Category Archives: Genetic Engineering

The internet

Musk believed the internet, nascent in the '90s, would "fundamentally change humanity," he said on the podcast.

"I would not regard this as a profound insight but rather an obvious one," Musk said.

He compared the internet to the human nervous system: "If you didn't have a nervous system, you wouldn't know what's going on. Your fingers wouldn't know what's going on. Your toes wouldn't know what's going on. You'd have to do it by diffusion," he said.

"The way information used to work was by diffusion. One human would have to call another human or write them in a letter. [That was] extremely slow diffusion. And if you wanted access to books, and you did not have a library, you don't have it. That's it."

He knew the internet could change all that.

And while Musk only had minimal access to the internet at the time (only to use it for his physics studies, he said), he knew the internet would be a "fundamental and profound change."

"Now, you have access to all books instantly, and you can be in a remote mountaintop location and have access to all of humanity's information if you got a link to the internet," he said on the podcast. "Now suddenly, human organisms anywhere would have access to all the information instantly."

Musk believed "making life multi-planetary and making consciousness multi-planetary" would change the world, he said on the podcast.

As a child, Musk was influenced by a variety of science fiction booksand he believed he'd one day "[build] spaceships to extend the human species's reach," according tothe book"Elon Musk." (Musk previously said that theseven-book "Foundation" science fiction series by scientist and author Isaac Asimov, for example, was "fundamental to the creation of his aerospace company, SpaceX.")

On May 30, SpaceXsuccessfully launched two NASA astronautsinto orbit for the first time. It was a milestone forhuman spaceflightand got Musk one step closer to achievinghis Mars ambitions.

Just as a character in the 1997 movie Gattaca undergoes genetic engineering to pursue his dream of space travel, according to Musk, when he was younger he believed being able to change human genetics could change the world.

And it's happening today, with technology like Crispr, Musk said on the podcast.

"It will become normal, I think, to change the human genome for getting rid of diseases or propensity to various diseases," he said. "That's going to be like the first thing you'd want headed out. If you've got a situation where you're definitely going to die of some cancer at age 55, you'd prefer to have that edited out."

"There's the Gattaca sort-of extreme thing where it's not really edited out but it's edited in for various enhancements and that kind of thing," he said, "which probably will come too."

"I'm not arguing for or against it," Musk said. "I'm just saying it's more likely to come than not down the road."

As a teenager, Musk felt a "personal obligation" for the fate of mankind and felt inspired to create "cleaner energy technology" one day, according to the book"Elon Musk."

So he believed that sustainable energy would change the future.

"Sustainability, actually, was something that I thought was important before the environmental implications became as obvious as they are," he said on the podcast. "If you mine and burn hydrocarbons[compounds that form the basis of natural gas, oil and coal], then you're going to run out of them. It's not like mining metals.... We will never run out of metals, but we will run out of hydrocarbons."

He said the future may bring a carbon taxthat would raisethe cost of burning fossil fuels to mitigate climate change, which is a "no brainer."

In 2004, Musk invested in and became a co-founder ofelectric car companyTesla.Hebecame CEO in 2008. On Wednesday, Tesla became the world's most valuable automakerwhen the electric vehicle company's market capitalization surpassed Toyota's for the first time.

"AI is a really major one" too, Musk said on the podcast.

In 2019,at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai, Musk (who co-founded non-profit AI research lab OpenAIbut laterleft the company's board) said computers will "surpass us in every way," including scary things, likejob disruptionfrom robots or even apotentialAIracethatleadstoa third World War.

AI is "capable of vastly more than almost anyone knows and the rate of improvement is exponential," he saidhe said at the 2018 South by Southwest tech conference.

Musk also founded machine intelligence venture Neuralink, because he believes humans must merge with AI to avoid becoming irrelevant.

"We do want a close coupling between collective human intelligence and digital intelligence,"he said at the SXSW conference, "and Neuralink is trying to help in that regard by trying creating a high bandwidth interface between AI and the human brain."

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In college, Elon Musk thought these 5 things would change the world - CNBC

[98 pages report] This market research report includes a detailed segmentation of the global genome editing market by technology (CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN, and Others), by application (Cell Line Engineering, Genetic Engineering, and Others), By end-user (Research Institutes, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies, and Contract Research Organizations), by regions (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World).

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Overview of the Global Genome Editing Market

Infoholics market research report predicts that the Global Genome Editing Market will grow at a CAGR of 14.4% during the forecast period. The market has witnessed steady growth in the past few years with the development in technology and the introduction of highly sensitive, robust, and reliable systems in the market. The market is fueled due to increase in genetic disorders, increasing investment and funds, and technological advancements in genome editing.

The market continues to grow and is one of the increasingly accepted market in many countries worldwide. Vendors are focusing towards obtaining funds and collaborating with universities to enlarge their research and development capabilities. The majority of the revenue is generated from the leading players in the market with dominating sales of ThermoFisher Scientific, GenScript Corp., Sangamo Therapeutics, Lonza Group, and Horizon Discovery Group plc.

According to Infoholic Research analysis, North America accounted for the largest share of the global genome editing market in 2018. US dominates the market with majority of genome editing companies being located in this region. However, China has not been too far behind and has great government support for the research in genome editing field.

Genome Editing Market by Technology:

In 2018, the CRISPR segment occupied the largest share due to specific, effective, and cost-effective nature of the technology. Many companies are focusing on providing genome editing services. For instance, in January 2019, Horizon Discovery extended CRISPR screening service to primary human T cells.

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Genome Editing Market by Applications:

In 2018, the cell line engineering accounted the maximum share followed by genetic engineering. Increase in the number of people suffering with genetic disorders has driven the growth of the genome editing market.

Genome Editing Market by End Users:

In 2018, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies gained the highest market share for genome editing market due to increased pervasiveness of cancer and infectious diseases are driving research goings-on in biotechnology & pharmaceutical companies segment.

