Category Archives: Idaho Stem Cells

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PPT Stem Cell PowerPoint presentation | free to view ...

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Stem cells are cells that have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and give rise to multiple specialized cell types. They can develop into blood, bone, brain, muscle, skin and other organs.

Stem cells occur naturally, or they can be created from other kinds of cells. Stem cells form during development (embryonic stem cells). They are also present in small numbers in many different tissues (endogenous adult stem cells). Most significantly, stem cells can be created from skin cells (induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells).

iPS cells have emerged in recent years as by far the most significant source of stem cells for ALS research. A simple skin biopsy provides the skin cells (fibroblasts). These cells are treated in a lab dish with a precise cocktail of naturally occurring growth factors that turns back the clock, transforming them back into cells much like those that gave rise to themstem cells.

Embryonic stem cells can be isolated from fertilized embryos less than a week old. Before the development of iPS cells, human embryos were the only source of human stem cells for research or therapeutic development. The ethical issues involved hindered development of this research. Most stem cell research in ALS is currently focused on iPS cells, which are not burdened with these issues.

Stem cells are being used in many laboratories today for research into the causes of and treatments for ALS. Most commonly, iPS cells are converted into motor neurons, the cells affected in ALS. These motor neurons can be grown in a dish and studied to determine how the disease develops. They can also be used to screen for drugs that can alter the disease process. The availability of large numbers of identical neurons, made possible by iPS cells, has dramatically expanded the ability to search for new treatments.

Because iPS cells can be made from skin samples of any person, researchers have begun to make individual cell lines derived from dozens of individuals with ALS. Comparing the motor neurons derived from these cells lines allows them to ask what is common, and what is unique, about each case of ALS, leading to further understanding of the disease process.

Stem cells may also have a role to play in treating the disease. The most likely application may be to use stem cells or cells derived from them to deliver growth factors or protective molecules to motor neurons in the spinal cord. Clinical trials of such stem cell transplants are in the early stages, but appear to be safe.

While the idea of replacing dying motor neurons with new ones derived from stem cells is appealing, there are multiple major hurdles that must be overcome before it is a possibility. Perhaps the most challenging is coaxing the implanted cells to grow the long distances from the spinal cord, where they would be implanted, out to the muscle, where they cause contraction. While work is ongoing to overcome these challenges, it is likely that providing support and protection to surviving neurons represents a more immediate possible form of stem cell therapy.

The presence of endogenous stem cells in the adult brain and spinal cord may provide an alternative to transplantation, eliminating the issues of tissue rejection. If there were a way to stimulate resident stem cells to replace dying cells the limitations of transplantation could be overcome. Small biotech companies are pursuing this direction in the hope of finding therapeutic compounds that will do this. Further research into molecules and genes that govern cell division, migration and specialization is needed, ultimately leading to new drug targets and therapies for ALS.

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Stem Cells - The ALS Association

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Characteristics

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes individuals with a range of symptoms, abilities, and levels of impairment. Some children with autism are very high-functioning, communicating with others and performing well at school, while others experience significant impairment and remain highly dependent on caregivers.

Symptoms

Exact traits may vary by child, but autism is characterized by the following symptoms:

Social impairment. Kids with autism tend to make less eye contact, fail to respond to people in their environment, avoid sharing enthusiasm about activities by pointing or showing toys to others, and have atypical responses to others emotions. They often fail to reciprocate others emotions and avoid interacting socially with peers or adults.

Communication difficulties. For many children with autism, communication abilities remain a challenge. Early signs of autism include failure to develop age-appropriate gestures (e.g., pointing or waving), slowness in responding to their name, and a sudden stop in babbling after age one. Children show general language delays, having difficulty using complete sentences, substituting special made-up words in conversation, or repeating the same phrase over and over.

Repetitive behaviors. One of the hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorder is repetitive behaviors. This might include hand flapping, rocking, or finger flicking. Some children with autism may develop highly focused interests that have an obsessive quality. For example, some kids feel driven to learn as much as possible about trains, dinosaurs, or Star Trek. Interrupting these preoccupations, such as moving a favorite toy train, can be extremely upsetting for a child with autism.

Neurological and Physiological Changes

Researchers continue to explore the neurobiological changes associated with ASD. MRI studies have found that children with autism have some brain areas that are larger than neurotypical children, while other brain areas are smaller. During development, abnormal neuronal growth and problems with pruning of growing neurons may contribute to these differences.

