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3rd ,International Conference and Exhibition on Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery March 13-14, 2019 Singapore

Conference Series LLC Ltd is a renowned organization that organizes highly notablePharmaceutical Conferencesthroughout the globe. Currently we are bringing forth3rdInternational Conference on Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery(NanoDelivery 2019) scheduled to be held duringMarch 13-14, 2019 at Singapore. The conferenceinvites all the participants across the globe to attend and share their insights and convey recent developments in the field of Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery.

Conference Series LLC Ltdorganizes 1000+ Global Events inclusive of 1000+ Conferences, 500+ Upcoming and Previous Symposiums and Workshops in USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientificsocietiesand publishes 700+Open access Journalswhich contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.

2019 Highlights:

Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery will account for 40% of a $136 billion nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery market by 2021. We forecast the total market size in 2021 to be US$136 billion, with a 60/40 split between Nano medicine and Drug Delivery respectively, although developing new targeted delivery mechanisms may allow more value to be created for companies and entrepreneurs.

However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to grow at a faster CAGR owing to presence of high unmet healthcare needs, research collaborations and increase in nanomedicine research funding in emerging economies such as Singapore, Japan, China, India and other economies in the region. Singapore is expected to surpass the United States in terms of nanotechnology funding in the near future, which indicates the growth offered by this region.This conference seeks to showcase work in the area of Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery Systems, and nanotechnology, Nanobiothechnology, particularly related to drug delivery.

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Nanomedicine and drugdelivery can address one of the greatest challenges in the post-genomic era of the 21st century making the essential connections between Academics and industry professionals.

To meet these challenges, the field of Nanomedicine and drugdelivery has undergone exponential growth during the last 5 years. Technologies such asPersonalized Nanomedicine, Design of Nanodrugs,Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery,Regenerative MedicineandTissue Engineering, Nanomedicines and Biomedical applications,Nanomaterials for drug delivery,Regulatory Aspects Towards Approval of Nanomedicine,NanoPharmaceutical, Industry and Market processing and drug delivery promise to transform the world ofAdvanced nanomedicinesanddrug deliverymuch in the same way that integrated and transformed the world of pharmaceutical sciences.

Nanodelivery 2019 has everything you need:

Open panel discussions: Providing an open forum with experts from academia and business to discuss on current challenges innanomedicineanddrug delivery, where all attendees can interact with the panel followed by a Q&A session.

Speakerandposter presentations: Providing a platform to all academicians and industry professionals to share their research thoughts and findings through a speech or a poster presentation.

Editorial board meeting: Discussing on growth and development of open access Nanomedicine and drugdelivery International Journals and recruiting board members and reviewers who can support the journal.

Round table meetings: Providing a platform where industry professionals meet academic experts.

Over 50+ organizations and international pavilions will be exhibiting at the Nanodelivery 2018 conference and Exhibition. Exhibitors will include equipment manufacturers and suppliers, systems providers, finance and investment firms, R&D companies, project developers, trade associations, and government agencies.

In addition to the products and services you will see at the Nanodelivery Exhibition, you will have access to valuable content, including Keynote Presentations, Product Demonstrations and Educational Sessions from todays industry leaders.

The Nanodelivery 2019 has everything you need, all under one roof, saving you both time and money. It is the event you cannot afford to miss!

Who's Coming to Nanodelivery 2019?

Conference Keywords

Nanomedicine:

Nanomedicineis the medical application ofnanotechnology, nanomedicineranges from the medical applicationsofnanomaterialsandbiological devices, to nanoelectronicbiosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology such asbiological machines.

Nanomedicine : Future Nanomedicine:

We can say that nanomedicine is ourfuture medicine.The usage ofNanomedicine in drug deliverycan unlock the way to cure many life threatening diseases. For examplesnanomedicine in cancer treatment,Nanomedicine for blood disorders,Nanomedicine for Lung Diseases, Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Diseases. This includesFuture aspects of Nanomedicine,nanobots,nanodrugs.

Nanomedicine research group:

This is only possible by the grace and smart work of thenanomedicine research groupfrom all over the world.Nanomedicine coursesare taught in theuniversities all over the world.They also providepostdoctoral fellowship opportunity in nanomedicine.So we can say thatfuture of nanomedicineshines brightly .

Nanomedicine Market:

Nanomedicinecan be explained as theapplication ofnanotechnologytoachieveinnovation in healthcare.Theglobal nanomedicine marketis anticipatedto reach USD 350.8 billion by2025.This includes:Scope of Nanomedicine,Novel Drugs to NanoDrugs,Nanodrugs for Herbal medicinesand Cosmetics

Nanomedicine in Cancer:

A wide range of new tools and possibilities is already achieved incancer treatments using Nanotechnology, fromdiagnosingit earlier to improvedimagingfortargeted therapies.This includes Nanomedicine for other disease,Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Diseases,Nanodrugs for Cancer Therapy

New formulations:

Nanomedicines are three-dimensional constructs of multiple components with preferred spatial arrangements for their functions.This includesNano Sized Drugs,Nanodrugs for Veterinary Therapeutics,Nanodrugs for Medical applications,Formulation and Development.

Emergence of Nanomedicines:

Extensive multidisciplinary investigation in the field ofnanomedicine nanotechnology biology and medicinehas caused the emergence of Nanomedicine as promising carriers fordeliveryof diversetherapeutic moleculesto the targeted sites. This includesNanodrugs for Cancer Therapy,Nanodrugs for Veterinary Therapeutics,Nanodrugs for Medical applications.

VLPs:

VLPsare a viruses devoid ofgenetic materialand thus they cannotreplicate.This includesNanoMedicine in HIV,Drug targeting,Nanomedicine for Cancer.

Nanocarrier :

A nanocarriers are used as atransport modulefor adrug. Commonly usednanocarriersincludemicelles,polymers,carbon-based materials,liposomesandmany more.This includesnanoparticles,nanobots,nanodrugs.

Nanomedicine-History:

It was the extensive multidisciplinary investigation in the field ofnanomedicine nanotechnologybiology and medicinethat gave rise to thefuture medicinei.e.Nanomedicine. We know that nanotechnology is a recent development inscientific research,though the development of its central concepts happened over a longer period of time.This includesNanomedicine for other disease,Nanodrugs for Herbal medicines and Cosmetics

Biomedical nanotechnology:

Biomedical nanotechnologyincludes a diverse collection of disciplines.This includesCarbon Nanotubes,BiosensorsandNanobioelectronics,Nanobiomechanics and Nanomedicine.

Drug delivery systems:

Drug deliveryis theformulations,technologies, and systems for transporting apharmaceutical compoundinside the body safely to achieve itsdesired therapeutic effect.This includesLiposomes,Versatile Polymers In Drug Deivery,Drug Development

Toxicity:

Toxicityis the measure to which a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.This includeGold Nanoparticles,Silver Nanoparticles,Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Xenobiotics:

Axenobioticis a chemical substances which is not produced naturally or expected to be found within an organism.This includesNano Micro Particles,BiosensorsandNanobioelectronics,Bio inspired materials and drug delivery

Pharmaceutical technology:

We can detect diseases at much earlier stages usingNano pharmaceuticals.Usingnanoparticles we can also design thediagnostic applicationsconventionally.This includesNanoliposome,Drug Targeting,Challenges and advances in NanoPharmaceuticals

Bioimaging:

Bioimagingare methods that non-invasively visualizebiological processesin real time.This includesImage-guided drug delivery,Imaging,Optical sensors

Imaging probe:

Molecular imaging probeis an agent used tovisualize, characterize and quantify biological processes in living systems .This includesOptical sensors,Smart Polymer Nanoparticles,NanomaterialsforImaging

Pharmaceutical compound:

The particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient can be made byPharmaceutical compounding.This includesChallenges and advances in Nano Pharmaceuticals,Nano Pharmaceuticalsfrom thebench to Scale up

Pulmonary delivery:

Pulmonary deliveryofdrughas become an attractive target and of tremendous scientific andbiomedical interestin thehealth care research.This includes Transmucosal Drug Delivery Systems, Sonophoresis Drug Delivery System, Hydrogel in Drug Delivery

Vascular disease:

Diseases of theblood Vessels can be related toVascular diseases.This includesovarian, breast cancer,kidney disease,fungal infections.

