated by surgery or cis-platinum, but after initial
treatment, these tumors always become resistant to platinum
drugs. So far, the LSD1 inhibitors are highly effective towards
these pluriptont cancers with stem cell properties.

(2) The LSD1 inhibitors may also be used to remove
teratomas/embryonic carcinomas during stem cell-based therapy.
One major problem in stem/iPS cell-based therapy is the
formation of embryonic carcinomas, teratomas, or
teratocarcinomas by incomplete differentiation of ES/iPS cells
in the organs of recipients.  Because LSD1 selectively
inhibit these pluripotent embryonic carcinomas, teratomas, or
teratocarcinomas, LSD1 inhibitors may help ensure the
successful application of stem cell-based therapy.

(3) More importantly, since teratomas/embryonic carcinomas are
pluripotent cancer stem cells, researchers will probe whether
cancer stem cells of other types of major organ-specific
cancers such as breast, ovarian, lung, and brain cancers are
sensitive to these LSD1 inhibitors. Further studies indicated
that LSD1 inhibitors can also be used to inhibit many cancer
stem cell-like cells such as breast and ovarian cancers.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, via ResearchSEA.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For
further information, please contact the source cited
above.

Journal References:

Felix Cheung. Cancer biology: Ridding the seeds of
evil. Nature China, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nchina.2012.1

J. Wang, F. Lu, Q. Ren, H. Sun, Z. Xu, R. Lan, Y. Liu, D.
Ward, J. Quan, T. Ye, H. Zhang. Novel Histone
Demethylase LSD1 Inhibitors Selectively Target Cancer Cells
with Pluripotent Stem Cell Properties. Cancer
Research, 2011; 71 (23): 7238 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0896

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited
instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended
to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views
expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily
or its staff.

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Collaborative research sheds light on new cancer stem cell therapies

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World-Renowned Cell-Therapy Researcher, Doris Taylor, PhD, Joins Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital

Posted: January 29, 2012 at 5:46 am

HOUSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Officials at the Texas Heart Institute
(THI) at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital (St. Luke’s) announced
today that Doris
Taylor, PhD, FAHA, FACC, one of the world’s leading cell
therapy and cardiac regeneration scientists, will join THI
beginning March 1, 2012.

Dr. Taylor’s research includes: Cell and gene therapy for
treatment of cardiovascular disease; tissue
engineering of bioartificial organs and vasculature; cell-based
prevention of disease; stem cells and cancer; and holistic
approaches to using cell therapy for treating chronic disease.

Most recently, Dr. Taylor and her team garnered international
recognition for work involving “whole organ decellularization”
by showing they were able to remove existing cells from hearts
of laboratory animals and even humans leaving a framework to
build new organs. They repopulated the framework with other
adult stem cells then provided a blood supply, and the heart
regenerated with the characteristics and functions of a
revitalized beating heart.

The hope is that this research is an early step toward being
able to grow a fully functional human heart in the laboratory.
Dr. Taylor has demonstrated that the process works for other
organs as well – opening a door in the field of organ
transplantation.

It is significant in that the need for transplants continues to
grow, while the supply of donor organs remains critically low.

“Dr. Taylor is certainly one of the stars in the adult human
stem cell field, and we feel extremely fortunate to have her
join our team,” said Dr. James T. Willerson, THI’s President
and Medical Director. “Her work fits very well with our mission
and goals, and she certainly helps to solidify THI as a leader
in cell therapy, which is one of the most promising hopes for
treating cardiovascular disease.”

“The chance to work with Dr. Willerson and the THI team as
colleagues is very exhilarating. From molecules, to cells, to
organs and tissues, we want to create solutions for people with
disease,” said Dr. Taylor. “I am confident that I am joining a
regenerative medicine program that is unparalleled. And, given
the breadth of innovation and science in Houston, I have every
confidence that building solutions for heart diseases not only
has a long history, but a bright future.”

The move to Houston will also bring her closer to her family,
notes Dr. Taylor.

Dr. Taylor has been serving as director of the Center for
Cardiovascular Repair and Medtronic Bakken Chair in Integrative
Biology and Physiology at the University of Minnesota. Prior to
that she was on the faculty as Associate Professor in
Cardiology at Duke University Medical Center.

A native of Mississippi, Dr. Taylor holds a B.S. in biology
from Mississippi University for Women and a Doctorate in
pharmacology from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical
School in Dallas.