Specifically, many children with autism have changes in the temporal lobe. This lobe is important for language processing, attention, empathy, facial processing, and social abilities. Changes in the structure and function of the temporal lobe may underlie autistic kids difficulties connecting socially, showing appropriate emotions, and communicating with others.

Link:
Stem Cell Therapy For Autism In USA - World Stem Cells, LLC

Analytical Stem Cell is hosting treatment for COPD using stem cell therapy.

About Stem Cell Therapy for COPD

Autologous Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) are a novel therapy for patients with COPD. More than 12 million people are diagnosed with COPD in the United States every year and someone dies of COPD every four minutes. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death and in 2007 carried an economic cost of $42.6 billion in direct health care costs and lost productivity.

The two main subtypes of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema and current thinking is that chronic inflammation plays a significant role in both types of COPD. Increasing evidence suggests that COPD has an autoimmune component1 and even after patients with COPD have quit smoking blood markers of active inflammation are still present. 2

Chronic bronchitis may be thought of as an inflammatory disease of the large airways. In this disease chronic exposure to inhaled irritants, most notably cigarette smoke, increases inflammation of the bronchi resulting in hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the mucus and goblet cells lining the bronchi. This causes obstruction of air flow to the lungs as well as the chronic productive cough characteristic of chronic bronchitis.3

Inflammation is also the cause of much of the resulting pathology in emphysema. Cigarette smoking and, to a lesser extent, inhalation of other irritants such as mining dust and air pollution, lead to oxidative stress with release of larger amounts of free radicals. The body responds by increasing the production of locally active inflammatory cytokines. In susceptible individuals the end result of the chronic inflammation is a destruction of alveolar walls. Collapse of the alveolar walls, in turn, results in decreased surface area for transfer of oxygen and exchange for carbon dioxide into the bloodstream. Collapse of air sacs also destroys the supporting infrastructure of the lungs, leading to a degree of lung collapse, particularly during expiration. Incomplete expulsion of air within the lungs occurs during exhalation by the time that air hunger leads to the need for another breath and emphysema patients need to breathe faster and work harder to maintain adequate oxygenation.

The Procedure

How and where is my therapy done?

All treatments are performed under medical supervision of the finest medical specialistsincluding plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, cardiologists, anesthetists, pediatricians, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists. Theclinics have the highest possible medical standard and patients are taken care off by a professional team of physicians, nurses, patient advisors, and other assistants.In the US, as well as abroad, all Physicians are licensed and have been specially trained in stem cell treatments.

Originally posted here:
COPD Stem Cell Treatment | Analytical Stem Cell

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. CSCs are therefore tumorigenic (tumor-forming), perhaps in contrast to other non-tumorigenic cancer cells. CSCs may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. Such cells are proposed to persist in tumors as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors. Therefore, development of specific therapies targeted at CSCs holds hope for improvement of survival and quality of life of cancer patients, especially for patients with metastatic disease.

Existing cancer treatments have mostly been developed based on animal models, where therapies able to promote tumor shrinkage were deemed effective. However, animals could not provide a complete model of human disease. In particular, in mice, whose life spans do not exceed two years, tumor relapse is exceptionally difficult to study.

The efficacy of cancer treatments is, in the initial stages of testing, often measured by the ablation fraction of tumor mass (fractional kill). As CSCs would form a very small proportion of the tumor, this may not necessarily select for drugs that act specifically on the stem cells. The theory suggests that conventional chemotherapies kill differentiated or differentiating cells, which form the bulk of the tumor but are unable to generate new cells. A population of CSCs, which gave rise to it, could remain untouched and cause a relapse of the disease.

Cancer stem cells were first identified by John Dick in acute myeloid leukemia in the late 1990s. As a stem cell biologist interested in blood stem cells, Dick was fortunate in his choice of cancer to study, picking one of the types where cancer stem cells have proved to have an especially important role. Since the early 2000s they have been an intense focus of cancer research[1]

In different tumor subtypes, cells within the tumor population exhibit functional heterogeneity, and tumors are formed from cells with various proliferative and differentiate capacities.[2] This functional tumour heterogeneity among cancer cells has led to the creation of at least two models, which have been put forward to account for heterogeneity and differences in tumor-regenerative capacity: the cancer stem cell (CSC) and clonal evolution models[3]

The cancer stem cell model refers to a subset of tumor cells that have the ability to self-renew and are able to generate the diverse tumor cells.[3] These cells have been termed cancer stem cells to reflect their stem-like properties. One implication of the CSC model and the existence of CSCs is that the tumor population is hierarchically arranged with CSCs lying at the apex of the hierarchy[4] (Fig. 3).

