Category Archives: Molecular Genetics

OMICS International welcomes all the attendees, speakers, sponsors and other research expertise from all over the world to theInternational conferenceon Clinical and Medical Genetics(Clinical Genetics 2016)which is going to be held duringNovember 28-29,2016inAtlanata, USA.We are very much honored to invite you all to exchange and share your views and experience on theCurrent Advancements and Novel Research on Clinical and Medical Genetics.

Clinical and medical geneticsare involved in the diagnosis and management ofhereditary disorderswhich determines the safety and effectiveness ofmedications,devices,diagnostic productsandtreatment regimenswhich are intended for human use and also be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. There is a rapid growth in the field of Clinical and Molecular Genetics because of the increased prevalence ofinfectious diseases, causative mutating organisms which led to the discovery of novel clinical and genetic testing methods. TheGenetic testingmarket sale is estimated to reach $25 billion annually by 2021 with a growth rate of 10% in the United States. The genetic testing market is believed to reach approximately $60 billion by 2020 globally. US represent the largest market for genetic testing worldwide.

Track -1: Clinical Genetics:

Clinical Genetics is the medical specialty which provides adiagnostic serviceand"genetic counselling"for individuals or families with, or at risk of, conditions which may have a genetic basis. Genetic disorders can affect any body system and any age group. The aim of Genetic Services is tohelp those affected by, or at risk of, a genetic disorder to live and reproduce as normally as possible. Genetic disorders include :

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on Histocompatibility andImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA; Conference on Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany; Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;Geneticsand Genomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage, Mutation and Cancer, March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA; Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA; Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track -2:Medical Genetics:

Medical geneticsis the branch ofmedicinethat involves the diagnosis and management ofhereditary disorders. Medical genetics differs fromhuman geneticsin that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care. For example, research on the causes and inheritance ofgenetic disorderswould be considered within both human genetics and medical genetics, while the diagnosis, management, and counselling people with genetic disorders would be considered part of medical genetics.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on Histocompatibility andImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA; Conference on Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany; Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;Geneticsand Genomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage, Mutation and Cancer, March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA; Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA; Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track -3:Mendelian Genetics: Past and the future

For thousands of years there were lot of questions aboutgeneticsand people followed different processes to produce hybrids of different plants and animals. But most of their trails failed as the actual mechanism behind it was unknown. ThereafterMendelwas the first to explain the concept of heredity after experimenting on pea plant (Pisum sativum)through his laws. He proposed Law of Segregation where only one allele pass from parent to offspring as the allele of parents gets separated ,Law of independent Assortment where different pairs of allele passes from parents independently, Law of Dominance where some alleles are dominant the remaining are recessive. Based on this, several hypotheses were proposed later.

Currently there are vast advancements in the field of genetics where researches are focusing on the different diseases caused by variations ingenesand many institutions are investing in the research. For example, US government, along with NIH funded Human Genome project based onDNA sequencingtechnologies. Due to the development of new techniques in Bioinformatics there is a huge decrease in the price of genome sequencing, from $100 million to $1000.

The involvement of genetics in heart diseases, cancer and other implications remained far from clear. There are possibilities of practicing human cloning, eugenics apart from these genetic advancements.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on Histocompatibility andImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA; Conference on Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany; Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;Geneticsand Genomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage, Mutation and Cancer, March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA; Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA; Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-4:Clinical Genomics

Clinical genomics is the use ofgenomic sequencingin clinical basis like for diagnosis, treatment of disease caused in patients. It is a new and rapidly changing field. The diseases like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, which are caused by a single base pair change to DNA sequencing, these mutations can be corrected by CRISPR/ Cas technology.

Cas technologyis based ongenomeediting which is proposed by Editas Medicine with an investment of about $43million. Researchers adopted this technique as most of the microbes useproteinand RNAs against invading viruses. The technique involves the editing of stretches in DNA and also to edit single base pairs of the human genome. It was also believed to cure untreatable diseases possibly.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-5:Oncogenomics and Therapeutics

Oncogenomics is the study of the relationship between cancer and the genome of an individual. Its goal is to identifyoncogenesfor the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.Canceris a genetic disease as it is caused by genetic variation in DNA.NIH offers about $7.4 billion on research related to genetics and about $5.8 on cancer related research. The various techniques used are DNA sequencing,microarray, digital karyotyping, bacterial artificial chromosome.

The American Cancer Society reported that among 1.5 million cases half a million die from the disease mostly of breast cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia. The expenditure on cancer care in 2010 was $125 billion and is estimated to reach $156 billion by 2020 in US.US occupies seventh place inbreast cancerworldwide.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track- 6:Clinical Epigenetics

Clinical epigeneticsuses the techniques involved in molecular biology to detect the alterations in DNA methylation or histone modification to diagnose disorders produced by heritable defects in thegene expression. DNA methylation involves in the addition of methyl groups to adenine and guanine bases. DNA is useful for cell development and when methylation occurs on CpG dinucleotide where cytosine precedes guanine suppresses the gene regulation. The nucleosome consists of historians where the tails of histone protrude from nucleosome and therefore they can be modified. The chemical groups attract activating or suppressing complexes to chromatin, which affects its shape, making it more or less available for gene expression. Epigenetic enzyme marketing consists of DNA-modifying, RNA-modifying, Protein is modifying Enzymes which is expected to reach a high rate by 2019. Bisulfite conversion kits; ChIP- seq kits; RNA sequencing kits; whole genome amplification kits are some of the epigenetic kits among which ChIP-seq kits segment had the biggest share in 2014.The market value ofepigeneticswas $413.24 million in 2014, it is expected to reach a CAGR of 13.64% from 2014 to 2019 and it is estimated to grow $783.17 million by 2019 globally.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain;Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK;conference on Histocompatibility andImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;Geneticsand Genomics Conference,June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage, Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulationin Development and Disease Conference,29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016,March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-7:Regenerative Biology and Stem Cell Research

Regenerative biology involves the restoration or renewal of damaged genes, cells, tissues, organisms orecosystemthat is produced by some natural fluctuations.Regenerationis mediated by gene regulation and it may be complete (same as old tissue) or incomplete (fibrosis). The market value for tissue engineering and regeneration products was $55.9 billion in 2010 and $59.8 billion in 2011, and is expected to reach $89.7 billion by 2016 at a CAGR of 8.4% globally. According to the reports, the market value of regenerative medicine was about $2.5 billion in the US.

Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that undergo mitosis to produce more cells, which are found in multicellular organisms. They are of two types, embryonic and adult stem cells. The stem cell treatment was found to be a lifesaving treatment for the patients with solid tumors and blood disorders.Stem cellscan be obtained from the umbilical cord after babys birth. Possibly they can also be obtained from peripheral blood and bone marrow. According to the reports, in US the availability of stem cell therapy was $15.2 million in 2007 and $16.5 million in 2008 and it is estimated to reach $11 billion by 2020.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-8:Microbial and Human Genetics

There are millions ofmicroorganismsthat have a rapid impact on our health. They play a vital role in maintaining the health as well as in the onset of diseases.

Genomics applies DNA sequencing methods andBioinformaticsto analyze the structure and function of genomes. It started from bacteriophage but was overtaken by bacterial genomics. Its applications were included in the fields of medicine, biotechnology and social sciences.

Proteomics is the study of the structure and functions of proteins as they are the essential components of the various metabolic pathways of cells. It is more complicated when compared to genomic studies as it varies from cell to cell.Mass spectroscopyand microarray techniques are mostly used to study proteins presently.

The global market for DNA sequencing products and services in 2012 was $3.5 billion and $4.5 billion in 2013. It is expected to reach $11.7 billion by 2018 with a CAGR of 21.2%.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-9:Next Generation Sequencing

Next Generation Sequencingis a novel method for sequencing DNA and RNA more rapidly, which has made the study of genomics easy. It is the most versatile tool for medical and biological research. The techniques involved are Illumina sequencing, Roche 454 sequencing, Ion torrent: proton sequencing,Solid sequencing. Illumina sequencing is based on DNA colonies or clusters that involves in the clonal amplification of DNA on a surface.454 pyro sequencing amplifies DNA in side water droplets in an oily solution. Ion torrent sequencing is based on using sequencing chemistry with semiconductor based detection system. It is based on detection of hydrogen ions used during polymerisation of DNA whereas solid sequencing involves sequencing by ligation. The NGS market reached $231.7 million in 2012 and $510.7 million in 2013 and is expected to reach $7.6 billion by 2018 with a CAGR of 71.6% globally.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America..

Track-10:Clinical Metabolics and Lipidomics

Lipids are the major components of biological membranes as well as the metabolites of organisms. Lipids play crucial role in biology. Imbalance in the lipid molecules leads to numerous diseases like atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, andAlzheimer's disease. Lipidomics is a system-based study of all lipids, which aims at the analysis of lipids in the biological system. Lipidomics is the main tool for potential biomarker discovery, diagnosis the disease and to understand disease pathology mainly in the fields of neurodegeneration, psychiatry, oncology, metabolic diseases, and infectious diseases. The global biomarkers market was $29.3 billion in 2013 and is expected to grow $53.6 billion in 2018 at a CAGR of 12.8%.

Clinical metabolomics is the major and the most powerful tool to screen metabolites in the biological samples. These provide predictive and prognostic biomarkers which are useful to monitor disease states and to improve therapeutic levels. Discovery of biomarkers to differentiate diseases at molecular levels is a difficult task as the metabolite profile is related to the phenotype of an organism;metabolomicsprovide a better understanding of systemic diseases. Metabolomics is also practiced in crop breeding, toxicology, plant biotechnology. The market value formetabolomicswas $712 million in 2012 and is expected to reach nearly $1.4 billion in 2017 at a CAGR of 14.2% globally.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain;Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK;conference on Histocompatibility andImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;Geneticsand Genomics Conference,June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage, Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulationin Development and Disease Conference,29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016,March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-11:Medical and Developmental Genetics

Right from the zygote to a developed individual every process is regulated by genes.Developmental geneticsis concerned with the process in which genes regulate the development. It is the study of cell fate, cell determination and embryonic development. There are many theories proposed and among them differential gene expression is the most accepted one. The ability to produce an organism from cells is called totipotent, unipotent stem cells produce a family of related cells. Pluripotent and multipoint produce only few organs or tissues, but all these cells forms, acell lineagewhose differentiation can be done by a master control gene. Likewise immune cells are produced from bone marrow; B-cells are responsible for antibody production. By Invivo production of B-cells, antibody diversity can be achieved as process follows differential gene expression. The prenatal and newborngenetic testingmarket were $1.12 billionin 2012 and expected to grow $8.37 billionin 2019 at a CAGR of 26.9% from 2013 to 2019 globally.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-12: Genetic Medicine

Genetic medicineis the integration and application of genomic technologies allows biomedical researchers and clinicians to collect data from large study population and to understand disease and genetic bases of drug response. It includes genome structure, functional genomics,epigenomics,genome scale population genomics, systems analysis, pharmacogenomics and proteomics. The Division of Genetic Medicine provides an academic environment enabling researchers to explore new relationships between disease susceptibility and human genetics. The Division of Genetic Medicine was established to host both research and clinical research programs focused on the genetic basis of health and disease. Equipped with state-of-the-art research tools and facilities, our faculty members are advancing knowledge of the common genetic determinants of cancer, congenital neuropathies, and heart disease.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-13:GeneticProbe

A section ofDNAof known structure or function which is marked with aradioactive isotope, dye or enzyme so that it can be used to detect the presence of specific sequences of bases in another DNA or RNA molecule.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-14:Genetic Linkage Analysis

Geneticlinkage analysis is a statistical method that is used to associate functionality of genes to their location onchromosomes. Neighboring genes on the chromosome have a tendency to stick together when passed on to offsprings. Therefore, if some disease is often passed to offsprings along with specific marker-genes , then it can be concluded that the gene(s) which are responsible for the disease are located close on the chromosome to these markers.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-15:Genetic Testing for Diseases

This is the analysis of chromosomes, proteins, and metabolites.Genetic testing for diseasescan provide important information for diagnosing, treating and preventing illness. Genetic testing identifies the changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. These are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid, or other tissue.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-16:Genetic Syndromes and Related Disorders

Genetic disorder is a genetic problem which is associated with the abnormalities in the genome, it may or may not be heritable. For example, cancer can be caused by some inherited genes or by newmutationsor it may be environmental cause in some patients. There are many genetic disorders among them Single-gene disorder is the one which is the resultant of a single mutated gene. It includes diseases like Cystic fibrosis,Sickle-cell-anemia, Polycystic kidney disease, Hemophilia-A, Albinism. Multifactorial diseases include diabetes and heart diseases. Most of the genetic disorders can be identified at birth or in childhood like Huntingtons disease. Treatment for these genetic disorders is still a battle where around 1800 clinical trials have been completed. Presently Gene therapy is followed in which a new gene is introduced to a patient which is very complicated. The market value of products to treatgenetic disorderswas $12.8 billion in 2009 and $17.3 in 2014 globally.