About the Texas Heart® Institute

The Texas Heart Institute (www.texasheart.org),
founded by world-renowned cardiovascular surgeon Dr. Denton A.
Cooley in 1962, is a nonprofit organization dedicated to
reducing the devastating toll of cardiovascular disease through
innovative and progressive programs in research, education and
improved patient care. Together with its clinical partner, St.
Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, it has been ranked among the top 10
cardiovascular centers in the United States by U.S. News &
World Report’s annual guide to “America’s Best Hospitals” for
the past 21 years. The Texas Heart Institute is also
affiliated with the University of Texas (UT) System, which
promotes collaboration in cardiovascular research and education
among UT and THI faculty at the Texas Heart Institute and other
UT components.

About St. Luke’s Episcopal Health System

St. Luke’s Episcopal Health System (StLukesTexas.com)
includes St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital in the Texas Medical
Center, founded in 1954 by the Episcopal Diocese of Texas; St.
Luke’s The Woodlands Hospital; St. Luke’s Sugar Land Hospital;
St. Luke’s Lakeside Hospital; St. Luke’s Patients Medical
Center; St. Luke’s Hospital at The Vintage; and St. Luke’s
Episcopal Health Charities, a charity devoted to assessing and
enhancing community health, especially among the underserved.
St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital is home to the Texas
Heart®Institute, which was founded in
1962 by Denton A. Cooley, MD, and is consistently ranked among
the top 10 cardiology and heart surgery centers in the country
by U.S. News & World Report. Affiliated with several
nursing schools and three medical schools, St. Luke’s Episcopal
Hospital was the first hospital in Texas named a Magnet
hospital for nursing excellence, receiving the award three
times.

Photos/Multimedia Gallery Available:
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World-Renowned Cell-Therapy Researcher, Doris Taylor, PhD, Joins Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital

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Ontario’s first cardiac stem cell transplant performed last week

Posted: January 28, 2012 at 12:50 pm


The first patient to receive this type of stem cell therapy,
James Culross, a 67-year-old man from Etobicoke, will be
discharged this week after 2.83 million [1] were
injected into seven sites where his heart had been damaged by a
[2] in November
2011. The stem cells were injected following [3] (CABG)
surgery, by a multi-disciplinary team led by Dr. Terrence Yau,
[4] and
Director of the Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy Program at the Peter
Munk Cardiac Centre. A second patient underwent successful stem
cell implantation and CABG surgery at the Peter Munk Cardiac
Centre this week.

"When a patient suffers a heart attack, part of the [5] dies and is
replaced by scar. The larger the heart attack, the more likely
that patient is to develop [6], in which
the heart becomes progressively weaker. Patients develop
[7], initially
during activity but later at rest as heart failure progresses,
and ultimately die of this disease," says Dr. Yau, who holds
the Angelo & Lorenza DeGasperis Chair in Cardiovascular
Surgery Research.

After a diagnosis of severe heart failure, the average life
expectancy is one and a half years for men and three years for
women, a prognosis worse than most cancers. Current treatments
for heart attacks, including angioplasty, stenting and [8], have saved
many lives and prevented further heart attacks, but they cannot
reverse the effect of heart attacks that have already occurred.
While researchers hope that stem cell therapy will improve the
function of hearts injured by heart attacks, the safety and
efficacy of stem cell therapy must first be clearly
demonstrated in [9] such as the
IMPACT-CABG Trial.

Using a novel process, unique in Canada, in which stem cells
are isolated by means of a rigorously-tested process in the
University Health Network's Organ Regeneration Laboratory,
located entirely within operating room suite, researchers
removed, prepared and injected the stem cells back into the
patient on the same day.

"Manipulating the cells in-house preserves cell viability.
Injecting the stem cells into the heart as soon as possible
after they are isolated from the patient's [10] may
improve their ability to improve heart function," says Dr.
Richard Weisel, Cardiac Surgeon at the Peter Munk Cardiac
Centre and Senior Scientist at the McEwen Centre for
Regenerative Medicine.

Here's how the process works: 100 millilitres of bone marrow is
acquired the morning of the patient's bypass surgery from the
iliac crest – the flat portion of the hip bone located near the
lower back – which is rich in bone marrow. The bone marrow is
then brought to the Organ Regeneration Laboratory, where
research technicians use a clinical-grade magnetic separating
device called the CliniMACS to separate the CD133 stem cells
from other components of the bone marrow. During the stem cell
isolation procedure, which takes four to six hours, the patient
rests until their surgery, which is scheduled to begin in the
early afternoon.