Genome Editing Market by Regions:

The market is dominated by North America, followed by Asia Pacific and Europe. The major share of the North America market is from the US due to quick adoption of new and advanced technologies.

Genome Editing Market Research Competitive Analysis The market is extremely fragmented with several smaller companies struggling for market share. Big pharmaceutical establishments have also united with venture capitalists to provide funding to the start-ups. In 2015, Bayer financed $335 million and in the very same year, Celgene combined with Abingworth invested $64 million in CRISPR Therapeutics. The NIH recently granted 21 somatic cell genome editing grants of almost $86 million over the next half a decade. These endowments are the foremost to be granted through the Somatic Cell Genome Editing (SCGE) program that was initiated in January 2018 with NIH Common Fund.

The companies are collaborating and licensing to increase their capabilities in the market. CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN, Meganuclease, ARCUS, and RTDS are some of the key technology areas concentrated by key players in the market. Since 2015, the deals on the CRISPR technology has drastically increased.

Key vendors:

Key competitive facts

Benefits The report provides complete details about the usage and adoption rate of genome editing market. Thus, the key stakeholders can know about the major trends, drivers, investments, vertical players initiatives, and government initiatives towards the healthcare segment in the upcoming years along with details of the pureplay companies entering the market. Moreover, the report provides details about the major challenges that are going to impact the market growth. Additionally, the report gives complete details about the key business opportunities to key stakeholders in order to expand their business and capture the revenue in specific verticals, and to analyze before investing or expanding the business in this market.

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Genome Editing Market to Exhibit Rapid Surge in Consumption in the COVID-19 Crisis 2025 - 3rd Watch News

ISLAMABAD: Minister for National Food Security and Research Fakhar Imam on Saturday said the government was working hard in applying genetic engineering, crop diversification, and biotechnology in agriculture sector to ensure countrys food security.

The government is committed to double the income of the farmers and this can be achieved only if they use technology and opt for crop diversification, he said.

There is also a dire need to move towards precision agriculture technology, big data, and quality assurance to meet international quality parameters.

The minister said the government wanted to focus on agricultural research, education, and extension to promote export-focused production and that could not be avoided anymore as it was vital for agro-based industrial development.

He said the universities and research departments should be groomed and advanced technology be applied for the benefit of agriculture, adding, there was no doubt Pakistan was an agro-based country but we had not focused on it as we should have over the years.

We should continue to work together towards climate change resilient research, mechanisation in pulses cultivation and processing, improving seed replacement rate to fill the gap of technology adoption in the farming fields.

He said the government would take all-out measures to facilitate the farmers as development of the agriculture sector was among its priorities.

Agriculture is not only the basis for countrys economy, but it also ensures the supply chain of foods to the masses. That is why it is of paramount importance to focus on agriculture sector to avoid food security issues, the minister said.

He explained the agriculture sector was faced with multiple issues including water scarcity, low quality seeds and pesticides.

Moreover, the locust swarms and climate change, were also emerging threat for the sector as it had become a huge challenge for the crops the same way COVID-19 had become a threat to human life, Imam added.

Food availability will be ensured through increase in production of food items, he said, adding, Improved farm techniques will also be promoted and issues like land and water management will also be addressed.

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Minister ties smart farming to food security - The News International

Humans have been able to genetically alter the world around them for thousands of years. With the domestication of dogs at least 14,000 years ago, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been a constant feature of human society; only recently have we gained the ability to perform these modifications at the molecular level.

Even more recently, gene drive technology has fundamentally added the ability of humans to modify wild organisms, not only domesticated organisms. With the ability to make rapid, permanent changes to wild species on the near horizon, we must act now to implement policies that will carefully regulate their use while allowing for vital scientific research to continue.

While GMOs have become fundamental to the farming industry, they always have the same limitation: they must be protected and maintained on farms, in pens, or other human-maintained environments. If released into the wild, GMOs find themselves out-competed by their naturally occurring cousins, since genetic modifications made to suit human tastes (think seedless watermelons) typically have a hard time surviving in the wild. An exception to this rule is the survival of invasive species when introduced into a different environment and have no natural competition in their new habitat.

Gene drive technology now makes it possible for humans to engineer species that are currently and will remain, wild such as the mosquito. Gene drive engineering can create an artificial selective pressure to transmit the gene drive from parent to offspring at a higher rate than would naturally occur.

Eventually, offspring with the gene drive replace the unaltered form of the organism, an overwhelming natural section that would normally favor the unaltered form. This profoundly new capability makes gene drives different from GMOs which are not designed to replace wild organisms and do not have the capability to overtake wild populations if accidentally released.

Because gene drives, as tools for the management and engineering of species in the wild, are intrinsically different from GMOs, it is not adequate to regulate them like other GMOs or rely only upon the framework of existing GMO regulations. We need a series of policy goals to prevent missteps in the deployment of this powerful tool.

It is unlikely that gene drives will see direct use in agricultural crops and animals, despite the agricultural application being the main concern of gene drive opposers. Such cultivated species are already under de facto genetic control by farmers who decide which animals to breed and which seeds are sown. As such, a gene drive in farmed species would be a very expensive and complex way to achieve something already possible through conventional agricultural methods.

It is, however, quite likely that gene drives will soon be used to control malaria, either to suppress malaria-carrying mosquito populations or genetically alter them such that they are unable to transmit malaria to humans. Should this public health application prove to be safe and beneficial, further applications of gene drives may soon follow. Another near-term application could be to control agricultural pest species such as leafhoppers or aphids in order to improve crop yield.

The management of human-influenced species with gene drives presents a potential flashpoint where conflicting economic and environmental interests intersect. We define human-influenced species as those that live and breed wild but are harvested heavily by humans. In other words, humans do not actively alter the environment of these species for agricultural purposes, but human harvesting activities have direct and indirect impacts on their population dynamics. Oceanic fish are an example of human-influenced species. These fish may live and travel across international and national territorial waters, and thus the release of a gene drive in these species would result in significant and competing economic interests. The ability of genes to drive fish to move from jurisdiction to jurisdiction presents a unique problem to international biodiversity protocols.