Tissue engineering:

The use of a tissue, engineering and materials methods, and suitablebiochemicalandphysicochemical factorsto improve or replacebiological tissues.This includesNeuro Regenerations,Organ fabrication,Cell-based therapies

Regenerative medicine:

Regenerative medicineis a broad field that includes tissue engineering but also incorporates onself-healing

Regenerative medicine- self healing:

Body uses its own systems, sometimes with help foreignbiological materialtorecreate cellsandrebuild tissuesand organs.This includeBiologic scaffolds,Bone Marrow Tissue Engineering,Mechanical properties of engineered tissues

Quantitative Imaging:

Quantitative imagingprovides clinicians with a more accurate picture of a disease state.This includesImage-guided drug delivery,Imaging,Optical sensors.

Tissue Sciences:

The internal organs and connective structures ofvertebrates, andcambium,xylem, andphloemin plants are made up of different types of tissue.This includesNeuro Regenerations,Bioreactor design,Bone Marrow Tissue Engineering.

Rational drug design:

Drug design, is simply the inventive process of findingnew medicationsbased on the knowledge of abiological targetThis includesNanodrugs for Cancer Therapy,Nanodrugs for Medical applications,Nano Sized Drugs

Drug target:

Biological targetcan be described as thenative proteinin the body , with modified activity by a drug resulting in a specific effect. The biological target is often referred to as a drug target.This includeDrug targeting,Image-guided drug delivery,target site

Drug resistance mechanism:

InDrug resistancethe effectiveness of amedicationis reduced such as anantimicrobialor anantineoplasticin curing a disease or condition.This includeschemotherapy,tumor-targeted drug delivery

Single molecule imaging:

Single-molecule studies may be contrasted with measurements on the bulk collection of molecules. In this individual behavior ofmoleculescannot be distinguished, and only average characteristics can be measured.This includeDrug targeting,Image-guided drug delivery,Imaging

Medicine:

Medicine can be explained as the science and practice of thediagnosis,treatment, andprevention of disease.This include Controledradical polymerization,Nanodrugs for Herbal medicinesandCosmetics,Nanomedicine for Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) Diseases.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis:

Computer-aided detection(CADe), are systems that help doctors in the interpretation ofmedical images.This includesImage-guided drug delivery,Optical sensors,BiosensorsandNanobioelectronics

Pharmacology:

Pharmacology is the study ofdrug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenousThis includesNanoliposome,Drug Targeting,Applied biopharmaceutics

Drug delivery industries:

Demand fordrug deliveryproducts in the US will rise 6.1 percent yearly to $251 billion in 2019. Parenteral products will grow the fastest, driven bymonoclonal antibodiesandpolymer-encapsulated medicines.Hormonesand central nervous system agents will lead gains by application.Pen injectorsand retractable prefillable syringes will pace devices.This includesBio Pharmaceutical Industry,Focus on Nanopharmaceuticals,Industrial Applications of Nano medicine.

Drug delivery market:

The drug delivery market is thelargest contributing applicationsegment, whereasbiomaterialsis the fastest growing application area in this market. Nanomedicine accounts for 77Marketed ProductsWorldwide, representing an Industry with an estimated market $130.9 Billion by 2016.This includesBio Pharmaceutical Industry,Focus on Nanopharmaceuticals,Industrial Applications of Nano medicine.

Nanomedicine Market Size:

Theglobal nanomedicine marketis anticipated to reach USD 350.8 billion by 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Development ofnovel nanotechnology-based drugsandtherapiesis driven by the need to develop therapies that have fewer side effects and that are morecost-effectivethantraditional therapies, in particular for cancer.This includespharmaceutical industry,Up Coming Market for Nanotechnology,Focus on Nanopharmaceuticals.

Biodegradable implants:

Biodegradable implants offer a number of financial,psychological, andclinical advantagesoverpermanent metal implants.They provide the appropriate amount of mechanical strength when necessary, and degrade at a rate similar tonew tissue formation, thereby transferring the load safely to thehealed boneand eliminating the need for an additional revision and removal operation.This includesBiologic scaffolds,Biomaterials,Bone Marrow Tissue Engineering.

Nanomedicine industry:

Expecteddevelopments in nanoroboticsowing to therise in fundingfrom thegovernment organizationsis expected to induce potential to the market.Nanorobotics engineering projectsthat are attempting totarget the cancer cellswithout affecting the surrounding tissues is anticipated to drive progress through to 2025.This includesIndustrial Applications of Nano medicine,Nanotechnology tools in Pharmaceutical R&D,Bio Pharmaceutical Industry,Focus on Nanopharmaceuticals

Nanomedicine Market Drivers:

The major drivers of the nanomedicine market include its application in varioustherapeutic areas, increasingR&D studiesabout nanorobots in this segment, andsignificant investmentsinclinical trialsby the government as well as private sector. TheOncology segmentis the majortherapeutic areafornanomedicine application, which comprised more than 35% of the total market share in 2016.This includesAn Up and Coming Market for Nanotechnology,Nanomedicine: Prospects, Risks and Regulatory Issues,Current , Future Applications and Regulatory challenges.

Nanomedicine Market trends:

Thetherapeutic areas for nanomedicineapplication areOncology,is includesCurrent , Future Applications and Regulatory challenges,Regulatory Policies.

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Top Nanomedicine Conferences|DrugDelivery meetings ...

Nanomedicine Research Journal (Abbreviation: Nanomed Res J)

is an international, open access, peer-reviewed, electronic and print quarterly publication released by the Iranian Society of Nanomedicine (ISNM). Nanomedicine Research Journal publishes original research articles, review papers, mini review papers, case reports and short communications covering a wide range of field-specific and interdisciplinary theoretical and experimental results related to applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology in medicine including, but not limited to, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prediction and prevention of diseases, tissue engineering, nano bio-sensors, functionalized carriers and targeted drug delivery systems.

* Publication process of manuscripts submitted to Nanomed Res J is free of charge.

To see Acceptance timeline Please follow the link below:

Acceptance Timeline Diagram

About the publisher

Founded in 2011 by the leading ofSchool of Advanced Technologies in medicine (SATiM),Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council, the Iranian Society of Nanomedicine (ISNM) attempts to promote and develop medical nanotechnology in Iran. For more information about the publisher, please visit us at http://isnm.ir/en/.

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Nanomedicine Research Journal

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies in 21st century. Nanotechnology is a term used when technological developments occur at 0.1 to 100 nm scale. Nano medicine is a branch of nanotechnology which involves medicine development at molecular scale for diagnosis, prevention, treatment of diseases and even regeneration of tissues and organs. Thus it helps to preserve and improve human health. Nanomedicine offers an impressive solution for various life threatening diseases such as cancer, Parkinson, Alzheimer, diabetes, orthopedic problems, diseases related to blood, lungs, neurological, and cardiovascular system.