The market value for cancer treatment was about $51.2 billion in 2014 and is expected to reach $66.4 billion by 2019, with a CAGR of 5.4% from 2014 to 2019 globally.The autism spectrum disorders(ASD) market was about $346.2 million in 2013 and $360.9 million in 2014. The market value is expected to grow to $412.7 million by 2019, with a CAGR of 2.7 %.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-17:Genetics Market:

While the evidence base is still growing, genetic services industry leaders strongly believe that emerging testing capabilities will have significant clinical impact in the future. Many expressed opinions that genetic services will make significant contributions to prediction, detection, and care selection, leading to better quality care and increased affordability. Available genetic tests and genomic applications, can be categorized according to their clinical method of use across prediction, detection, and care selection. The prenatal and newborngenetic testingmarket were $1.12 billionin 2012 and expected to grow $8.37 billionin 2019 at a CAGR of 26.9% from 2013 to 2019 globally.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Track-18: Genetic Testing for Inherited Cardiac Disease

Over the past 2 decades, investigators in the field of cardiac genetics have evolved a complex understanding of the pathophysiological basis of inherited cardiac diseases, which predispose individuals to sudden cardiac death. In this Review, we describe the current status of gene discovery and the associations between phenotype and genotype in the cardiac channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. The various indications for genetic testing and its utility in the clinic are assessed in relation to diagnosis, cascade testing, guiding management, and prognosis. Some common problems exist across all phenotypes: the variable penetrance and expressivity of genetic disease, and the difficulty of assessing the functional and clinical effects of novel mutations. These issues will be of particular importance as the next-generation sequencing technologies are used by genetics laboratories to provide results from large panels of genes. The accurate interpretation of these results will be the main challenge for the future.

Related Conferences:

World congress onHuman Genetics, October 31 - November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Conference on Genetics Counseling andGenomicsMedicine, Aug 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Conference on HistocompatibilityandImmunogenetics, November 28-30, 2016 San Antonio, USA;Conference on Genomicsand Pharmacogenomics, September 12-14, 2016, Berlin, Germany;Conference onCancer Genomics, Aug 8-9, 2016 Las Vegas, USA;GeneticsandGenomics Conference, June 1-3, 2016, Nanjing, China;DNA Damage,Mutation and Cancer,March 13-18, 2016, Ventura, USA;Chromatin andEpigenetics, 20 March 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia; Chromatin,Non-coding RNAsand RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease Conference, 29 March 2016, Austin, USA;Maintenance ofGenome Stability2016, March 7-10, 2016, Panama, Central America.

Cell Therapy-2015

OMICS International Conferencessuccessfully hosted its premier4thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapyduring August 10-12, 2015 at Crowne Plaza London-Heathrow, London, United Kingdom.

The conference brought together a comprehensive range of the cell and gene therapy researchers, educators from research universities as well as representatives from industry and professional cell and gene therapy societies.

Cell Therapy-2015is known for uplifting the future of cell and gene therapy and its allied areas by encouraging students and fellow researchers to present their work through poster presentations and young research forum. Students participated with great zeal and the best posters were awarded for their efforts and outstanding contribution to the cell and gene therapy research.

OMICS InternationalConferenceswishes to acknowledge with its deep sincere gratitude to all the supporters from the Editorial Board Members of our Open Access Journals, Keynote speakers, Honorable guests, valuable speakers, poster presenters, students, delegates and special thanks to the media partnersfor their promotion to make this event a huge success.

This4thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapybased on the themeGenomic therapies from base pairs to bedsidewhich covered the below scientific sessions like Cell and Gene Therapy: Potential Applications, Plant Stem Cell Rejuvenation, Plant Stem Cells: Human Therapeutics, Stem Cell Therapies, Cellular Therapies, Advanced Gene Therapeutics, Molecular basis of epigenetics, Cancer Therapies, Nano-Therapy, Bioengineering Therapeutics, Clinical Trials and Research in Cell and Gene Therapies, Regulatory and Ethical Issues of Therapies.

The conference was greeted by the conference Moderator:Dr. Andrei Laikhter,Chemgenes Corporation, USA. The support was extended by the Keynote Speaker:Dr. James Koropatnic,Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University;Dr. Anelia Atanassova,BioGlobaX Inc., Canada;Dr. Noriyuki Kasahara,University of Miami, USA;Dr. Robert Hawkins,The Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, UK andDr. Paul L. Hermonat, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, USA

OMICSInternationalacknowledges the support of below Chairs and Co-chairs with whom we were able to run the scientific sessions smoothly it included:Dr. Ajan Reginald,Cell Therapy Limited, UK;Dr. Andrei Laikhter,Chemgenes Corporation, USA;Dr. Vasiliki Kalodimou,IASO Maternity Hospital, Greece;Dr. Geeta Shroff,Nutech Medicworld, India;Dr. Nady Golestaneh,Georgetown University School of Medicine, USA;Dr. James Koropatnick,Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University, Canada;Dr. Robert Hawkins,Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, UK.

This4thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapywas uplifted with more than 32 oral presentations by researchers, scientists, professors, industry delegates and more than 15 poster participants around the globe. OMICS International has taken the privilege of felicitating Cell Therapy-2015 Organizing Committee Members, Editorial Board Members of the supported Journals and Keynote Speakers who supported for the success of this event.

With the enormous feedback from the participants and supporters 4thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapy,OMICS International Conferencesis glad to announce its5thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapy(Cell Therapy-2016) event from May 19-21, 2016 at San Antonio, USA

- See more at: http://cellgenetherapy.conferenceseries.com/#sthash.npJGo7Qv.dpuf

OMICS International Conferencessuccessfully hosted its premier4thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Cell & Gene Therapyduring August 10-12, 2015 at Crowne Plaza London-Heathrow, London, United Kingdom.

The conference brought together a comprehensive range of the cell and gene therapy researchers, educators from research universities as well as representatives from industry and professional cell and gene therapy societies.

Cell Therapy-2015is known for uplifting the future of cell and gene therapy and its allied areas by encouraging students and fellow researchers to present their work through poster presentations and young research forum. Students participated with great zeal and the best posters were awarded for their efforts and outstanding contribution to the cell and gene therapy research.

OMICS InternationalConferenceswishes to acknowledge with its deep sincere gratitude to all the supporters from the Editorial Board Members of our Open Access Journals, Keynote speakers, Honorable guests, valuable speakers, poster presenters, students, delegates and special thanks to the media partnersfor their promotion to make this event a huge success.

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Clinical Genetics Congress | Clinical Genetics 2016 ...