With the first release of gene drives for malaria control is likely to occur within the next 5-10 years, there is a need for immediate national regulation of gene drives and a need for broad international harmonization of gene drive regulation. While great care has been taken by researchers to safely and ethically advance malaria control gene drive research, explicit regulation is required to mitigate risks from future efforts and to hold all deployable gene drives to appropriate standards.

As we have experienced during COVID-19 with poorly functioning antibody tests, a loose regulatory environment can lead to products entering the market that have not been properly validated. In the case of gene drives, a loose regulatory environment could lead to irreversible damage to wild ecosystems.

The U.S. government should create nationally-mandated tiered registries of gene drive research. Coordinated, nationally-mandated registries would allow for the fast adoption of clear gene drive documentation. In time, the multiple national registries can hopefully be harmonized into a single international registry. These registries should be tiered in such a way that gene drives that are closer to possible deployment must report more detailed information than research projects that are in the exploratory phase.

As projects approach deployment, public transparency and independent review become more important considering the potential for gene drives to radically alter a wild environment. To realize the potential benefits of this technology, we now must act practically, proactively, and carefully to regulate their progress from small-scale research all the way through large-scale deployment.

Michael Montague, Ph.D. is a senior scholar and Amanda Kobokovich, MPH is a senior analyst at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. The authors recently published a report Gene Drives: Pursuing Opportunities, Minimizing Risk.

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Soon we'll be able to engineer the wild, can the policies keep up with the science? | TheHill - The Hill

Each night, around 7 o'clock, I drift off into a little daydream. This has been the case for weeks now. My beloved Mets are jogging onto the grass at Citi Field, taking their positions; their ace, Jacob deGrom, making a beeline to the mound. I am up out of my seat, applauding, gazing out onto the field. I look up to the sky, and that's it, really. The scene tends to slip away from there. I look down to see the gates of my apartment's window guard and the emptied streets of Manhattan beyond them. I really am clapping, but it's got nothing to do with baseball. It's in support of local nurses and doctors at work or changing shifts. Across New York City, this ritual plays out night after night (the clapping for health care workersnot the Mets fantasies, I don't think).

There's a crossing of wires at play, like my precious sports memories are mingling with the signatures of my life during the COVID-19 eraclapping, quarantining, boredom. Will it stay this way? For a while, at least, I think it will.

As MLB, the NBA and other leagues near their returns, I find myself fascinated by questions pertaining to the virus and the ways it will ripple through our leagues. How many players will contract it? How will leagues' models evolve as they move forward? Even for mea lifelong overcommitted fan who sends excessive, neurotic text threads (unresponded to) during regular-season gamesI think most of the drama in sports will come not from daily games but from daily tests results. This is the virus overpowering the once-invincible sports machine.

Already, so much of the mystique of sports has been lost. I miss the steady, circular rhythm of leagues in-season, the way they appeared day after day, overlapping only a few sacred times a year as if choreographed by the moon instead of computers and marketing teams. I miss the shameless self-importance of teams playing no matter what. (Spring training continued for 10 days after the first cases of COVID-19 appeared in Florida.) It was simply more fun back when we could view athletes as impervious superheroes rather than as bored video-gamersor, worse, as medical patients. There is something uncomfortable about having seen a dominant, intimidating player like Rudy Gobert briefly exposed as reckless and unhygienic. Games will return soon enough, but what about the underlying myths that lend them relevance and depth?

The NBA's bubble-based return, set for July 30, cuts against team fandomso driven by proximityby moving everyone to Disney World. It admits that the game could go on without us, the fans, rowdy old faithful, by playing in near silence. Game rules are changing, too, yielding to the virus' demands. There are smaller coaching staffs to protect older people from exposure, and expanded rosters for when the inevitable happens. Every league is making compromises: MLB might ban its most endearing prop, the sunflower seed, and tweak its most fundamental, unique feature, the nine-inning game.

These leagues are right to weigh these measures and to take them. They are preventing tragedies, not creating them. But the bending of tradition makes me wonder about the future of sports, about how things just changed overnight, and how they might change again in 10 years or 50. Maybe that will be the enduring impact of COVID-19 when it comes to sportsthat it opened the gates to change.

Naturally, this is where things get strange. Stick it out anyway. Consider the ways that fans and leagues are already adapting to this odd time, this time of no sports, and then imagine what comes next, and what after that. One small bit of innovation leads to an unpredictable new one, and on it goes. Very quickly, this evolution brings us into the realm of science fiction.

We might be there already. While games were on hold, the public embraced something that in the past seemed both silly and dystopian: game simulations. Las Vegas offered sim-game betting lines; we hosted virtual Madden watch parties right here at B/R. They were and are an obvious placeholder for real sports. Still, their popularity made me curious about their power down the road, if animated graphics improve enough to match real sports. Technologically speaking, could that day be coming? I asked an expert.

Nicholas Bostrom is a professor at Oxford and a pioneer of the simulation theory, which posits that we may be living in a knockoff version of Earth created by a more advanced (real-life) society. (Assuming that computers will someday be able to produce unlimited realistic simulations of life, we might be wise, he suggests, to already "think that we are likely among the simulated minds rather than among the original biological ones.") Bostrom published Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? way back in 2003. Today, few are better equipped to tell us about the future of sims. So, Professor, how good can they get?

"Eventually we will have completely realistic virtual reality simulations that would be indistinguishable from physical reality," he says. "I don't see why in theory you couldn't have a purely artificial creature that was competing against another in a way that would create a sports event."

You might be wondering what the point of this would be once sports return. Well, consider the NBA's most exhausting debate topic: load (or injury) management. Back when there were regularly scheduled games, we wasted much time meditating on the notion of, say, Kawhi Leonard taking a night off, letting his teammates dominate the lowly Cavaliers or Knicks in front of a crowd that paid to see him play. It's obvious that if there were fewer games, the need to skip some of them would decrease. Fewer games would also soothe another of the league's concerns: players' lack of sleep amid a busy travel schedule.