Development of a new nenomedicine takes several years which are based on various technologies such as dendrimers, micelles, nanocrystals, fullerenes, virosome nanoparticles, nanopores, liposomes, nanorods, nanoemulsions, quantum dots, and nanorobots.

In the field of diagnosis, nanotechnology based methods are more precise, reliable and require minimum amount of biological sample which avoid considerable reduction in consumption of reagents and disposables. Apart from diagnosis, nanotechnology is more widely used in drug delivery purpose due to nanoscale particles with larger surface to volume ratio than micro and macro size particle responsible for higher drug loading. Nano size products allow to enter into body cavities for diagnosis or treatment with minimum invasiveness and increased bioavailability. This will not only improve the efficacy of treatment and diagnosis, but also reduces the side effects of drugs in case of targeted therapy.

Global nanomedicine market is majorly segmented on the basis of applications in medicines, targeted disease and geography. Applications segment includes drug delivery (carrier), drugs, biomaterials, active implant, in-vitro diagnostic, and in-vivo imaging. Global nanomedicine divided on the basis of targeted diseases or disorders in following segment: neurology, cardiovascular, oncology, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and others. Geographically, nanomedicine market is classified into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and MEA. Considering nanomedicine market by application, drug delivery contribute higher followed by in-vitro diagnostics. Global nanomedicine market was dominated by oncology segment in 2012 due to ability of nanomedicine to cross body barriers and targeted to tumors specifically however cardiovascular nanomedicine market is fastest growing segment. Geographically, North America dominated the market in 2013 and is expected to maintain its position in the near future. Asia Pacific market is anticipated to grow at faster rate due to rapid increase in geriatric population and rising awareness regarding health care. Europe is expected to grow at faster rate than North America due to extensive product pipeline portfolio and constantly improving regulatory framework.

A Sample of this Report is Available Upon Request @http://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/samples/6370

Major drivers for nanomedicine market include improved regulatory framework, increasing technological know-how and research funding, rising government support and continuous increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, kidney disorder, and orthopedic diseases. Some other driving factors include rising number of geriatric population, awareness of nanomedicine application and presence of high unmet medical needs. Growing demand of nanomedicines from the end users is expected to drive the market in the forecast period. However, market entry of new companies is expected to bridge the gap between supply and demand of nanomedicines. Above mentioned drivers currently outweigh the risk associated with nanomedicines such as toxicity and high cost. At present, cancer is one of the major targeted areas in which nanomedicines have made contribution. Doxil, Depocyt, Abraxane, Oncospar, and Neulasta are some of the examples of pharmaceuticals formulated using nanotechnology.

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Key players in the global nanomedicine market include: Abbott Laboratories, CombiMatrix Corporation, GE Healthcare, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Mallinckrodt plc, Merck & Company, Inc., Nanosphere, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Celgene Corporation, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and UCB (Union chimique belge) S.A.

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Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) Market Expected to Generate Huge Profits by 2015 2021: Persistence ... - MilTech

May 28th, 2017 Filed under Nano Medicine Tagged Comments Off on Nanomedicine Market Analysis By Products, (Therapeutics, Regenerative

1 Research Methodology 1.1 Information procurement 1.2 Data Analysis 2 Executive Summary 3 Nanomedicine Market Variables, Trends & Scope 3.1 Market Segmentation & Scope 3.1.1 Market driver analysis 3.1.1.1 Rising level of government participation in R&D funding 3.1.1.2 Introduction of technological advancements in diagnostic procedures 3.1.1.3 Rising usage of nanomedicine in drug delivery technology 3.1.2 Market restraint analysis 3.1.2.1 Side effects associated with intake of nanoparticles and lower adoption rate by patients 3.1.2.2 Hesitant uptake by medical and pharmaceutical industry 3.2 Penetration & Growth Prospect Mapping For Products, 2016 & 2025 3.3 Nanomedicine SWOT Analysis, By Factor (political & legal, economic and technological) 3.4 Industry Analysis Porters 4 Nanomedicine Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis 4.1 Nanomedicine market: product movement analysis 4.2 Therapeutics 4.2.1 Global therapeutics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 4.3 Regenerative medicine 4.3.1 Global regenerative medicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 4.4 In-vitro diagnostics 4.4.1 Global in-vitro diagnostics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 4.5 In-vivo diagnostics 4.5.1 Global in-vivo diagnostics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 4.6 Vaccines 4.6.1 Global vaccines market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 5 Nanomedicine Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis 5.1 Nanomedicine market: Application movement analysis 5.2 Clinical oncology 5.2.1 Global clinical oncology market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 5.3 Infectious diseases 5.3.1 Global infectious diseases market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 5.4 Clinical cardiology 5.4.1 Global clinical cardiology market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 5.5 Orthopedics 5.5.1 Global orthopedics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 5.6 Others 5.6.1 Global other applications market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6 Nanomedicine Market: Nanomolecule Type Estimates & Trend Analysis 6.1 Nanomedicine Market: Nanomolecule Type Movement Analysis 6.2 Nanomolecules 6.2.1 Global nanomolecules market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2 Nanoparticles & quantum dots 6.2.2.1 Global nanoparticles & quantum dots market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2 Metal & metal compounds 6.2.2.2.1 Global metal & metal compounds nanoparticles market, by type nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2.2 Gold nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2.3 Silver nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2.4 Alumina nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2.5 Iron oxide nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2.6 Gadolinium nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.2.7 Other metal & metal oxide nanoparticles market estimate & forecast, 2014 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.3 Global metal & metal compound nanoparticles market, by application 6.2.2.3.1 In-vivo Imaging 6.2.2.3.2 Targeted drug delivery 6.2.2.3.3 Proton therapy 6.2.2.3.4 In-vitro assays 6.2.2.3.5 Cell & phantom imaging 6.2.2.4 Liposomes 6.2.2.4.1 Global liposomes market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.5 Polymer & polymer drug conjugates 6.2.2.5.1 Global polymer & polymer drug conjugates market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.6 Hydrogel nanoparticles 6.2.2.6.1 Global hydrogel nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.7 Dendrimers 6.2.2.7.1 Global dendrimers market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.2.8 Inorganic nanoparticles 6.2.2.8.1 Global inorganic nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.3 Nanoshells 6.2.3.1 Global nanoshells market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.4 Nanotubes 6.2.4.1 Global nanotubes market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 6.2.5 Nanodevices 6.2.5.1 Global nanodevices market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7 Nanomedicine Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis, by Product, Application, & Nanomolecule Type 7.1 Nanomedicine market share by region, 2016 & 2025 7.2 North America 7.2.1 North America nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.2.2 U.S. 7.2.2.1 U.S. nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.2.3 Canada 7.2.3.1 Canada nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.3 Europe 7.3.1 Europe nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.3.2 Germany 7.3.2.1 Germany nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.3.3 UK 7.3.3.1 UK nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.4 Asia Pacific. 7.4.1 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.4.2 Japan 7.4.2.1 Japan nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.4.3 China 7.4.3.1 China nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.5 Latin America 7.5.1 Latin America nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.5.2 Brazil 7.5.2.1 Brazil nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.6 Middle East & Africa 7.6.1 Middle East & Africa nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 7.6.2 South Africa 7.6.2.1 South Africa nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) 8 Competitive Landscape 8.1 Strategy framework 8.2 Market participation categorization 8.3 Company Profiles 8.3.1 Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 8.3.1.1 Company overview 8.3.1.2 CALANDO PHARMACEUTICALS, Inc. 8.3.1.3 Financial performance 8.3.1.4 Product benchmarking 8.3.2 Brigham and Womens Hospital (BWH) 8.3.2.1 Company overview 8.3.2.2 Financial performance 8.3.2.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.3 Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc. 8.3.3.1 Company overview 8.3.3.2 Financial performance 8.3.3.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.4 ABLYNX 8.3.4.1 Company overview 8.3.4.2 Financial performance 8.3.4.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.4.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.5 AMAG Pharmaceuticals 8.3.5.1 Company overview 8.3.5.2 Financial performance 8.3.5.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.5.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.6 Bio-Gate AG 8.3.6.1 Company overview 8.3.6.2 Financial performance 8.3.6.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.6.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.7 Celgene Corporation 8.3.7.1 Company overview 8.3.7.2 Abraxis BioScience, Inc. 8.3.7.3 Financial Performance 8.3.7.4 Product benchmarking 8.3.7.5 Strategic initiatives 8.3.8 Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 8.3.8.1 Company overview 8.3.8.2 Financial performance 8.3.8.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.8.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.9 Pfizer, Inc. 8.3.9.1 Company overview 8.3.9.2 Financial performance 8.3.9.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.9.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.10 Abbott 8.3.10.1 Company overview 8.3.10.2 Financial performance 8.3.10.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.10.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.11 Leadiant Biosciences, Inc. 8.3.11.1 Company overview 8.3.11.2 Financial performance 8.3.11.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.11.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.12 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. 8.3.12.1 Company overview 8.3.12.2 Financial performance 8.3.12.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.13 CYTIMMUNE SCIENCES, INC. 8.3.13.1 Company overview 8.3.13.2 Financial performance 8.3.13.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.13.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.14 Merck & Co Ltd 8.3.14.1 Company Overview 8.3.14.2 Financial performance 8.3.14.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.14.4 Strategic initiatives 8.3.15 Gilead 8.3.15.1 Company Overview 8.3.15.2 Financial performance 8.3.15.3 Product benchmarking 8.3.16 Epeius Biotechnologies Corporation 8.3.16.1 Company overview 8.3.16.2 Financial performance 8.3.16.3 Product benchmarking