Nikhat Parveen, Ph.D. Associate Professor Office: ICPH-E350T Tel: 973-972-5218 Lab: ICPH-E-310N.1 Tel: 973-972-4437

Email: parveeni@njms.rutgers.edu

My laboratory is studying the molecular basis of pathogenesis of bacterial species, Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These clinically important bacterial pathogens are transmitted to humans using different mechanisms and also show different disease manifestations. B. burgdorferi is transmitted by Ixodes tick vector, T. pallidum by sexual contact and P. aeruginosa, a ubiquitously present organism, is transmitted through ventilation or by direct contact of the patient with the contaminated source.

B. burgdorferi, a spirochete, is causative agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic illness that affects various organs including joints, heart, nervous system and skin. If untreated, it may result in chronic disease with the symptoms including arthritis, acrodermatitis or neuroborreliosis. It is an extracellular pathogen often found adhering to the host cells in the biopsy specimens of the patients. We have been studying the molecular mechanisms involved in the attachment of Lyme disease spirochetes to a variety of host cells. The specific interaction between the spirochete and host cells may be responsible for the tissue tropism exhibited by B. burgdorferi. Our objective is to understand whether different B.burgdorferi adhesins show affinity for different host receptors on various host cells. We use genetics, biochemical techniques and tissue culture system to identify and characterize the bacterial and host molecules involved in this interaction in vitro. We have already identified two types of glycosaminoglycan receptors on mammalian cells that are recognized by several B. burgdorferi proteins and we are further characterizing this interaction. Mouse is a natural host of B. burgdorferi and C3H mice show several manifestations of Lyme disease observed in humans. We have recently adapted firefly luciferase-based detection system for B. burgdorferi. Using a combination of bioluminescent B. burgdorferi and mouse model of infection, we will further analyze the contribution of each bacterial ligand-host receptor interaction in Lyme pathogenesis. Tissue colonization by the spirochetes will be monitored non-invasively by employing in vivo imaging system. Recently, we have initiated studies to understand molecular basis of T. pallidum pathogenesis using this as a surrogate system.

P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and produces a wide variety of virulence factors. It results in a variety of illnesses and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and elderly patients. Due to a highly adaptable nature of P. aeruginosa and its ability to survive even in detergents, it is a major contributor to infections in the hospital environment. We have been studying the quorum-sensing mediated induction of several virulence factors in this organism both as free-living organism and in association with its different hosts. We will assess the role of selected virulence factors in biofilm formation while P. aeruginosa is present in communities along with the other organisms. Our current focus is to investigate genetics of production and regulation of PrpL protease and pyocyanin pigment of P. aeruginosa and examine the roles of these virulence factors in tissue destruction. The roles of these two virulence factors in corneal damage, in burn wounds and in the cystic fibrosis patients will then be examined.

1988-1991 Scientist at IARI, New Delhi and Investigator in Indo-US Bilateral Program

1991-1995 Ph.D. in Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI

1996-Nov.00 Postdoctoral Fellow, mentor: John Leong, Univ. Mass. Med. School, MA

2000-May 05 Research Assistant Professor, Univ. Mass. Med. School, MA

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Microbiology & Molecular Genetics - Rutgers New Jersey ...

Jeffrey M. Friedman Professor; Investigator, HHMI

The application of modern methods in genetics has led to the identification of a new hormone, leptin, that regulates body weight. Leptin is an adipose tissue hormone that interacts with receptors in the brain to regulate food intake, energy expenditure and other neuroendocrine systems. The molecular mechanisms of leptin in the brain are under investigation. These studies are being conducted in parallel with efforts to identify obesity genes in the human.

1995 Amgen Inc.

Although the physiological regulation of body weight and appetite has been strongly suggested by experimental evidence, the elucidation of the relevant molecular mechanisms has proven difficult. The possible role of a brain-gut peptide, cholecystokinin (CCK), in these processes was the initial subject of investigation in this laboratory. CCK has been extensively evaluated as a possible satiety factor. CCK is secreted as a 33 amino acid peptide from endocrine cells in the jejeunum where it is released in response to nutrient in the intestinal lumen. The same CCK precursor is posttranslationally processed to an 8 amino acid peptide in brain. The single copy CCK gene is differentially regulated in brain and intestine during development and expressed ectopically in a class of primitive neuronal tumors3-6. The physiological role of CCK in controlling appetite is unclear. In 1973 Smith and Gibbs showed that injections of CCK reduce food intake in food deprived rodents. In addition, the levels of brain CCK were reported by Straus et al to be low in genetically obese (ob) mice8. However, nonpeptide CCK antagonists developed by Squibb and other pharmaceutical companies do not affect food intake and body weight in the long term9. Moreover, overexpression of CCK in transgenic mice did not affect food intake or body weight (unpublished data). Genetic mapping of the CCK gene to mouse chromosome 9 excluded it as being etiologic in any of the inherited rodent obesity syndromes10. These data raised the question as to the molecular basis of the phenotype in genetically obese (ob) and diabetic (db) mice.

Mutations in the mouse ob and db genes result in obesity and diabetes in a syndrome resembling morbid human obesity11, 12. Coleman, using the method of parabiosis, predicted that the ob gene encoded a novel hormone and that the db gene encoded its receptor11. Recent data from this laboratory are consistent with this hypothesis. The ob gene was identified by positional cloning and found to encode a 4.5 kB RNA expressed exclusively in adipocytes13-16. The ob gene product, known as LEPTIN, circulates as a 16 kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but is undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice17. Plasma levels of this protein are increased in diabetic (db ) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob17. The levels of protein are also increased in several other genetic and environmentally induced forms of rodent obesity including mice with lesions in the hypothalamus16. Daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant mouse leptin reduced body weight of ob/ob mice by 30% at 2 weeks and by 40 % after four weeks but had no effect on db/db mice17. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12% weight loss, decreased food intake and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7%. Recombinant human leptin reduced body weight with equivalent potency to mouse leptin when injected into ob mice17. In human, the plasma level of leptin correlated with body mass index (BMI) and % body fat18. However at a given BMI, there was significant variability in the leptin level. In all cases analyzed weight loss in human was associated with a decrease in plasma leptin concentration18. These data suggest that leptin serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores. In most instances, obesity is associated with an apparent decrease in sensitivity to endogenous leptin resulting in a compensatory increase in adipocyte mass. However, in a subset of cases human obesity appears to result from subnormal leptin secretion18-20.