Simulations could merge these issues and resolve them at once. Why not simulate lopsided games like Clippers-Cavs, providing rest for Leonard and everybody else involved? Each year, each team could sim 10 or 12 games, allowing a 70- or 72-game schedule for playersalready a desired ballparkand a full 82-game slate for the league's partners, like TV networks and casinos, who would package the simulated visuals and box scores.

Maybe this idea seems a little far out, but the NBA rarely minds. It is already welcoming the ideas of the future, from the four-point shot to aerospace revolution.

Indeed, Commissioner Adam Silver has long seen supersonic flight as the key to a truly global league. With it, Portland could face Sydney and return four hours later, in time for bed. We already have an Atlantic Division with teams from America's Northeast; how about adding a Transatlantic Division featuring Brazil, Spain and Nigeria? For now, the problem is a logistical one. "Under existing airline technology, the planes aren't fast enough to at least play in the current framework of our regular season," Silver told USA Today in 2017. Fortunately, with help from Elon Musk, Richard Branson and more, supersonic jets are on their way. Just one of many game-changers to come.

Robots have perfected three-point shooting and will someday make flawless floor-spacers. Salaries paid in cryptocurrency will provide a cap loophole and threaten the league's financial structure. Augmented reality on-screen willsomehowincrease complaints about players' shot selection. Advanced tracking through biometric data will grow into a major concern regarding personal privacy. How much should bidding teams know about a free agent's body? Who gets to dictate the right body fat percentage for somebody else or whether a balky ankle is strong enough to play on? And, as the Wall Street Journal once asked: If a fan gains access to a player's medical status and uses it to wager on a game, is that insider trading? (If the answers to these questions seem like a privacy violation, then consider how quickly athletes' COVID-19 test results became expected public information, even though they're irrelevant so long as sports are on hold. If there is already a demand to know whether Ezekiel Elliott, a running back, is experiencing an inability to smell, then there's no doubting the future demand for intimate insight about his legs.)

Yes, the future can seem vast and spookythough not to Thomas Frey. Frey is an author and member of the Association of Professional Futurists. His job is to burst with ideas, and he's bursting all right, riffing on the future of medicine, tech, sports, you name it. He envisions not only the events of the future but also the issues that will counter those eventsthe future's future. "Drone racing is kind of a hot area right now," he says, "but my sense is that the drone racing eventually gets so fast that you can't even see it, and so I'm not sure that sport sticks around." Dang. What else? Frey wants to elevate existing sportsthe ones played on the groundthrough the control and reduction of gravity. (Think NFL meets Quidditch or Slamball with no need for trampolines.) He wonders about anti-aging, tooin this case, what 3,000-year lifespans might mean for athletic primes.

Other revolutions are impossible to imagine playing out (unless you happen to be a member of the APF). "We're close to reviving extinct species like woolly mammoths," Frey notes, before pondering the cruelty of secluding them from other, natural-born animals. An idea strikes him. "Creating a sport with woolly mammoth riders going around the trackthat would seem bizarre today," he says. "But I would definitely pay to go see that."

Of course, there is not only the matter of tweaking (or inventing) sports, but also that of tweaking the players themselves. One of Frey's favorite topics is genetic engineeringthe process of tinkering with human genes before birth. "We're reinventing people. We're making people more durable. We're giving rights to CRISPR [the bio-tech giant], who will give us superbabies who grow up to be superhumans," he says. OK then. Frey thinks it's inevitable that, someday, we'll be able to genetically manufacture superior athletes: bigger, faster, smarterto an uncanny degree. He wonders about "downloading the human brain" and uploading it into the mind of another person. In time, if this all gets easy and silly enough, a supertoddler could have the basketball IQ of LeBron James. (Just imagine the recruiting violations that would follow.)

Bostrom has explored genetic engineering as well. "The enhancement options being discussed," he wrote in 2003, "include radical extension of human health-span, eradication of disease, elimination of unnecessary suffering" and more. A superhuman ability to ward off illnesssay, a coronaviruswould certainly come in handy. So too would advancements that eliminate athletic limitations. Imagine how a perfect set of knees would have changed the careers of Greg Oden, Brandon Roy and others; imagine Shaquille O'Neal with a sprinter's endurance; imagine Jimmer Fredette at 7'3".

Sounds pretty greator actually it sounds like it would look pretty great, visually. But would this be good for sports? Is it ethical? Or the right spirit? And how would this impact the lives of the athletes we love?

Every tech innovation takes something away from the humans it replaces or (ostensibly) aids. Flawless three-and-D bots entering the NBA would not only change the game but also eliminate dozens or hundreds of lucrative jobs. Supersonic travel, alluring as it may be, could have untold effects on passengersespecially international-league athletes, flying overseas day after day. Genetic engineering could draw a devastating, permanent line between the haves and the have-nots.

When it arrives in full force, Frey says, crafting a given attribute"20/10 vision, a perfect heart"may well cost tens of thousands of dollars. There's no telling what else will be at the disposal of fortunate young athletes then (though Frey, of course, has some ideas, including advanced VR headsets).

Already, financial inequality pervades all of sports. Young basketball players need to be able to cover the costs of trainers and AAU travel teams to earn recognition; it's probably not a coincidence that the children of well-off former players are entering the league at a higher rate than ever. Young baseball players need not only training but also equipment, toomitts, balls, bats, helmets, cleats. (Cleveland pitcher Mike Clevinger recently blamed these costs for the sport's declining popularity among young athletes.) Golf, football, hockeyevery major sport operates behind a financial barrier to entry. In 2018, The Atlantic noted that "just 34 percent of children from families earning less than $25,000 played a team sport at least once a day in 2017, versus 69 percent from homes earning more than $100,000." (Those numbers came from a study by the Aspen Institute, which found that the gap was rapidly growing.)