List of Tables

Table 1 Nanofibers in Regenerative Medicine Table 2 North America nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 3 North America nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 4 North America nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 5 North America nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 6 North America nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 7 North America nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 8 North America nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 9 North America nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 10 North America metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 11 North America metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 12 North America metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 13 North America metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 14 Patent applicant for nanotechnology based therapeutics Table 15 U.S. nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 16 U.S. nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 17 U.S. nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 18 U.S. nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 19 U.S. nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 20 U.S. nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 21 U.S. nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 22 U.S. nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 23 U.S. metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 24 U.S. metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 25 U.S. metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 26 U.S. metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 27 Nanotechnology organizations which are involved in publishing nanoscience based articles Table 28 Canada nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 29 Canada nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 30 Canada nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 31 Canada nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 32 Canada nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 33 Canada nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 34 Canada nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 35 Canada nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 36 Canada metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 37 Canada metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 38 Canada metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 39 Canada metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 40 Europe nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 41 Europe nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 42 Europe nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 43 Europe nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 44 Europe nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 45 Europe nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 46 Europe nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 47 Europe nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 48 Europe metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 49 Europe metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 50 Europe metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 51 Europe metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 52 Germany nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 53 Germany nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 54 Germany nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 55 Germany nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 56 Germany nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 57 Germany nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 58 Germany nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 59 Germany nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 60 Germany metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 61 Germany metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 62 Germany metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 63 Germany metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 64 UK nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 65 UK nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 66 UK nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 67 UK nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 68 UK nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 69 UK nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 70 UK nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 71 UK nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 72 UK metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 73 UK metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 74 UK metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 75 UK metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 76 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 77 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 78 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 79 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 80 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 81 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 82 Asia Pacific nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 83 Asia Pacific nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 84 Asia Pacific metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 85 Asia Pacific metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 86 Asia Pacific metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 87 Asia Pacific metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 88 Japan nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 89 Japan nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 90 Japan nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 91 Japan nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 92 Japan nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 93 Japan nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 94 Japan nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 95 Japan nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 96 Japan metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 97 Japan metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 98 Japan metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 99 Japan metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 100 China nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 101 China nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 102 China nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 103 China nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 104 China nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 105 China nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 106 China nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 107 China nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 108 China metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 109 China metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 110 China metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 111 China metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 112 Latin America nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 113 Latin America nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 114 Latin America nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 115 Latin America nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 116 Latin America nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 117 Latin America nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 118 Latin America nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 119 Latin America nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 120 Latin America metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 121 Latin America metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 122 Latin America metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 123 Latin America metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 124 Brazil nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 125 Brazil nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 126 Brazil nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 127 Brazil nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 128 Brazil nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 129 Brazil nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 130 Brazil nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 131 Brazil nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 132 Brazil metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 133 Brazil metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 134 Brazil metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 135 Brazil metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 136 MEA nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 137 MEA nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 138 MEA nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 139 MEA nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 140 MEA nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 141 MEA nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 142 MEA nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 143 MEA nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 144 MEA metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 145 MEA metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 146 MEA metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 147 MEA metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 148 South Africa nanomedicine market estimates, by product, 2013 2016 (USD Billion)) Table 149 South Africa nanomedicine market forecasts, by product, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 150 South Africa nanomedicine market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 151 South Africa nanomedicine market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 152 South Africa nanomedicine market estimates, by nanomolecule type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 153 South Africa nanomedicine market forecasts, by nanomolecule type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 154 South Africa nanoparticle market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 155 South Africa nanoparticle market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 156 South Africa metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by type, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 157 South Africa metal and metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by type, 2017 2025 (USD Billion) Table 158 South Africa metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market estimates, by application, 2013 2016 (USD Billion) Table 159 South Africa metal & metal oxides nanoparticles market forecasts, by application, 2017 2025 (USD Billion)

List of Figures

Figure 1 Market research process Figure 2 Information procurement Figure 3 Primary research pattern Figure 4 Market research approaches Figure 5 Value chain based sizing & forecasting Figure 6 QFD modelling for market share assessment Figure 7 Market summary Figure 8 Market trends & outlook Figure 9 Market segmentation & scope Figure 10 Market driver relevance analysis (Current & future impact) Figure 11 Market restraint relevance analysis (Current & future impact) Figure 12 Penetration & growth prospect mapping for products, 2016 & 2025 Figure 13 SWOT Analysis, By Factor (political & legal, economic and technological) Figure 14 Porters Five Forces Analysis Figure 15 Nanomedicine market product outlook key takeaways Figure 16 Nanomedicine market: Product movement analysis Figure 17 Global therapeutics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 18 Global regenerative medicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 19 Global in-vitro diagnostics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 20 Global in-vivo diagnostics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 21 Global vaccines market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 22 Nanomedicine market: Application outlook key takeaways Figure 23 Global nanomedicine market: Application movement analysis Figure 24 Cancer cases per year Figure 25 Global clinical oncology market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 26 Global infectious diseases market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 27 Global clinical cardiology market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 28 Global orthopedics market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 29 Global other applications market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 30 Nanomedicine market: Nanomolecule type outlook key takeaways Figure 31 Global nanomedicine market: Nanomolecule type movement analysis Figure 32 Global nanomolecules market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 33 Global nanoparticles & quantum dots market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 34 Global metal & metal compounds nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 35 Global gold nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 36 Global silver nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 37 Global alumina nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 38 Global iron oxide nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 39 Global gadolinium nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 40 Global other metal & metal oxide nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 41 Global in-vivo imaging market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 42 Global targeted drug delivery market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 43 Global proton therapy market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 44 Global in-vitro assays market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 45 Global cell & phantom imaging market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 46 Global liposomes market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 47 Global polymer & polymer drug conjugates market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 48 Global hydrogel nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 49 Global dendrimers market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 50 Global inorganic nanoparticles market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 51 Global nanoshells market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 52 Global nanotubes market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 53 Global nanodevices market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 54 Regional market place: Key take away Figure 55 Nanomedicine regional outlook, 2016 & 2025 Figure 56 North America nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 57 U.S. nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 58 Canada. nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 59 Europe nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 60 Germany nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 61 UK nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 62 Asia Pacific nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 63 Japan nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 64 China nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 65 Latin America nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 66 Brazil nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 67 Middle East & Africa nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 68 South Africa nanomedicine market, 2013 2025 (USD Billion) Figure 69 Strategy framework Figure 70 Participant categorization