The complete insensitivity of db mice to leptin and the identical phenotype of ob and db mice suggested that the db locus encodes the leptin receptor 11, 17. The db gene was localized to a 300 kB interval on mouse chromosome 419-21. Exon trapping and cDNA selection identified a candidate gene in this region. This candidate was found to be identical to a receptor (ob-R) which was functionally cloned from choroid plexus21, 22. However, because this receptor was normal in db mice, the possibility was raised that the db mutation affected an alternatively spliced form. The Ob-R gene was found to encode at least five alternatively spliced forms 21. One of the splice variants is expressed at a high level in the hypothalamus and at a lower level in other tissues. This transcript is mutant in C57BL/Ks db/db mice21. The mutation is the result of abnormal splicing leading to a 106 bp insertion into the 3' end of its RNA. The mutant protein is missing the cytoplasmic region and is likely to be defective in signal transduction. A nonsense mutation in facp rats, a rat equivalent of db, leads to premature termination NH2-terminal of the transmembrane domain (unpublished data). These data suggest that the weight reducing effects of leptin are mediated by signal transduction through a receptor in the hypothalamus and elsewhere.

Further studies have revealed that the Stat3 transcription factor is activated specifically in hypothalamus within 15 minutes of a single injection of leptin in ob and wild type but not in db mice23. In situ hybridization indicates that Ob-Rb is expressed in three different hypothalamic regions: the arcuate, ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei (in preparation). Lesions of each of these nuclei are known to affect body weight regulation. Further characterization of the neurons in these brain regions and their connections will have important implications for our understanding of leptin's actions and the molecular mechanisms regulating body weight.

Advances in genetics make it possible to identify human disease genes. The implementation of a genetic approach to the study of obesity will help establish whether the human ob or db genes account for genetic forms of obesity and also lead to the identification or validation of other candidate genes. Such studies require that large numbers of families be collected in which the trait of interest is inherited.

In order to implement this approach for the study of obesity, this laboratory has developed a collaboration with the Department of Health on the island of Kosrae in Micronesia. The citizens of this island have a high incidence of obesity, the basis of which is not understood. The Kosraen population is highly admixed between Micronesian and Caucasian ancestors, a fact that facilitates genetic analysis. A study has now been completed in which the entire adult population of Kosrae over twenty years of age, ~2500 individuals, has had a complete medical workup including measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and glucose levels. In addition, measurements of serum insulin, and eventually leptin, will be made. Measurements of serum cholesterol, and triglycerides have already been completed by Dr. Jan Breslows laboratory at Rockefeller University. In collaboration with the Stoffel laboratory, DNA has been isolated from each individual as well as information about the identity and medical status of other family members. To date
, all 2500 DNA samples have been processed ad genetic analyses have begun. The availability of a complete clinical profile on an entire population, combined with modern methods in genetics should make it possible to establish the possible relationship of genetic variation at the human ob and db genes to human obesity. In addition, a highly admixed population provides an opportunity to identify additional loci that affect the control of body weight, as well as the medical problems that are often associated with obesity such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease.

Future studies will also focus on the physiologic effects of leptin. These include studies of leptin's effects on lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and insulin action. Available data suggest that neurons in the hypothalamus are a principle target of leptin actin. Studies to establish the neurotransmitter profile and projection of Ob-Rb positive neurons have begun. Analysis of the electrophysiologic effects of leptin on these cells will proceed simultaneously. Efforts to produce a higher activity version of leptin are also underway in studies of the structure function relationship of leptin and its receptors (collaborative with the Burley laboratory).

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The Rockefeller University Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Molecular evolution is a change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution concern the rates and impacts of single nucleotide changes, neutral evolution vs. natural selection, origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of speciation, evolution of development, and ways that evolutionary forces influence genomic and phenotypic changes.

The content and structure of a genome is the product of the molecular and population genetic forces which act upon that genome. Novel genetic variants will arise through mutation and will spread and be maintained in populations due to genetic drift or natural selection.

Mutations are permanent, transmissible changes to the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a cell or virus. Mutations result from errors in DNA replication during cell division and by exposure to radiation, chemicals, and other environmental stressors, or viruses and transposable elements. Most mutations that occur are single nucleotide polymorphisms which modify single bases of the DNA sequence. Other types of mutations modify larger segments of DNA and can cause duplications, insertions, deletions, inversions, and translocations.

Most organisms display a strong bias in the types of mutations that occur with strong influence in GC-content. Transitions (A G or C T) are more common than transversions (purine pyrimidine)[1] and are less likely to alter amino acid sequences of proteins.

Mutations are stochastic and typically occur randomly across genes. Mutation rates for single nucleotide sites for most organisms are very low, roughly 109 to 108 per site per generation, though some viruses have higher mutation rates on the order of 106 per site per generation. Among these mutations, some will be neutral or beneficial and will remain in the genome unless lost via Genetic drift, and others will be detrimental and will be eliminated from the genome by natural selection.

Because mutations are extremely rare, they accumulate very slowly across generations. While the number of mutations which appears in any single generation may vary, over very long time periods they will appear to accumulate at a regular pace. Using the mutation rate per generation and the number of nucleotide differences between two sequences, divergence times can be estimated effectively via the molecular clock.

Recombination is a process that results in genetic exchange between chromosomes or chromosomal regions. Recombination counteracts physical linkage between adjacent genes, thereby reducing genetic hitchhiking. The resulting independent inheritance of genes results in more efficient selection, meaning that regions with higher recombination will harbor fewer detrimental mutations, more selectively favored variants, and fewer errors in replication and repair. Recombination can also generate particular types of mutations if chromosomes are misaligned.

Gene conversion is a type of recombination that is the product of DNA repair where nucleotide damage is corrected using orthologous genomic regions as a template. Damaged bases are first excised, the damaged strand is then aligned with an undamaged homolog, and DNA synthesis repairs the excised region using the undamaged strand as a guide. Gene conversion is often responsible for homogenizing sequence of duplicate genes over long time periods, reducing nucleotide divergence.

Genetic drift is the change of allele frequencies from one generation to the next due to stochastic effects of random sampling in finite populations. Some existing variants have no effect on fitness and may increase or decrease in frequency simply due to chance. "Nearly neutral" variants whose selection coefficient is close to a threshold value of 1 / the effective population size will also be affected by chance as well as by selection and mutation. Many genomic features have been ascribed to accumulation of nearly neutral detrimental mutations as a result of small effective population sizes.[2] With a smaller effective population size, a larger variety of mutations will behave as if they are neutral due to inefficiency of selection.