Imagine a world in which the NBA MVP is an 8'6" trust-fund kid. It seems awfully shallow. Could a souped-up superhuman celebrate the award with the same tenderness as Kevin Durant did in 2014? Even if they did, would we bother to cry along with them? There is no great story in sports without long odds and a dash of relatability.Genetic engineering would destroy the enduring notion of the underdog. It would dull the sweetness of our games, the unpredictability, the misery, the reward. What, then, would be left?

"I'm not particularly excited about sports enhancements," Bostrom says, speaking broadly. "We shouldn't make the mistake of thinking everything that makes the sport easier or makes performance better makes the sport more enjoyable. I think we should think of these things more as, You're designing a game. Think creatively about what would make the most fun game. It's not always the easiest thing."

So far, leagues have mostly welcomed new tech as it arrives, a concerning trend. Consider the modern obsession with instant replay.

Think back to the men's NCAA title game last April. With the season on the line, the ball was knocked out of a Texas Tech dribbler's hands and flew out of bounds. For anybody who has ever picked up a basketball and played a game on any level, it was instantly recognizable as Tech's ball. But after several minutes of replaywhich included referee consultant Gene Steratore saying, "At times, guys, I will tell you, when you start running replay really, really slow, you get a little bit of distortion in there as well, so you've gotta be cognizant to that," suggesting that looking more closely may bring us further from the truththe ball was given to Virginia, the underlying logic being that the most important thing is to get the call right. Is it? What about the flow of the game, the sanity of the viewer, the unspoken understandingsI knocked it out; it's your ballthat run between players and fans, deepening the sport?

This, I will always believe, is the good stuff. Even Bostromwho is so technical that he at one point connects sports fandom to ancient Greek war and says, "You can speculate that, from an evolutionary point of view, being able to detect small differences in fitness would be valuable"agrees these intangibles are worth protecting. Even at the cost of, say, letting simulations run wild.

"You can't predict how an actual game will play out just by sort of measuring the circumference of the biceps and the speed on the treadmill of the athletes," Bostrom says. "And I think if you could predict it, in some sense it could reduce interest. It's not the same as seeing the struggle, the human spirit, the grit, the audience cheering them on."

The question, then, is not so much whether replay or sims or any other technical advance are helpful or efficient but whether we have the ability to recognize when they are aiding sports versus when they are harming them, and when the time is right to rein them in.

"Rather than just allowing everything that makes the performance better," Bostrom says, "we should think more about changes that make the game more fun and rewarding for both the players and the audience."

Are we doing this now? It's hard to say. The COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating change and the acceptance of change. It is clouding the rule-changing thought process. Already, long-standing traditions and powerful illusions have been altered across sports. After years of debate within baseball about the designated hitter, it will be implemented leaguewide as part of MLB's plan for a safe return. It is but a footnote to a much more complex story, which is fine. But also, how does the DH protect anybody from the coronavirus?

The NBA's bubble league will introduce its own oddities, though not everyone will be there to experience them firsthand. Several players have already tapped out of the NBA reboot, some fearing the virus, some having tested positive for it, some unwilling to separate from their loved ones. Others are sitting out so they can focus on social justice reform after expressing concerns that basketball could detract from those efforts. For those traveling to Disney World, it will be a lonely undertaking. Players themselves "are not permitted to enter each other's hotel rooms." Card games, if they do occur, will be monitored closely, and decks will be swapped out frequently.

Every league is drawing its own unprecedented game plan. The NFL is planning to cover the seats closest to the sidelines to keep fans away from players (though the league of course will advertise on the tarp). The NHL will reportedly route its action through two hub cities, Toronto and Edmonton. The measures that college sports will need to takeassuming anybody is on campus come Septemberfigure to be the most drastic of all.

Tech innovation will accompany each return: temperature screenings, artificial crowd noise, broadcasting from home. As quarantine warps our collective sense of time, it feels as though we've known these quirks forever. But not long ago they would have seemed quite strange, impossible, unwelcome, like somebody somewhere out there was toying with our settings.

Leo Sepkowitz joined B/R Mag in 2018. Previously, he was a Senior Writer at SLAM Magazine. You can follow him on Twitter: @LeoSepkowitz.

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The Future of Sports - Bleacher Report

Four more US biotechs filed to go public Friday as yet more companies clamber to get through a yawning IPO window and onto a market thats signaled its willingness to reward nearly any new drugmaker.

The new entrants are led by ALX Oncology and the biological analytics biotech Berkeley Lights, each of whom filed to raise $100 million. The autoimmune company Pandion Therapeutics also filed for $75 million, and Kiromic Biopharma, a tiny immuno-oncology startup based in San Antonio, filed for $25 million.

These companies will try to capitalize on a 2020 biotech IPO boom that the investment firm Renaissance Capital recently called historic. The spree began in January and, after a brief interlude when the pandemic first hit the US and Europe, has only picked up in the last two months. The 23 companies that have gone public averaged an 80% return on their offering price, according to Renaissance Capital numbers. Every single one priced above their midpoint or upsized their offering.

Unlike most of their fellow newly or would-be public biotechs, Berkeley Lights will enter the market with significant revenue on the books. The company doesnt make drugs but instead has built a digital cell biology platform that can analyze living cells from a variety of different dimensions and, in principal, accelerate drug development. Theyve partnered with Sanofi and Pfizer on antibody discovery and last year, signed a $150 million pact with Ginkgo Bioworks to help the synthetic biology unicorn advance its genetic engineering capabilities.

All told, the company earned $51 million in revenue last year. Unlike a drug developer, they have no cash earmarked for specific pipeline products, and said they will use proceeds for research, potential acquisitions and general corporate purposes.