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Nano Medicine

June 30, 2017 Size switchable nano-theranostics constructed with decomposable inorganic nanomaterials for acidic TME targeted cancer therapy. (a) A scheme showing the preparation of HSA-MnO2-Ce6&Pt (HMCP) nanoparticles, and (b) their tumor microenvironment responsive dissociation to enable efficient intra-tumoral penetration of therapeutic albumin complexes. (c) A scheme showing the preparation of Ce6(Mn)@CaCO3-PEG, and (d) its acidic TME responsive dissociation for enhanced MR imaging and synergistic cancer therapy. Credit: Science China Press

Cancer is one of leading causes of human mortality around the world. The current mainstream cancer treatment modalities (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) only show limited treatment outcomes, partly owing to the complexities and heterogeneity of tumor biology. In recent decades, with the rapid advance of nanotechnology, nanomedicine has attracted increasing attention as promising for personalized medicine to enable more efficient and reliable cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Unlike normal cells energized via oxidative phosphorylation, tumor cells utilize the energy produced from oxygen-independent glycolysis for survival by adapting to insufficient tumor oxygen supply resulting from the heterogeneously distributed tumor vasculatures (also known as the Warburg effect). Via such oncogenic metabolism, tumor cells would produce a large amount of lactate along with excess protons and carbon dioxide, which collectively contribute to enhanced acidification of the extracellular TME with pH, often in the range of 6.5 to 6.8, leading to increased tumor metastasis and treatment resistance.

With rapid advances in nanotechnology, several catalogs of nanomaterials have been widely explored for the design of cancer-targeted nano-theranostics. In a new overview published in the Beijing-based National Science Review, co-authors Liangzhu Feng, Ziliang Dong, Danlei Tao, Yicheng Zhang and Zhuang Liu at the Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University in Suzhou, China present new developments in the design of novel multifunctional nano-theranostics for precision cancer nanomedicine by targeting the acidic TME and outline the potential development directions of future acidic tumor microenvironment-responsive nano-theranostics.

"Various types of pH-responsive nanoprobes have been developed to enable great signal amplification under slightly reduced pH within solid tumors. By taking the acidic TME as the target, smart imaging nanoprobes with excellent pH-responsive signal amplification would be promising to enable more sensitive and accurate tumor diagnosis," they state in the published study.

"As far as nano-therapeutics are concerned, it has been found that the acidic TME responsive surface charge reverse, PEG corona detachment and size shrinkage (or decomposition) of nanoparticles would facilitate the efficient tumor accumulation, intra-tumoral diffusion and tumor cellular uptake of therapeutics, leading to significantly improved cancer treatment. Therefore, the rational development of novel cancer-targeted nano-theranostics with sequential patterns of size switch from large to small, and surface charge reverse from neutral or slightly negative to positive within the tumor, would be more preferred for efficient tumor-targeted drug delivery."

The scientists also write, "For the translation of those interesting smart pH-responsive nano-therapeutics from bench to bedside, the formulation of those nanoscale systems should be relatively simple, reliable and with great biocompatibility, since many of those currently developed nano-theranostics were may be too complicated for clinical translation."

Explore further: Treatment with Alk5 inhibitor improves tumor uptake of imaging agents

More information: Liangzhu Feng et al, The acidic tumor microenvironment: a target for smart cancer nano-theranostics, National Science Review (2017). DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx062

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July 3, 2017 by Ryan O'hare Nanomedicine could help patients with fatal lung conditions. Credit: Imperial College London

Metallic nanomolecules capable of carrying drugs to exactly where they are needed could one day help to treat patients with a fatal lung condition.

Scientists based at Imperial College London have tested a new type of nanoparticle called metal organic frameworks (MOF) tiny metal cages less than 100 nanometres across that can be loaded with drug molecules which they believe could potentially be used to treat patients with a devastating condition called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

In PAH the blood vessels of the lungs constrict and thicken, increasing blood pressure and causing the right side of the heart to work harder and harder, until it eventually fails. The condition is rare but devastating and can affect people of all ages, including babies, young adults and the elderly. Patients in the late stage of the disease have few treatment options beyond transplant, with a mean survival time of around five years following diagnosis.

While there is no cure for PAH, existing treatments work by opening up these blood vessels. These drugs act on blood vessels throughout the body, however, causing blood pressure to drop and resulting in a number of side effects which means the dose at which these drugs can be given is limited.

In their latest study, published online in Pulmonary Circulation, the multidisciplinary group at Imperial describes how it has taken the first in a number of steps to develop nanoparticles which could deliver drugs directly to the lungs, showing that the basic structures are not harmful to cells.

Professor Jane Mitchell, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial, who led the research, said: "The hope is that using this approach will ultimately allow for high concentrations of drugs we already have to be delivered to only the vessels in the lung, and reduce side effects. For patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, it could mean we are able to turn it from a fatal condition, to a chronic manageable one."

Metallic cages for drug delivery

The tiny metallic structures composed of iron were made in the lab of Professor Paul Lickiss and Dr Rob Davies's, from the Department of Chemistry and by Dr Nura Mohamed during her PhD studies at Imperial. Dr Mohamed, who was funded by the Qatar Foundation, made the structures so existing drugs used to treat PAH could fit inside them.

These structures were tested in human lung cells and blood vessel cells, which were grown from stem cells in the blood of patients with PAH. The team found that the structures reduced inflammation and were not toxic to the cells.

Further tests showed that the MOFs were safe in rats, with animals injected with MOFs over a two-week period showing few side effects other than a slight build-up of iron in the liver.

"One of the biggest limitations in nanomedicine is toxicity, some of best nanomedicine structures do not make it past the initial stages of development as they kill cells," said Professor Mitchell. "We made these prototype MOFs, and have shown they were not toxic to a whole range of human lung cells."

MOFs are an area of interest in nanomedicine, with engineers aiming to develop them as carriers which can hold onto drug cargo, releasing it under specific conditions, such as changes in pH, temperature, or even when the nanostructures are drawn to the target area by magnets outside the body.

Beyond the finding that their iron nanostructures were non-toxic, the team believes the MOFs may have additional therapeutic properties. There was evidence to suggest anti-inflammatory properties, with the MOFs reducing the levels of an inflammatory marker in the blood vessels, called endothelin-1, which causes arteries to constrict. In addition, iron is also a contrast agent, meaning it would show up on scans of the lungs to show where the drug had reached.