Selection occurs when organisms with greater fitness, i.e. greater ability to survive or reproduce, are favored in subsequent generations, thereby increasing the instance of underlying genetic variants in a population. Selection can be the product of natural selection, artificial selection, or sexual selection. Natural selection is any selective process that occurs due to the fitness of an organism to its environment. In contrast sexual selection is a product of mate choice and can favor the spread of genetic variants which act counter to natural selection but increase desirability to the opposite sex or increase mating success. Artificial selection, also known as selective breeding, is imposed by an outside entity, typically humans, in order to increase the frequency of desired traits.

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Molecular evolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dr. Jeffrey Noebels, professor of neurology and molecular and human genetics, is leading a new research center of international scientists who seek to answer questions that arise from the mystery of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

While you may have tuned into the Grammy awards this month, a smaller group waited at their keyboard to see who would win the 2015 Lab Grammy for Education Video and Song Parody Video of the year awarded by BioTechniques.

What drives innovation? For Dr. Trey Westbrook its a personal mission to find new treatments for invasive breast cancer. His work focuses on the genetic mechanisms and key targets for treating triple-negative breast cancer.

Immigrants make the journey to the United States for a number of reasons. For physician and medical researcher Huda Zoghbi, her journey began with a dangerous war that left her no choice. Growing up in Beirut, Lebanon, Huda could not have been any happier. The citys peaceful and vibrant atmosphere in the 1970s was inviting Continue reading

This feature is part of an ongoingseriesthat focuses on VIICTR.org, highlighting clinical and translational research at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Christian Schaaf wants to identify the underlying cause of high-functioning autism. Schaaf, physician-scientist, is an assistant professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine and a member of the Jan and Continue reading

Baylor College of Medicines genetics program continues to break barriers in diagnosing rare diseases through the use of advanced genome testing. Often the diagnosis is just the starting point for researchers, uncovering a rare disease where little is known and funding to study it is scarce or nonexistent. One family who has benefitted from Baylors Continue reading

Clinicians and scientists from Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens Hospital will become part of a new national network joining forces to address prolonged undiagnosed medical conditions, through the National Institutes of Healths Undiagnosed Diseases Network. It was established to help address the most rare and difficult-to-solve medical cases from around the country and Continue reading

The study of genetics had a different look 50 years ago, and so did the researchers. This Throwback Thursday we take a look back in the careers of Dr. Thomas Caskey, professor of molecular and human genetics, and Dr. Art Beaudet, the Henry and Emma Meyer Chair in theDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, through Continue reading

When some professors prepare to step down as chair of a department there can be luncheons, speeches and plaques. For Dr. Arthur Beaudet, the Henry and Emma Meyer Chair in Molecular Genetics Professor and chair of theDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, there is singing and cup choreography, too. A riff on the popular Cups Continue reading

Our remarkable faculty received accolades over the past year for their professional achievements, research findings and contributions to medicine and science. Take a look back of the researchers, the awards and other events that happened during 2013. Dr. Kline receives Humanitarian Award Internationally recognized HIV/AIDS specialist, Dr. Mark Kline was honored in April by the Continue reading

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molecular and human genetics | Momentum - The Baylor ...

a branch of genetics and molecular biology concerned with learning the material bases of heredity and variation in living things by investigating on the subcellular molecular level the processes of the transmission, materialization, and alteration of genetic information and the methods of storing that information.

Molecular genetics became an independent discipline in the 1940s as a result of the application of new physical and chemical methods to biology (X-ray diffraction analysis, chromatography, electrophoresis, high-speed centrifugation, electron microscopy, the use of radioactive isotopes). These methods made possible a deeper and more accurate study of the structures and functions of individual cell components and of the entire cell as a unified system. In addition, new ideas from chemistry, physics, mathematics, and cybernetics were introduced into biology. Molecular genetics to a large extent owes its rapid development to the transfer of the focus of genetic research from higher organisms (eucaryotes)the principal subjects of classical geneticsto lower organisms (procaryotes)bacteria, viruses, and many other microorganisms. The advantages of using simpler forms of life to solve genetic problems consist in the rapid succession of generations in these forms and the possibility of studying numerous individuals simultaneously; this leads to an increase in the resolving power and accuracy of genetic analysis. In addition, the relative simplicity of organization of bacteria, especially of viruses, facilitates elucidation of the molecular nature of genetic phenomena. The opinion sometimes expressed that molecular genetics and the genetics of microorganisms are one and the same is erroneous. Molecular genetics studies the molecular bases of genetic processes in both lower and higher organisms and does not include the specific genetics of procaryotes, which occupies a prominent place in the genetics of microorganisms.

During its short history, molecular genetics has made great strides, deepening and broadening our knowledge of the nature of heredity and variation; it has become the leading and most rapidly developing branch of genetics.

One of the main achievements of molecular genetics is the elucidation of the chemical nature of the gene. Classical genetics established that all hereditary potentials of organisms (their genetic information) are determined by discrete units of heredity called genes, which are located mainly in the chromosomes of the cell nucleus and in some organelles of the cytoplasm (plastids, mitochondria). However, the methods of classical genetics were unable to elucidate the chemical nature of the genes, which was noted as far back as 1928 by the outstanding Soviet biologist N. K. Koltsov, who substantiated the necessity of studying the mechanism of heredity on the molecular level. The first success in this area was achieved with the study of genetic transformation in bacteria. In 1944 the American scientist O. T. Avery and his associates discovered that hereditary characteristics of one type of pneumococcus could be transmitted to another, genetically different type by introducing into its cells the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) obtained from the first type. Subsequently, a similar genetic transformation by means of DNA was accomplished in other bacteria and recently in some multicellular organisms (flowering plants and insects).

Thus, it was shown that the genes consist of DNA. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments with DNA-containing viruses: it is sufficient to inject molecules of viral DNA into the cell of a susceptible host to cause the virus to reproduce; all the other components of the virus (proteins, lipides) lack infectious properties and are genetically inert. Similar experiments with viruses containing ribonucleic acid (RNA) instead of DNA have shown that the genes in these viruses consist of RNA. Clarification of the genetic roles of DNA and RNA served as a powerful stimulus to the study of nucleic acids by biochemical, physico-chemical, and X-ray diffraction methods.

In 1953 the American scientist J. Watson and the British scientist F. Crick proposed a model of the structure of DNA, hypothesizing that its gigantic molecules consist of a double helix made up of a pair of strands formed by nucleotides, arranged aperiodically but in a definite sequence. Each nucleotide of one strand is paired with an oppositely situated nucleotide of the other strand according to the rule of complementarity. Numerous experimental data have confirmed the Watson-Crick model. Somewhat later it was established that the molecules of various RNAs have an analogous structure but that they consist for the most part of a single polynucleotide strand. Later research, in which chemical and physicochemical methods were combined with precise genetic methods (for example, the use of various mutants and the phenomena of transduction and transformation) showed that different genes differ in the number of nucleotide pairs (from several dozens to 1,500 or more), as well as in the sequence of nucleotides, which is strictly determined for each gene and in which the genetic information is encoded. Genes consisting of RNAin viruses of the RNA-typehave a fundamentally similar structure.