For ALX Oncology, a successful offering would mean their second $100 million tranche of the year. In February, the California biotech raised $105 million to help advance its sole pipeline candidate: an antibody designed to target CD-47. Thats the same dont-eat-me signal targeted by Irv Weissmans Forty Seven Inc., the biotech Gilead paid $5 billion for in January. ALXs pitch is that their antibodys FC receptor is engineered to not attract macrophages, reducing toxicity. The biotech will use their proceeds to push the drug through its ongoinghead and neck squamous cell carcinomaand gastric cancer trial and begin new trials for it in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. A portion is also earmarked for CMC work.

Founded out of Polaris in 2018, Pandion Therapeutics was tapped last year for an up-to $800 million partnership to help a reorganizing Astellas develop antibodies for auto-immune disorders. That deal included $45 million upfront and the company also earned $80 million from a Series B in April. The new funding will be used to push their lead molecule through Phase I/II trials in ulcerative colitis while also backing preclinical research, particularly on a pair of antibodies meant to turn on the PD-1 checkpoint and tamp down the immune system.

Kiromic, meanwhile, is in part just trying to stay alive. With less than $2 million 5 million when a subsequent $3 million Series B is included in the bank at years end, they acknowledged in their S-1 that theres substantial doubt regarding the Companys ability to continue as a going concern. In this climate, though, thats worked out just fine for other companies. Applied Molecular Transport went publicin May with the same concerns. They ultimately raised $177 million.

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The biotech IPO boom is becoming 'historic' as four more throw their hats in - Endpoints News

ISLAMABAD, Jul 4 (APP):Minister for National Food Security and Research Fakhar Imam Saturday said that government was working hard in applying genetic engineering, crop diversification and biotechnology in agriculture sector to ensure food safety in the country.His government was committed to double the income of the farmers and this can be achieved only if farmers use technology and opt for crop diversification, he said while speaking to PTV news channel.He said there is a dire need to move towards precision agriculture technology, big data and quality assurance to meet international quality parameters.The PTI government wants to focus on agricultural research, education and extension to promote export-focused production that cannot be avoided anymore as it is vital for agro-based industrial development, headded.Imam stated that universities and research departments should be groomed and advanced technology be applied for the benefit of agriculture.The minister said there was no doubt that Pakistan was an agro-based country but we had not focused on it as we should have over the years.We should continue to work together towards climate change resilient research, mechanization in pulses cultivation and processing, improving seed replacement rate to fill the gap of technology adoption in the farmers fields.He said the government would take all-out measures to facilitate the farmers as development of the agriculture sector was among its priorities.Imam said agriculture is not only the basis for countrys economy but it also ensures the supply chain of foods to the masses. That is why it is of paramount importance to focus on agriculture sector to avoid food securityissues.He further explained that the agriculture sector of the country was being faced with multiple issues including water scarcity, low quality seeds and pesticides.Moreover, the locust swarms and climate change, were also emerging threat for the sector as it had become a huge challenge for the crops the same way COVID-19 had become a threat to human life.Food availability will be ensured through increase in production of food items, he said, adding, improved farm techniques will also be promoted and issues like land and water management will also be addressed.He said the present government of PTI had also formulated different policies, which would became especially important in the wake of climate change and water shortages.

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Fakhar Imam stresses importance of biotechnology, crop diversification for food security - Associated Press of Pakistan

The global Genetic Modification Therapies market report provides geographic analysis covering regions, such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of the World. The Genetic Modification Therapies market for each region is further segmented for major countries including the U.S., Canada, Germany, the U.K., France, Italy, China, India, Japan, Brazil, South Africa, and others.

The global Genetic Modification Therapies market is expected to exceed more than US$ 3.5 Billion by 2024 at a CAGR of 34% in the given forecast period.

Genetic modification therapies, significantly gene therapy and RNA therapy, have existed for many years, with very little clinical success. However, recent enhancements in these therapies, together with higher delivery systems, additional economical and sturdy gene expression constructs, precise polymer editing tools, have brought this industry to the forefront, and its currently poised for explosive growth within the coming back years.

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Because of the potentially curative nature of those medicines theres monumental potential in several applications, starting from cancer to neurology to rare diseases. Genetic modification therapies represent consecutive wave of medicines with monumental potential for treating and curing draining and high diseases. As a result of its wide scope, genetic modification therapy can play a vital role within the future world medical economy.

Continuing advances in key technologies like DNA editing, viral design and production, and gene expression, further as a pressing medical want in several serious and enervating disorders, are driving the expansion of the marketplace for genetic modification therapies. Developments in these multidisciplinary fields promise to advance the genetic modification therapies trade and build distinctive market opportunities.

The overall market is anticipated to witness important growth in opportunities for a spread of stakeholders within the returning decade. its necessary to spotlight that many technology suppliers, reaching to develop and / or support the event of gene therapies, with improved effectiveness and safety, have designed and already introduced advanced platforms for the engineering of vectors. Innovation during this domain has additionally semiconductor diode to the invention of novel molecular targets and strong the analysis pipelines of corporations targeted during this house. the potential to focus on numerous therapeutic areas is taken into account to be amongst the foremost outstanding growth drivers of this market.

Market Insights

The global Genetic Modification Therapies market is segregated on the basis of Platform Technology as Gene editing, Gene Therapies, Genetically Modified Cell Therapies, and RNA Therapies. Based on Delivery Technologies the global Genetic Modification Therapies market is segmented in AAV, Adenovirus, Lentivirus, Retrovirus, Other Viral, and Nonviral Based on End-User Industry the global Genetic Modification Therapies market is segmented in Hospitals, Diagnostics and Testing Laboratories, Academic and Research Organizations, and Others.

Based on Disease, the global Genetic Modification Therapies market is segmented in Cardiology, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Hematology, Musculoskeletal, Neurology, Rare Diseases, Other Indications.

Competitive Rivalry

4D Molecular Therapeutics, Abeona Therapeutics, Beam Therapeutics, Casebia Therapeutics, Editas Medicine, Fate Therapeutics, GE Healthcare, Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics, Immunocore, Jivana Biotechnology, and others are among the major players in the global Genetic Modification Therapies market. The companies are involved in several growth and expansion strategies to gain a competitive advantage. Industry participants also follow value chain integration with business operations in multiple stages of the value chain.