The MOFs have not yet been tested in patients, but the next step is to load the tiny metallic structures with drugs and work out the best way to get them to target their cargo to the lungs. The researchers are confident that if successful, the approach could move to trials for patients, with a drug candidate ready to test within the next five years. The MOFs could potentially be delivered by an inhaler into the lung, or administered by injection.

"In this study we have proved the principle that this type of carrier has the potential to be loaded with a drug and targeted to the lung," explained Professor Mitchell. "This is fundamental research and while this particular MOF might not be the one that makes it to a drug to treat PAH, our work opens up the idea that this disease should be considered with an increased research effort for targeted drug delivery."

Explore further: Longer-lasting pain relief with MOFs

More information: Nura A. Mohamed et al. Chemical and biological assessment of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in pulmonary cells and in an acute in vivo model: relevance to pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy, Pulmonary Circulation (2017). DOI: 10.1177/2045893217710224

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Metallic nanomolecules capable of carrying drugs to exactly where they are needed could one day help to treat patients with a fatal lung condition.

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Nano-sized drug carriers could be the future for patients with lung disease - Phys.Org

Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology.[1] Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies.

This discipline helps to indicate the merger of biological research with various fields of nanotechnology. Concepts that are enhanced through nanobiology include: nanodevices (such as biological machines), nanoparticles, and nanoscale phenomena that occurs within the discipline of nanotechnology. This technical approach to biology allows scientists to imagine and create systems that can be used for biological research. Biologically inspired nanotechnology uses biological systems as the inspirations for technologies not yet created.[2] However, as with nanotechnology and biotechnology, bionanotechnology does have many potential ethical issues associated with it.

The most important objectives that are frequently found in nanobiology involve applying nanotools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing new tools, such as peptoid nanosheets, for medical and biological purposes is another primary objective in nanotechnology. New nanotools are often made by refining the applications of the nanotools that are already being used. The imaging of native biomolecules, biological membranes, and tissues is also a major topic for the nanobiology researchers. Other topics concerning nanobiology include the use of cantilever array sensors and the application of nanophotonics for manipulating molecular processes in living cells.[3]

Recently, the use of microorganisms to synthesize functional nanoparticles has been of great interest. Microorganisms can change the oxidation state of metals. These microbial processes have opened up new opportunities for us to explore novel applications, for example, the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials. In contrast to chemical and physical methods, microbial processes for synthesizing nanomaterials can be achieved in aqueous phase under gentle and environmentally benign conditions. This approach has become an attractive focus in current green bionanotechnology research towards sustainable development.[4]

The terms are often used interchangeably. When a distinction is intended, though, it is based on whether the focus is on applying biological ideas or on studying biology with nanotechnology. Bionanotechnology generally refers to the study of how the goals of nanotechnology can be guided by studying how biological "machines" work and adapting these biological motifs into improving existing nanotechnologies or creating new ones.[5][6] Nanobiotechnology, on the other hand, refers to the ways that nanotechnology is used to create devices to study biological systems.[7]

In other words, nanobiotechnology is essentially miniaturized biotechnology, whereas bionanotechnology is a specific application of nanotechnology. For example, DNA nanotechnology or cellular engineering would be classified as bionanotechnology because they involve working with biomolecules on the nanoscale. Conversely, many new medical technologies involving nanoparticles as delivery systems or as sensors would be examples of nanobiotechnology since they involve using nanotechnology to advance the goals of biology.

The definitions enumerated above will be utilized whenever a distinction between nanobio and bionano is made in this article. However, given the overlapping usage of the terms in modern parlance, individual technologies may need to be evaluated to determine which term is more fitting. As such, they are best discussed in parallel.

Most of the scientific concepts in bionanotechnology are derived from other fields. Biochemical principles that are used to understand the material properties of biological systems are central in bionanotechnology because those same principles are to be used to create new technologies. Material properties and applications studied in bionanoscience include mechanical properties(e.g. deformation, adhesion, failure), electrical/electronic (e.g. electromechanical stimulation, capacitors, energy storage/batteries), optical (e.g. absorption, luminescence, photochemistry), thermal (e.g. thermomutability, thermal management), biological (e.g. how cells interact with nanomaterials, molecular flaws/defects, biosensing, biological mechanisms s.a. mechanosensing), nanoscience of disease (e.g. genetic disease, cancer, organ/tissue failure), as well as computing (e.g. DNA computing)and agriculture(target delivery of pesticides, hormones and fertilizers.[8] The impact of bionanoscience, achieved through structural and mechanistic analyses of biological processes at nanoscale, is their translation into synthetic and technological applications through nanotechnology.

Nano-biotechnology takes most of its fundamentals from nanotechnology. Most of the devices designed for nano-biotechnological use are directly based on other existing nanotechnologies. Nano-biotechnology is often used to describe the overlapping multidisciplinary activities associated with biosensors, particularly where photonics, chemistry, biology, biophysics, nano-medicine, and engineering converge. Measurement in biology using wave guide techniques, such as dual polarization interferometry, are another example.

Applications of bionanotechnology are extremely widespread. Insofar as the distinction holds, nanobiotechnology is much more commonplace in that it simply provides more tools for the study of biology. Bionanotechnology, on the other hand, promises to recreate biological mechanisms and pathways in a form that is useful in other ways.

Nanomedicine is a field of medical science whose applications are increasing more and more thanks to nanorobots and biological machines, which constitute a very useful tool to develop this area of knowledge. In the past years, researchers have done many improvements in the different devices and systems required to develop nanorobots. This supposes a new way of treating and dealing with diseases such as cancer; thanks to nanorobots, side effects of chemotherapy have been controlled, reduced and even eliminated, so some years from now, cancer patients will be offered an alternative to treat this disease instead of chemotherapy, which causes secondary effects such as hair loss, fatigue or nausea killing not only cancerous cells but also the healthy ones. At a clinical level, cancer treatment with nanomedicine will consist on the supply of nanorobots to the patient through an injection that will seek for cancerous cells leaving untouched the healthy ones. Patients that will be treated through nanomedicine will not notice the presence of this nanomachines inside them; the only thing that is going to be noticeable is the progressive improvement of their health.[9]

Nanobiotechnology (sometimes referred to as nanobiology) is best described as helping modern medicine progress from treating symptoms to generating cures and regenerating biological tissues. Three American patients have received whole cultured bladders with the help of doctors who use nanobiology techniques in their practice. Also, it has been demonstrated in animal studies that a uterus can be grown outside the body and then placed in the body in order to produce a baby. Stem cell treatments have been used to fix diseases that are found in the human heart and are in clinical trials in the United States. There is also funding for research into allowing people to have new limbs without having to resort to prosthesis. Artificial proteins might also become available to manufacture without the need for harsh chemicals and expensive machines. It has even been surmised that by the year 2055, computers may be made out of biochemicals and organic salts.[10]

Another example of current nanobiotechnological research involves nanospheres coated with fluorescent polymers. Researchers are seeking to design polymers whose fluorescence is quenched when they encounter specific molecules. Different polymers would detect different metabolites. The polymer-coated spheres could become part of new biological assays, and the technology might someday lead to particles which could be introduced into the human body to track down metabolites associated with tumors and other health problems. Another example, from a different perspective, would be evaluation and therapy at the nanoscopic level, i.e. the treatment of Nanobacteria (25-200nm sized) as is done by NanoBiotech Pharma.