Classical genetics regarded the gene as a discrete and indivisible unit of heredity. The works of A. S. Serebrovskii and his students in the 1930s, which first suggested the possibility of the divisibility of the gene, were of great significance in the reexamination of that concept. However, the resolving power of the methods of classical genetics was inadequate for the study of the fine structure of the gene. It was only with the development of molecular genetics in the 1950s and 1960s that it became possible to solve this problem. Through many studies, first conducted on bacteria and viruses and then on multicellular organisms, it became clear that the gene has a complex structure: it consists of tens or hundreds of sectionssiteswhich are capable of mutating and recombining independently. The limit of divisibility of a gene, and consequently the minimal size of a site, is one pair of nucleotides (in viruses containing one RNA strand, one nucleotide). Determination of the fine structure of genes has made possible a deeper insight into the mechanism of genetic recombination and the principles of the origin of gene mutations; it has also promoted elucidation of the mechanism of gene function.

Data on the chemical nature and fine structure of genes have made it possible to develop methods of isolating them. This was first done in 1969 by the American scientist J. Beckwith and his associates for one of the genes of Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the same was successfully accomplished in some higher organisms (amphibians). An even more significant achievement of molecular genetics was the first chemical synthesis of a gene (the one that encodes the alanine transfer RNA of yeasts), accomplished by H. Khorana in 1968. Studies of this kind are being conducted throughout the world. The latest biochemical methods, based on the phenomenon of reverse transcription( see below), have been successfully used for the extracellular synthesis of larger genes. Using these methods, S. Spiegelman, D. Baltimore, P. Leder, and their associates (USA) have made great progress in artificially synthesizing the genes that determine protein structure in hemoglobin molecules of rabbits and humans. Similar studies have recently been conducted elsewhere, including the USSR.

Thus, molecular genetics has already explained, in theory, how genetic information received by offspring from parents
is recorded and stored, although much work is still required to decipher the detailed content of that information for each individual gene.

Determination of the DNA structure has paved the way for experimental investigation of the biosynthesis of DNA molecules that is, their replication. The process of DNA replication is the basis for the transfer of genetic information from cell to cell and from generation to generationthat is, it determines the relative constancy of genes. Study of DNA replication has led to the important conclusion of the template nature of DNA biosynthesis: in order for biosynthesis to take place, the presence of a completed DNA molecule is necessary, upon which, as on a template, the new DNA molecules are synthesized. In this process, the double helix of DNA unwinds, and on each of its strands a new, complementary strand is synthesized; as a result, the daughter DNA molecules consist of one old and one new strand (semiconservative replication). The protein that induces unwinding of the double helix of DNA and the enzymes that carry out the biosynthesis of nucleotides and their linkage have been identified. Undoubtedly, there are mechanisms in the cell that regulate DNA synthesis. The means of such regulation are still largely unclear, but it is evident that regulation is largely determined by genetic factors.

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Molecular Genetics definition of Molecular Genetics in the ...

Job Code: 41195

Location: Rtp, NC

Category: Lab Jobs

The position requires a Ph.D. in Genetics or a related field, ABMG certification or active candidate status in Clinical Molecular Genetics.

Job Description:

LabCorp is seeking a Clinical Molecular Geneticist (title dependent on experience) to join a team of directors in our Molecular Genetics Laboratory at the Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology (CMBP) located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The laboratory is a state-of-the-art, high throughput molecular facility. The directors oversee a diverse menu of targeted mutation and sequencing analyses, including whole exome sequencing and non-invasive prenatal testing. The laboratory works in close concert with cytogenetics, molecular oncology, and biochemical genetics at CMBP and is supported by a team of genetic counselors. The position requires a Ph.D. in Genetics or a related field. ABMG (or equivalent) certification or active candidate status is required in Clinical Molecular Genetics.

About LabCorp

Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, an S&P 500 company, is a pioneer in commercializing new diagnostic technologies and the first in its industry to embrace genomic testing. With annual revenues of $5.8 billion in 2013, over 34,000 employees worldwide, and more than 220,000 clients, LabCorp offers more than 4,000 tests ranging from routine blood analyses to reproductive genetics to companion diagnostics. LabCorp furthers its scientific expertise and innovative clinical testing technology through its LabCorp Specialty Testing Group: The Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Genetics Institute, ViroMed Laboratories, Inc, The Center for Esoteric Testing, Litholink Corporation, Integrated Genetics, Integrated Oncology, Dianon Pathology, Monogram Biosciences, Inc, Colorado Coagulation, Cellmark Forensics, MedTox, and Endocrine Sciences. LabCorp conducts clinical trials testing through its LabCorp Clinical Trials division. LabCorp clients include physicians, government agencies, managed care organizations, hospitals, clinical labs, and pharmaceutical companies. To learn more about our organization, visit our website at: http://www.labcorp.com.

The 7,000-acre Research Triangle Park is the largest research park in the United States, and is home to over 140 organizations (Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Healthcare, and Information Technology / Telecommunications) and has around 45,000 full time employees entering the Park each day. The Research Triangle itself is named for the Triangle formed by the three universities: Duke University at Durham, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University in Raleigh.

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Director Molecular Genetics jobs in Rtp at LabCorp

The newly identified gene is found in modern-day humans, Neandertals and Denisovans, but not in chimps

New research suggests that a single gene may be responsible for the large number of neurons found uniquely in the human brain. When this gene was inserted in the brain of a mouse embryo (shown here), it induced the formation of many more neurons (stained red). The extra neurons led to the formation of characteristic convolutions that the human brain uses to pack so much brain tissue into a small space (convolutions shown on the right). Credit: Marta Florio and Wieland B. Huttner, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics

A single gene may have paved the way for the rise of human intelligence by dramatically increasing the number of brain cells found in a key brain region.

This gene seems to be uniquely human: It is found in modern-day humans, Neanderthals and another branch of extinct humans called Denisovans, but not in chimpanzees.

By allowing the brain region called the neocortex to contain many more neurons, the tiny snippet of DNA may have laid the foundation for the human brain's massive expansion.

"It is so cool that one tiny gene alone may suffice to affect the phenotype of the stem cells, which contributed the most to the expansion of the neocortex," said study lead author Marta Florio, a doctoral candidate in molecular and cellular biology and genetics at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany. Still, it's likely this gene is just one of many genetic changes that make human cognition special, Florio said.