The Genetic Modification Therapies Market has been segmented as below:

The Genetic Modification Therapies Market is segmented on the lines of Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Platform Technology, Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Delivery Technologies, Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By End-User Industry, Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Disease, Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Region and Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Company.

Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Platform Technology this market is segmented on the basis of Gene editing, Gene Therapies, Genetically Modified Cell Therapies and RNA Therapies. Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Delivery Technologies this market is segmented on the basis of AAV, Adenovirus, Lentivirus, Retrovirus, Other Viral and Nonviral. Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By End-User Industry this market is segmented on the basis of Hospitals, Diagnostics and Testing Laboratories, Academic and Research Organizations and Others. Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Disease this market is segmented on the basis of Cardiology, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Hematology, Musculoskeletal, Neurology, Rare Diseases and Other Indications. Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Region this market is segmented on the basis of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. Genetic Modification Therapies Market, By Company this market is segmented on the basis of 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Abeona Therapeutics, Beam Therapeutics, Casebia Therapeutics, Editas Medicine, Fate Therapeutics, GE Healthcare, Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics, Immunocore and Jivana Biotechnology.

The report covers:

Global Genetic Modification Therapies market sizes from 2015 to 2024, along with CAGR for 2018-2024Market size comparison for 2017 vs 2024, with actual data for 2017, estimates for 2018 and forecast from 2019 to 2024Global Genetic Modification Therapies market trends, covering comprehensive range of consumer trends & manufacturer trendsValue chain analysis covering participants from raw material suppliers to the downstream buyer in the global Genetic Modification Therapies marketMajor market opportunities and challenges in forecast timeframe to be focusedCompetitive landscape with analysis on competition pattern, portfolio comparisons, development trends and strategic managementComprehensive company profiles of the key industry players

Report Scope:

The global Genetic Modification Therapies market report scope includes detailed study covering underlying factors influencing the industry trends.

The report covers analysis on regional and country level market dynamics. The scope also covers competitive overview providing company market shares along with company profiles for major revenue contributing companies.

The report scope includes detailed competitive outlook covering market shares and profiles key participants in the global Genetic Modification Therapies market share. Major industry players with significant revenue share include 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Abeona Therapeutics, Beam Therapeutics, Casebia Therapeutics, Editas Medicine, Fate Therapeutics, GE Healthcare, Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics, Immunocore, Jivana Biotechnology, and others.

Reasons to Buy this Report:

Gain detailed insights on the Genetic Modification Therapies industry trendsFind complete analysis on the market statusIdentify the Genetic Modification Therapies market opportunities and growth segmentsAnalyse competitive dynamics by evaluating business segments & product portfoliosFacilitate strategy planning and industry dynamics to enhance decision making

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Table of Contents:

IntroductionResearch MethodologyExecutive SummaryMarket Overview4.1 Introduction4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.2.4 Challenges4.2 Porters Five Force AnalysisGenetic Modification Therapies Market, By Platform TechnologyGenetic Modification Therapies Market, By Delivery TechnologiesGenetic Modification Therapies Market, By End-User IndustryGenetic Modification Therapies Market, By DiseaseGenetic Modification Therapies Market, By GeographyCompetitive InsightsCompany Profiles11.1 4D Molecular Therapeutics11.1.1 Company Overview11.1.2 Product/Service Landscape11.1.3 Financial Overview11.1.4 Recent Developments11.2 Abeona Therapeutics11.2.1 Company Overview11.2.2 Product/Service Landscape11.2.3 Financial Overview11.2.4 Recent Developments11.3 Beam Therapeutics,11.3.1 Company Overview11.3.2 Product/Service Landscape11.3.3 Financial Overview11.3.4 Recent Developments11.4 Casebia Therapeutics,11.4.1 Company Overview11.4.2 Product/Service Landscape11.4.3 Financial Overview11.4.4 Recent Developments11.5 Editas Medicine,11.5.1 Company Overview11.5.2 Product/Service Landscape11.5.3 Financial Overview11.5.4 Recent Developments11.6 Fate Therapeutics,11.6.1 Company Overview11.6.2 Product/Service Landscape11.6.3 Financial Overview11.6.4 Recent Developments11.7 GE Healthcare,11.7.1 Company Overview11.7.2 Product/Service Landscape11.7.3 Financial Overview11.7.4 Recent Developments11.8 Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics,11.8.1 Company Overview11.8.2 Product/Service Landscape11.8.3 Financial Overview11.8.4 Recent Developments11.9 Immunocore,11.9.1 Company Overview11.9.2 Product/Service Landscape11.9.3 Financial Overview11.9.4 Recent Developments11.10 Jivana Biotechnology,11.10.1 Company Overview11.10.2 Product/Service Landscape11.10.3 Financial Overview11.10.4 Recent Developments

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Genetic Modification Therapies Market 2019 | How The Industry Will Witness Substantial Growth In The Upcoming Years | Exclusive Report By MRE - Cole...

Genome Engineering Market report involves all together a different chapter on COVID 19 Impact. The Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is impacting society and the overall economy across the world. The impact of this pandemic is growing day by day as well as affecting the supply chain. The COVID-19 crisis is creating uncertainty in the stock market, massive slowing of supply chain, falling business confidence, and increasing panic among the customer segments. The overall effect of the pandemic is impacting the production process of several industries including Life Science, and many more. Trade barriers are further restraining the demand- supply outlook. nicolas.shaw@cognitivemarketresearch.com or call us on +1-312-376-8303.Download The report Copy form the webstie: https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/medical-devicesconsumables/genome-engineering-market-report

The major players profiled in this report include: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck KGaA, Horizon Discovery, Genscript USA, Sangamo Biosciences, Integrated DNA Technologies, Origene Technologies, Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Lonza Group, New England Biolabs

Market segment by type can be split into: CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN, Antisense, Other Technology

Market segment by the application can be split into: Cell Line Engineering, Animal Genetic Engineering, Plant Genetic Engineering, Other

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As government of different regions have already announced total lockdown and temporarily shutdown of industries, the overall production process being adversely affected; thus, hinder the overall Genome Engineering globally. This report on Genome Engineering provides the analysis on impact on Covid-19 on various business segments and country markets. The report also showcases market trends and forecast to 2027, factoring the impact of COVID-19 situation.