While nanobiology is in its infancy, there are a lot of promising methods that will rely on nanobiology in the future. Biological systems are inherently nano in scale; nanoscience must merge with biology in order to deliver biomacromolecules and molecular machines that are similar to nature. Controlling and mimicking the devices and processes that are constructed from molecules is a tremendous challenge to face the converging disciplines of nanotechnology.[11] All living things, including humans, can be considered to be nanofoundries. Natural evolution has optimized the "natural" form of nanobiology over millions of years. In the 21st century, humans have developed the technology to artificially tap into nanobiology. This process is best described as "organic merging with synthetic." Colonies of live neurons can live together on a biochip device; according to research from Dr. Gunther Gross at the University of North Texas. Self-assembling nanotubes have the ability to be used as a structural system. They would be composed together with rhodopsins; which would facilitate the optical computing process and help with the storage of biological materials. DNA (as the software for all living things) can be used as a structural proteomic system - a logical component for molecular computing. Ned Seeman - a researcher at New York University - along with other researchers are currently researching concepts that are similar to each other.[12]

DNA nanotechnology is one important example of bionanotechnology.[13] The utilization of the inherent properties of nucleic acids like DNA to create useful materials is a promising area of modern research. Another important area of research involves taking advantage of membrane properties to generate synthetic membranes. Proteins that self-assemble to generate functional materials could be used as a novel approach for the large-scale production of programmable nanomaterials. One example is the development of amyloids found in bacterial biofilms as engineered nanomaterials that can be programmed genetically to have different properties.[14]Protein folding studies provide a third important avenue of research, but one that has been largely inhibited by our inability to predict protein folding with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy. Given the myriad uses that biological systems have for proteins, though, research into understanding protein folding is of high importance and could prove fruitful for bionanotechnology in the future.

Lipid nanotechnology is another major area of research in bionanotechnology, where physico-chemical properties of lipids such as their antifouling and self-assembly is exploited to build nanodevices with applications in medicine and engineering.[15]

Meanwhile, nanotechnology application to biotechnology will also leave no field untouched by its groundbreaking scientific innovations for human wellness; the agricultural industry is no exception. Basically, nanomaterials are distinguished depending on the origin: natural, incidental and engineered nanoparticles. Among these, engineered nanoparticles have received wide attention in all fields of science, including medical, materials and agriculture technology with significant socio-economical growth. In the agriculture industry, engineered nanoparticles have been serving as nano carrier, containing herbicides, chemicals, or genes, which target particular plant parts to release their content.[16] Previously nanocapsules containing herbicides have been reported to effectively penetrate through cuticles and tissues, allowing the slow and constant release of the active substances. Likewise, other literature describes that nano-encapsulated slow release of fertilizers has also become a trend to save fertilizer consumption and to minimize environmental pollution through precision farming. These are only a few examples from numerous research works which might open up exciting opportunities for nanobiotechnology application in agriculture. Also, application of this kind of engineered nanoparticles to plants should be considered the level of amicability before it is employed in agriculture practices. Based on a thorough literature survey, it was understood that there is only limited authentic information available to explain the biological consequence of engineered nanoparticles on treated plants. Certain reports underline the phytotoxicity of various origin of engineered nanoparticles to the plant caused by the subject of concentrations and sizes . At the same time, however, an equal number of studies were reported with a positive outcome of nanoparticles, which facilitate growth promoting nature to treat plant.[17] In particular, compared to other nanoparticles, silver and gold nanoparticles based applications elicited beneficial results on various plant species with less and/or no toxicity.[18][19] Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) treated leaves of Asparagus showed the increased content of ascorbate and chlorophyll. Similarly, AgNPs-treated common bean and corn has increased shoot and root length, leaf surface area, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents reported earlier.[20] The gold nanoparticle has been used to induce growth and seed yield in Brassica juncea.[21]

This field relies on a variety of research methods, including experimental tools (e.g. imaging, characterization via AFM/optical tweezers etc.), x-ray diffraction based tools, synthesis via self-assembly, characterization of self-assembly (using e.g. MP-SPR, DPI, recombinant DNA methods, etc.), theory (e.g. statistical mechanics, nanomechanics, etc.), as well as computational approaches (bottom-up multi-scale simulation, supercomputing).

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Nanobiotechnology - Wikipedia

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used here to study chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells in dormant (quiescent) and proliferating stages. Persistence of residual quiescent CML stem cells (LSCs) that later resume proliferation seems to be a common cause of recurrence or relapse of CML. The collage shows a scheme of the AFM method and the found biophysical difference between these cells in the density of the pericellular layer surrounding cells.

This review gathers important and up-to-date information about variable synthetic methods that lead to attainment of magnetic nanoparticles with different shape and size. Moreover, information summarized within this manuscript determines the basics of sensing principles of magnetic nanoparticles. Furthermore here we report functionalization and modification of magnetic nanoobjects in order to achieve surfaces suitable for selective drug delivery, medical diagnosis and applications. Ultimately, one chapter is especially devoted to alternative green synthesis of nanoparticles.

Siderophores and oligopeptides take advantage of specific microbial active transport systems. Particular types of cell penetrating peptides, carbon nanotubes and terpenoid derivatives enter the cells by direct translocation. Dendrimers and large cell penetrating peptides are internalized by endocytosis. All these compounds conjugated with antimicrobials act as nanocarriers and transport the cargoes across the biomembranes. Once the conjugate is internalized, the active component could reach its intracellular target, either after release from the conjugate or in an intact form.

MPLA-coating of HBsAg nanocapsules (NCs) enhanced the uptake of NCs by neonatal and adult monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). The TLR4 mediated phagocytosis and the additional stimulation with IFN induced up-regulated expression levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80/86, the MHC II molecule, and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-, IL-12 and IL-6. Neonatal moDCs pulsed with MPLA-HBsAg-NCs plus IFN possessed the ability to trigger nave T cells towards TH1 immunity. The antigen-specific T cell proliferation was associated with the secretion of TH1 cell-specific IFN release.

A poly(phosphorhydrazone) dendrimer capped with amino-bis(methylene phosphonate) end groups enables the proliferation of human NK cells. This specific outcome results from a complex cross-talk between dendrimer-activated monocytes and autologous NK cells. During this crosstalk, dendrimer-activated monocytes are needed to enable the proliferation of NK cells, but ultimately, the NK cells have to kill autologous monocytes to proliferate. Like the yin and the yang, these cells have contrary but interdependent activities at the same time. This specific amplification of NK cells is also possible starting from peripheral blood of multiple myeloma patients, paving the road for NK cell-based anti-cancer immunotherapies.

The enzyme-responsive peptide drug conjugate specifically delivers the drug to prostate cancer cells. The PSA substrate is cleaved in the tumor interstitial space to release the dipeptide-linked TGX-D1, which enters the cells via overexpressed dipeptide transporters in prostate cancer cells. TGX-D1 is finally released from the dipeptide after cleavage of the ester linker inside the cells to exert its pharmacological effect. The intact peptidedrug conjugate may also enter the cells directly via endocytosis, and the ester bond can be cleaved inside the cells to release the active drug.

Overall properties and applications of synthesized magnetic nanoparticles coated by amphotericin B (red balls) or nystatin (blue balls) or their mixture against Candida cells.

Hydrophobic core protected graft copolymers (HC-PGC) such as MPEG-gPLL acylated with oleic acid, promote the formation of nanoparticles of water-insoluble benzophenone-uracyl non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors after the co-lyophilization. These nanoparticles bind to the surface of HIV-1 infected effector cells and result in a high selectivity anti-HIV index because of their low toxicity.