The end result is two millilitres of clear fluid containing
several million stem cells that have been rigorously tested to
ensure that they pass Health Canada-approved release criteria.
The cells are brought in a sterile tube to the [11] where Dr.
Yau's [12] graft
(CABG) surgery is underway. After the bypass grafts have been
completed, Dr. Yau fills a syringe with the stem cells and
injects them into the area of the heart that has been damaged
by a heart attack.

"This intraoperative approach to cardiac [13] is an
important component of the new Organ Regeneration Laboratory at
the University Health Network," says Dr. Shaf Keshavjee,
Surgeon-in-Chief at UHN. "Whether it is repairing hearts or
lungs, the Organ Regeneration Laboratory is at the leading edge
of regenerative medicine."

To date, over 500 heart patients worldwide have been treated
with a variety of stem cell preparations. Eight patients have
been treated at the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital in Montreal
as part of the IMPACT-CABG Clinical Trial. Toronto and Montreal
researchers will merge their results after each centre performs
stem cell transplants in 20 patients. The objective of the
IMPACT-CABG Trial is to demonstrate the safety of injecting
stem cells into the hearts of patients undergoing CABG surgery,
and to gather information on the feasibility and efficacy of
this approach.

"This clinical trial marks an important milestone in
regenerative medicine therapy at the University Health Network
and paves the way for collaborative studies between scientists
at the McEwen Centre and Dr. Yau and the team at the Peter Munk
Cardiac Centre," says Dr. Gordon Keller, Director of the McEwen
Centre for Regenerative Medicine.

Dr. Barry Rubin, Medical Director of the Peter Munk Cardiac
Centre, commented, "The Peter Munk Cardiac Centre is leading
innovation into new treatments for cardiovascular diseases. We
are very pleased to partner with scientists in the McEwen
Centre and to work together to provide novel stem cell
therapies for our patients."


Provided by University Health Network


References

  1. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  2. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  3. ^ (www.physorg.com)
  4. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  5. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  6. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  7. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  8. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  9. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  10. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  11. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  12. ^
    (www.physorg.com)
  13. ^
    (www.physorg.com)

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Ontario's first cardiac stem cell transplant performed last week

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Adult Stem Cell Treatments for COPD -Real patient results, USA Stem Cells- Shirlen M. Testimonial – Video

Posted: January 18, 2012 at 6:57 pm

11-01-2012 23:04 Real patient testimonials for USA Stem Cells. Adult stem cell therapy for COPD, Emphysema, and Pulmonary fibrosis. If you would like more information please call us Toll Free at 877-578-7908.

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Stem Cell Therapy – Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Patient Interview – Video

Posted: January 13, 2012 at 10:14 pm

09-01-2012 19:00 Stem cell therapy patient, Shelley Sims, discusses her improvements following stem cell treatments at the Stem Cell Institute in Panama City, Panama. Shelley has reduced her medications from thirteen to two. She reports significantly decreased fatigue that has enabled her to start playing racquetball with her son as well as coach his basketball team - things she could never do before treatment.

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Stem Cell Therapy - Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Patient Interview - Video

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Stem Cell Therapy – Medistem Labs Panama Laboratory Tour – Video

Posted: January 4, 2012 at 12:22 am

02-01-2012 12:26 See inside our state-of-the-art adult stem cell facilities in Panama City, Panama. Our laboratory, Medistem Panama, Inc., operates an 8000 sq

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Stem Cell Therapy - Medistem Labs Panama Laboratory Tour - Video

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China medical tourism–Ataxia Multiple System Atrophy–stem cell therapy – Video

Posted: January 1, 2012 at 6:40 pm

24-12-2011 23:08 Many of our patients travel to Guangzhou from all over the world for medical treatment and tourism. China medical tourism can help with becoming a patient, travel arrangements and language assistance. If you want to know more about our services, please browse the web:htttp://www.medicaltourism.hk/ or mail to us: giels-x@medicaltourism.hk firstcare-china@hotmail.com Joe Leone never thought he'd go to China.

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Stem Cell therapy cures cat kidney disease – Video

Posted: December 31, 2011 at 4:03 pm

News story that shows a cat with kidney disease that was saved with stem cell therapy. Also a dog with arthritis

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Stem Cell therapy cures cat kidney disease - Video

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Adult Stem Cell Research – Video

Posted: December 19, 2011 at 12:40 am

http://www.StemCellTreatment.org Thanks to adult stem cell research, stem cell therapy is going mainstream.

Link:
Adult Stem Cell Research - Video

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