The clonal evolution model postulates that mutant tumor cells with a growth advantage are selected and expanded. Cells in the dominant population have a similar potential for initiating tumor growth[5] (Fig. 4).

[6] These two models are not mutually exclusive, as CSCs themselves undergo clonal evolution. Thus, the secondary more dominant CSCs may emerge, if a mutation confers more aggressive properties[7] (Fig. 5).

The existence of CSCs is a subject of debate within medical research, because many studies have not been successful in discovering the similarities and differences between normal tissue stem cells and cancer (stem) cells.[8] Cancer cells must be capable of continuous proliferation and self-renewal in order to retain the many mutations required for carcinogenesis, and to sustain the growth of a tumor since differentiated cells (constrained by the Hayflick Limit[9]) cannot divide indefinitely. However, it is debated whether such cells represent a minority. If most cells of the tumor are endowed with stem cell properties, there is no incentive to focus on a specific subpopulation. There is also debate on the cell of origin of CSCs - whether they originate from normal stem cells that have lost the ability to regulate proliferation, or from more differentiated population of progenitor cells that have acquired abilities to self-renew (which is related to the issue of stem cell plasticity).

The first conclusive evidence for CSCs was published in 1997 in Nature Medicine. Bonnet and Dick[10] isolated a subpopulation of leukaemic cells that expressed a specific surface marker CD34, but lacked the CD38 marker. The authors established that the CD34+/CD38- subpopulation is capable of initiating tumors in NOD/SCID mice that are histologically similar to the donor. The first evidence of a solid tumor cancer stem-like cell followed in 2002 with the discovery of a clonogenic, sphere-forming cell isolated and characterized from human brain gliomas [Human cortical glial tumors contain neural stem-like cells expressing astroglial and neuronal markers in vitro [Ignatova TN, Kukekov VG, Laywell ED, Suslov ON, Vrionis FD, Steindler DA. Glia. 2002 Sep;39(3):193-206. PMID 12203386 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

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Cancer stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Authors Committee on the Biological and Biomedical Applications of Stem Cell Research; Commission on Life Sciences (CLS); Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health (NBH); Board on Life Sciences (BLS); Institute of Medicine (IOM); Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS); National Research Council Description Recent scientific breakthroughs, celebrity patient advocates, and conflicting religious beliefs have come together to bring the state of stem cell research specifically embryonic stem cell research into the political crosshairs. President Bush s watershed policy statement allows federal funding for embryonic stem cell research but only on a limited number of stem cell lines. Millions of Americans could be affected by the continuing political debate among policymakers and the public.

Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine provides a deeper exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. In terms accessible to lay readers, the book summarizes what we know about adult and embryonic stem cells and discusses how to go about the transition from mouse studies to research that has therapeutic implications for people.

Perhaps most important, Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine also provides an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells. This timely book compares the impact of public and private research funding and discusses approaches to appropriate research oversight.

Based on the insights of leading scientists, ethicists, and other authorities, the book offers authoritative recommendations regarding the use of existing stem cell lines versus new lines in research, the important role of the federal government in this field of research, and other fundamental issues.

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Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine

Idaho Stem Cell Treatment Worldstemcells.com is one of the leading stem cell therapy and treatment providers for residents of Idaho and across the nation. Our cutting edge technology and compassionate staff truly set us apart from the competition. We are a US based company that understands your needs and concerns when looking for a stem cell treatment center. Our treatment center is located in Cancun, Mexico.

Conditions we treat include but not limited to:

Getting Started With Your Stem Cell Therapy and Treatments Here at World Stem Cells LLC we try to make the process of receiving stem cell transplants as easy as possible. We will help you figure out what your needs are and help you reach your goals as fast as possible. Follow the steps below on what to do.

Option 1 1.) Go to any page on our website and fill out the contact form. 2.) Fill in the required information and select the condition you would like to treat with stem cell therapy. 3.) Be sure to include any special information in the comments section. 4.) Click the submit button and we will contact you in a timely manner. 5.) Thats it, youre done!!!

REQUEST INFORMATION NOW!

Option 2

Call 800-234-1693 and speak with a representative regarding your stem cell therapy needs and requirements.

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Idaho Stem Cell Treatment | Stem Cell Treatments