Mice were fed with an MCD diet seven days ahead to develop NAFLD, and were then treated with saline, FNB crude drug or FNB-Nanolipo by gavage and meanwhile continuously fed with the MCD diet for another seven days. Compared to the FNB crude drug, the FNB-Nanolipo significantly enhanced oral absorption of FNB and therefore, significantly cured NAFLD induced by the MCD diet.

Iontophoresis for transcutaneous immunization using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, liposomes and silver nanoparticles (NPAg): in vitro iontophoresis of the liposomal dispersion containing NPAg improved OVA penetration into the viable epidermis, where antigen presenting cells are located. This increase in OVA skin penetration resulted in a humoral immune response similar to that obtained following a subcutaneous injection of OVA. The cellular immune responses that were obtained after iontophoresis of OVA-liposomes and OVA-liposomes w/o NPAg were more evident than those obtained after subcutaneous injection.

We show that polyethyleneimine/magnetic nanoparticles based delivery vector (PEI/MNP) is suitable for production of miRNA-modified endothelial cells in terms of efficiency and safety. The obtained transfected cells can be guided to the site of interest using a magnetic field and their fate can be noninvasively traced using magnetic resonance imaging. This multifunctional approach for transient cell modification bears particular interest as a basis for clinically relevant cell engineering.

The formation of folate targeted CD nanoparticles encapsulating RelA siRNA leads to specific folate mediated uptake in PSMA+ cells, the specific knockdown of RelA and an increase in the half-life of the siRNA

The improvement of osseointegration will be a great challenge for the design of the future generation of bone implants. The application of specific nanotopographies on the surface of bone implants is a potential strategy to achieve improved quality, without the need for changes of the implant design. In the current paper, nanogrooved topographies that were reproduced into epoxy resin cylinders could significantly increase bone regeneration around the implants in a rat femoral condyle model, compared to rough control surfaces.

Different from traditional idea, we designed and synthesized a highly hydrophobic reduction-sensitive docetxel prodrug with a disulfide bond inserted into the linker between docetaxel and vitamin E, which could self-assemble in water to form self-assembled nanoparticles without the help of surface active substances. Compared with a docetaxel Tween80-containing formulation, the unique nanomedicine had many advantages, including high drug payload, advanced stability, superior reproducibility, low toxicty, prolonged circulation and increased therapeutic efficacy. The highly reproducible self-assembled nanoparticles prepared by simple nanoprecipitation technology are more attractive and effective nanomedicines, and might be a promising nano-drug delivery system for other anticancer drug.

Currently, clinical ultrasonography and serum alpha-fetoprotein have limited specificity and sensitivity for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, based on Au@Ag NRs nanorods surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS), we performed a label-free, non-invasive SERS test on 230 serum samples (47 HCC, 68 breast cancer, 55 lung cancer, and 60 normal control) to identify distinctive Raman spectrum peaks as a metabolic fingerprint to predict HCC. This paper is the first to report on the detection of serum metabolic profiles in HCC patients through SERS. In addition, this study is also the first to detect and compare serum SERS in three types of cancer to determine the general serum metabolic alterations among cancer patients. Furthermore, SERS combined with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis exhibited good diagnostic performance for HCC, with the receiver operating characteristic curve having an area under curve value of 0.991. The present study provides new insights into the detection of metabolic processes related to the biology of HCC through Raman spectroscopy.

Radiotherapy is a key component of prostate cancer treatment. Because of its importance, there has been high interest in developing agents and strategies to further improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. In this study, we engineered a nanoparticle formulation of Dbait, a new class of DNA damage repair inhibitor, with H1 (folatepolyethylenimine600cyclodextrin) nanopolymer. We demonstrated that H1/Dbait nanoparticle was a potent radiosensitizer in vitro and in vivo. Our study supports further investigations using nanoparticles to deliver DNA damage repair inhibitors to improve the therapeutic index of radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (20mg/kg) given intravenously twice a week prolonged survival in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Treatment was started at the onset of muscle weakness at ~113days of age.

The hallmark of chronic obstructive lung diseases, such as COPD and CF, is intermittent or stable exacerbation that initiates progression of chronic inflammatory lung disease. Although, we have made significant progress in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat these diseases but in order to provide sustained drug-delivery to target cells, there is a need for nano-carrier(s) that can circumvent obstructive airway defense. Hence, in this study we evaluated the efficacy of neutrophil-targeted nanoparticle in delivering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen to control Pa-LPS induced inflammatory lung disease and cigarette smoke induced emphysema.

Subretinal injection of SP-PA-PRPF31 nanoparticles in heterozygous knock-in (KI) Prpf31A216P/+ mice. The retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in KI Prpf31A216P/+ mice treated with SP-PA-PRPF31nanoparticles was a similar value to wild type mice. These nanomedicines not only improved visual function but also retarded or reversed retinal degeneration in KI Prpf31A216P/+ mice, evidenced by the absence of retinal atrophy.

Gold nanorods (GNRs) inhibit respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro and in vivo. The antiviral gene expression study showed interplay of Toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. Transmission electron microcopy, histological investigation and cytokine analysis indicate that GNRs stimulates innate immune response resulting in RSV inhibition.

This figure shows the formation of G4AcFaHSTK compact nanoparticles from the interaction between HSTK-based plasmids and partially acetylated, folic acid-conjugated, cationic 4th-generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (G4AcFa). Also, it shows the application of the real-time PFQNM mode of AFM to visualize the morphological and nanomechanical changes of individual live and dividing HeLa cells in their native environment upon their attack by G4AcFaHSTK.

After proper oral immunization schedules using SBA-15 as adjuvant, the recruitment of inflammatory cells to Peyers patches and mesenteric lymph nodes and the enhanced production of specific antibodies, as well as the non-influence of silica in the polarization to TH1 or TH2 immune responses, were shown.

Increased levels of soluble amyloid-beta (A) oligomers are suspected to underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology through the formation of uncontrolled multi-subunit A pores in cellular membranes. In this study, the efficacy of small molecule NPT-440-1 modulation of A1-42 pore permeability was examined. We show that co-incubation of B103 rat neuronal cells with NPT-440-1 and A1-42 prevented calcium influx. In purified lipid bilayers, preincubation prior to membrane introduction was required to prevent conductance despite the presence of pore structures. The results point to compound-induced structural modulation leading to collapsed pores and suggest that pharmacological modulation of A1-42 could prevent AD pathogenesis.

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Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine ...

The need for the discovery and development of innovative technologies to improve the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in the body is widely recognized. The next generation therapies must be able to deliver drugs, therapeutic proteins and recombinant DNA to focal areas of disease or to tumors to maximize clinical benefit while limiting untoward side effects. The use of nanoscale technologies to design novel drug delivery systems and devices is a rapidly developing area of biomedical research that promises breakthrough advances in therapeutics and diagnostics.

Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine (CDDN) serves to unify existing diverse technical and scientific expertise in biomedical and material science research at the University of Nebraska thereby creating a world class interdisciplinary drug delivery and nanomedicine program. This is realized by integrating established expertise in drug delivery, gene therapy, neuroscience, pathology, immunology, pharmacology, vaccine therapy, cancer biology, polymer science and nanotechnology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), the University of Nebraska at Lincoln (UNL) and Creighton University.

CDDNs vision is to improve health by enhancing the efficacy and safety of new and existing therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents and genes through the discovery and application of innovative methods of drug delivery and nanotechnology. CDDNs mission is to discover and apply knowledge to design, develop and evaluate novel approaches to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents and genes.

The COBRE Nebraska Center for Nanomedicine is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Science(NIGMS) grant 2P20 GM103480-08.

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