Genome Engineering Market report provide an in-depth understanding of the cutting-edge competitive analysis of the emerging market trends along with the drivers, restraints, and opportunities in the market to offer worthwhile insights and current scenario for making right decision. The report covers the prominent players in the market with detailed SWOT analysis, financial overview, and key developments of last three years. Moreover, the report also offers a 360 outlook of the market through the competitive landscape of the global industry player and helps the companies to garner Genome Engineering Market revenue by understanding the strategic growth approaches.

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Report provides industry analysis, important insights, and a competitive and useful advantage to the pursuers. The report analyzes different segments and offers the current and future prospects of each segment. Furthermore, this research report contains an in depth analysis of the top players with data such as product specification, company profiles and product picture, sales area, and base of manufacturing in the global Genome Engineering market. The impact on the supply and demand of the raw materials, due to the COVID-19 is also analyzed in the global Genome Engineering market.

Additionally, report consists of product life cycle, which discus about the current stage of product. Further, it adds manufacturing cost analysis as well as complete manufacturing process involved. Report also adds supply chain analysis to ensure complete data of market.

Objectives of Genome Engineering Market Report:To justifiably share in-depth info regarding the decisive elements impacting the increase of industry (growth capacity, chances, drivers and industry specific challenge and risks)To know the Genome Engineering Market by pinpointing its many sub segmentsTo profile the important players and analyze their growth plansTo endeavor the amount and value of the Genome Engineering Market sub-markets, depending on key regions (various vital states)To analyze the Global Genome Engineering Market concerning growth trends, prospects and also their participation in the entire sectorTo inspect and study the Global Genome Engineering Market size form the company, essential regions/countries, products and applications, background information and also predictions to 2027Primary worldwide Genome Engineering Market manufacturing companies, to specify, clarify and analyze the product sales amount, value and market share, market rivalry landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans for the next coming yearsTo examine competitive progress such as expansions, arrangements, new product launches and acquisitions on the market

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Follow is the chapters covered in Genome Engineering Market:Chapter 1 Genome Engineering Market OverviewChapter 2 COVID 19 ImpactChapter 3 Genome Engineering Segment by Types (Product Business)Chapter 4 Global Genome Engineering Segment by ApplicationChapter 5 Global Genome Engineering Market by Regions (2015-2027)Chapter 6 Global Genome Engineering Market Competition by ManufacturersChapter 7 Company (Top Players) Profiles and Key DataChapter 8 Global Genome Engineering Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)Chapter 9 Global Genome Engineering Revenue by TypesChapter 10 Global Genome Engineering Market Analysis by ApplicationChapter 11 North America Genome Engineering Market Development Status and OutlookChapter 12 Europe Genome Engineering Market Development Status and OutlookChapter 13 Asia Pacific Genome Engineering Market Development Status and OutlookChapter 14 South America Genome Engineering Market Development Status and OutlookChapter 15 Middle East & Africa Genome Engineering Market Development Status and OutlookChapter 16 Genome Engineering Manufacturing Cost AnalysisChapter 17 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/ TradersChapter 18 Global Genome Engineering Market Forecast (2020-2027)Chapter 19 Research Findings and ConclusionGet detailed TOC for Genome Engineering Market Report @ https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/medical-devicesconsumables/genome-engineering-market-report#table_of_contents.

Customization of the Report:This report can be customized to meet the clients requirements. Please connect with our sales team, who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs. You can also get in touch with our executives on to share your research requirements.nicolas.shaw@cognitivemarketresearch.com or call us on +1-312-376-8303.

About Us: Cognitive Market Research is one of the finest and most efficient Market Research and Consulting firm. The company strives to provide research studies which include syndicate research, customized research, round the clock assistance service, monthly subscription services, and consulting services to our clients. We focus on making sure that based on our reports, our clients are enabled to make most vital business decisions in easiest and yet effective way. Hence, we are committed to delivering them outcomes from market intelligence studies which are based on relevant and fact-based research across the global market.Contact Us: +1-312-376-8303Email: nicolas.shaw@cognitivemarketresearch.comWeb: https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com

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GlobalGenome Engineering Market Report 2020 Sales Forecast to Grow Negatively in Western Regio post COVID 19 Impact Analysis Updated Edition Top...

Swiss men have targeted an ideal lifespan of 108.5 years, while women are content with an average of 93.4 years of life. A survey of 2,000 people by the health insurer Sanitas found that many people are making changes to their lifestyle to secure a longer life.

swissinfo.ch/mga

Two thirds of respondents said they are physically active and eat healthy food while more than half refrain from smoking and a fifth abstain from alcohol.

The Health Forecast survey, which aims to come out annually, found that 40% of people currently use an app to monitor their health. More than a quarter of respondents would employ blood and DNA tests to determine optimal nutritional supplements and other tailor-made fitness measures.

Young men, in the 18-29 age range, appear keener than anyone else to actively boost their health and fitness levels. A third of male respondents in this age group (compared to 20% of all ages and genders) would consider biohacking a buzzword that involves enhancing health via diet, exercise, wearables and sometimes implants, such a microchips, or genetic engineering.

Only half as many women in this age group said they would be prepared to go to such lengths.

The survey also reveals more detail on attitudes to genetic science. Some 58% support gene therapy to treat cancer, 54% are in favour of gene diagnostics to diagnose hereditary diseases and 44% welcome prenatal screenings.

But three-quarters of respondents said this science should stop short of active intervention by altering genes or producing clones.

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Swiss men aspire to live to 108.5 years old - swissinfo.ch