An expanding brain

The evolution from primitive apes to humans with complex language and culture has taken millions of years. Some 3.8 million ago, Australopithecus afarensis, the species typified by the iconic early human ancestor fossil Lucy, had a brain that was less than 30 cubic inches (500 cubic centimeters) in volume, or about a third the size of the modern human brain. By about 1.8 million years ago, Homo erectus was equipped with a brain that was roughly twice as big as that of Australopithecus. H. erectus also showed evidence of tool and fire use and more complex social groups.

Once anatomically modern humans, and their lost cousins the Neanderthals and Denisovans, arrived on the scene, the brain had expanded to roughly 85 cubic inches (1.4 liters) in volume. Most of this growth occurred in a brain region called the neocortex.

"The neocortex is so interesting because that's the seat of cognitive abilities, which, in a way, make us human like language and logical thinking," Florio told Live Science.

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"Big Brain" Gene Allowed for Evolutionary Expansion of Human Neocortex

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BETHESDA, MD Over 1,500 scientists from 30 countries and 46 states will attend next week's 56th Annual Drosophila Research Conference organized by the Genetics Society of America (GSA), March 48 in Chicago, IL. The conference will feature close to 1,000 presentations (including 170 talks) describing cutting-edge research on genetics, developmental biology, cancer, stem cells, neurology, epigenetics, genetic disease, aging, immunity, behavior, drug discovery, and technology. It is the largest meeting in the world that brings together researchers who use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to study biology.

Of special note are scientists whose achievements in genetics are being honored through awards and special lectures:

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most versatile and widely used model organisms applied to the study of genetics, physiology, and evolution. Drosophila research has led to some of the most significant breakthroughs in our understanding of biology, including five Nobel prizes. It is an effective system for studying a range of human genetic diseases, ranging from cancer to diabetes to neurodegenerative disorders. Fruit flies are a valuable resource for biomedical research because of the efficiency and cost-effectiveness with which comprehensive, sensitive, and accurate biological data can be generated. Research presented at the Drosophila conference, like that at other GSA conferences, helps advance our fundamental understanding of living systems and provides crucial insight into human biology, health and disease.

The conference will take place at the Sheraton Chicago Hotel & Towers at 301 East North Water Street. The organizers include Gregory J. Beitel, PhD (Northwestern University), Michael Eisen (University of California, Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute), Marc Freeman (University of Massachusetts Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute), and Ilaria Rebay (University of Chicago). For additional information, please see the conference website athttp://www.genetics-gsa.org/drosophila/2015/.

More information on the importance of Drosophila research: Fruit Flies in Biomedical Research. Michael F. Wangler, Shinya Yamamoto, and Hugo J. Bellen.GeneticsEarly online January 26, 2015

MediaEligibility: The 2015 Drosophila Research Conference is open to media representatives, including those frombona fide print, broadcast, radio, and online venues, and freelance writers on a verifiable assignment from an established news source. Please contactpress@genetics-gsa.orgfor information about complimentary press registration.

* * * About the Genetics Society of America (GSA) Founded in 1931, the Genetics Society of America (GSA) is the professional scientific society for genetics researchers and educators. The Societys more than 5,000 members worldwide work to deepen our understanding of the living world by advancing the field of genetics, from the molecular to the population level. GSA promotes research and fosters communication through a number of GSA-sponsored conferences including regular meetings that focus on particular model organisms. GSA publishes two peer-reviewed, peer-edited scholarly journals: GENETICS, which has published high quality original research across the breadth of the field since 1916, and G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, an open-access journal launched in 2011 to disseminate high quality foundational research in genetics and genomics. The Society also has a deep commitment to education and fostering the next generation of scholars in the field. For more information about GSA, please visit http://www.genetics-gsa.org.

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Books Provide Essential Information for Researchers and Students in Molecular Microbiology, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Immunology, Genetics, Virology and Biochemistry

WALTHAM, MA--(Marketwired - November 13, 2014) - Elsevier, a world-leading provider of scientific, technical and medical information products and services, today announced the publication of four new microbiology books. These include the second edition of the three-volume reference book Molecular Medical Microbiology edited by Drs. Yi-Wei Tang, Max Sussman, Ian Poxton, Dongyou Liu and Joseph Schwartzman. It is the first book to synthesize the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research into a single comprehensive resource.

Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines, the new edition of Molecular Medical Microbiology presents a timely discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach. Chapters include cutting-edge information and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Lead editor Dr. Tang is the Chief of the Clinical Microbiology Service at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. He is an Editor for the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, an Associate Editor for Elsevier's Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, and a Fellow of the American Academy for Microbiology and of the Infectious Disease Society of America.

Also among the new titles is the second edition of Molecular Biology of B Cells, edited by a prize-winning team that includes Prof. Dr. Michael Reth, who was awarded in 2014 the prestigious Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize for investigations in medicine. Dr. Reth was honored for his outstanding achievements in the field of antibody research. He demonstrated how the immune system's B cells are activated and induced to produce antibodies, thereby helping to decode the molecular bases of Paul Ehrlich's famous side-chain theory. He is currently a professor for molecular immunology at the Institute of Biology III of the University of Freiburg and scientific director of the Cluster of Excellence BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies.

The new microbiology books, published under the Academic Press imprint, are:

The books are available on the Elsevier Store and on ScienceDirect, Elsevier's full-text scientific database offering journal articles and book chapters from over 2,200 peer-reviewed journals and more than 25,000 book titles.

Notes for EditorsReview copies of the books are available to credentialed journalists upon request. Contact Michelle McMahon at m.mcmahon.1@elsevier.com or +1 781 663 2268.

About ElsevierElsevier is a world-leading provider of information solutions that enhance the performance of science, health, and technology professionals, empowering them to make better decisions, deliver better care, and sometimes make groundbreaking discoveries that advance the boundaries of knowledge and human progress. Elsevier providesweb-based, digital solutions -- among them ScienceDirect, Scopus, Elsevier Research Intelligence, and ClinicalKey -- and publishes over 2,200 journals, including The Lancet and Cell, and over 25,000 book titles, including a number of iconic reference works.

The company is part of Reed Elsevier Group PLC, a world leading provider of professional information solutions in the Science, Medical, Legal and Risk and Business sectors, which is jointly owned by Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. The ticker symbols are (EURONEXT AMSTERDAM: REN), (LSE: REL), (NYSE: RUK) and (NYSE: ENL).

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Elsevier Publishes Four New Books in Microbiology Portfolio