Category Archives: New York Stem Cells

Stan Douglas, the Canadian video artist and photographer, likes to think about when things go awry. This is the premise of his video installation, Doppelgnger, currently on view at David Zwirner in New York and Victoria Miro in London. As its title suggests, the work, which premiered at the Venice Biennale in 2019, is a tale of doubles. Douglass video, projected on two translucent screens, visible on both sides, centers around two parallel realitiestwo Earths orbiting at opposite ends of the galaxy, unaware that theyre identical to each other.

On each Earth, an astronaut named Alice is copied via stem cells and teleported to a spaceship light-years away, bound for a distant planet. Scientists at Mission Control are shocked, however, when the vessels, thought to be progressing deep into the cosmos, inexplicably return to Earths orbit. Unbeknownst to them, the Alice clones have actually crossed the galaxy, arriving on the Earth opposite from that which they emerged. The astronomers, a political official, and the original Alice together grapple with how to treat this uncanny other. In one case, Douglas says, Alice is treated like a returning citizen who needs comfort, B12 injections, and bed rest. The other one is treated like a dangerous alien who gets quarantined, interrogated, and shot up with sodium Pentothal. For Douglas, the work functions as an allegory for immigration, pointing to the artists penchant for deploying speculative fiction as a mode of social inquiry.

2020 finds Douglass career in the midst of its own thrilling saga: back-to-back openings on two continents, an evening talk at the Guggenheim Museum, and a career-changing announcement; Douglas will be representing Canada at the next Venice Biennale. Amidst all that, Interview sat down with the artist to discuss Doppelgnger, Star Trek, and his fascination with the hypothetical.

ELLA HUZENIS: Tell me about your process in conceiving Doppelgnger. What inspired you?

STAN DOUGLAS: I was in Berlin just having premiered in Munich my play Helen Lawrence, and I saw this person in Rosa-Luxemburg Platz in East Berlin. I had the feeling that this person was an East Berliner just by their posture, their composure, their clothing, and just a general attitude. I dont know for sure, but that was my suspicion. But I had this uncanny feeling that this person is in East Berlin but he feels out of place in East Berlin. Hes from East Germany, but looks out of place in East Germany. Which is just funny, that condition. And that sort of inspired me, this idea of who belongs where? And how is identity established from one person to another?

HUZENIS: So, what is your background in science fiction? Has that been a long interest for you?

DOUGLAS: Im a big fan. I remember way back when, Id be watching Star Trek, my mothers boyfriend would walk into the room, and go, Have they been taken over yet? And I said, I notice a formula, just dont remind me. Let me be surprised. When you see an opera, you know what the outcome is going to be but you suspend disbelief and let it flow over you. Star Trek is the same way. In fact, the lighting in Star Trek kind of inspired what you see in Doppelgnger. Im not sure if it was done just to make it seem strange, but I got a feeling that, because old color TVs were kind of crude instruments, they had very saturated color in those TV shows. I sort of appropriate that look for what you see in Doppelgnger, and theres sort of a code to it as well. When were on the original Earth, were with the original Alice, everything is like a terrestrial house, everything is blue and yellow. And when were with the duplicate Alice, things are magenta and green. So these sort of color codes tell you what kind of location youre in.

HUZENIS: Many artists have looked to science fiction as a lens through which to examine broader social issues. How do you relate to that history of the genre?

DOUGLAS: I cant predict the future, so in a way, my science fictionlike everything else, like historical thingsis an allegory of the present. I guess the main thing I was going for is an overall vibe of dread and uncertainty. But I kind of like for people to discover things by themselves. Its much more enjoyable when you look at something, you look at a structure, and then you imagine how things are working. You have an analogy of what you know and how youve learned things and how youve lived your life.

HUZENIS: And while the work examines these two alternate scenarios, it still leaves open a lot of possibilities. It leaves viewers with so many questions about how such a scenario could transpire and how it would look. Talk about planning out Doppelgnger.

DOUGLAS: Many things had to be improvised on the day. Certain technical devices, certain parts of the scenery didnt work the way I thought they would, so I had to make up things on the day of. On the day youre shooting, you have the best-laid plans, and some things work, some things dont. Even behind the people at Mission Control, behind them there was supposed to be plexiglass. I thought it would be reflective plexiglass, in which case we could have a reflection of what we were seeing of the control screens. But it turned out to be somewhat opaque plexiglass, which was sort of like, What do I do with this? But then I realized, if I could have some backlighting on that, that kind of added a very creepy, almost ominous feeling to those scenes, seeing these figures who appear, disappear, reappear, and sometimes double in the background. So often mistakes turn into possibilities, too.

HUZENIS: I want to turn back to the ominous affective qualities of the work. Theres a somewhat unsettling moment in the video when the characters discuss what might have happened had the experiment gone as theyd expected. The Alice copy could be living alone on this totally uninhabited planet

DOUGLAS: Its more her intrepidness. She is going to do this thing. There is a very slight chance that everything will be okay. We dont really know what the planet is like. So when she gets there, either shell be able to land and things will be okay, or it will be uninhabitable and shes alone and will die when her food runs out. In a way, this is sort of this experience of immigration too, because in immigration, youll take the risk of going to an unknown place, and just make a new life for yourself. Immigrants are heroes because they get there and they will do everything, every skill they have, every bit of energy they have to make that new life and to make the place they live a better place to be. Thats why immigration is such an important thing. Especially in a new world where were allexcept for one group of people, the indigenous peoplewere all based on that history.

Alice is the kind of person who would be going there in the hopes that things will work out. So she will teleport there, and if things dont work out, okay, things didnt work out. But if they do, great, she can actually discover or explore a brand new world.

HUZENIS: In many discussions of your work, you talked about your interest in where things go wrong and the different decisions people can make in those moments. In general, what attracts you to that kind of speculative exercise, and what do you hope to discover through it in Doppelgnger?

DOUGLAS: Well, I cant remember the quote exactly, or who it was by, but its this idea that the past is never really passed. The past is always with us. Were always continuing the past in the present. But theres a story which may be apocryphal which I read in a book by Susan Buck-Morss where she talks about how when [the science fiction writer] H.G. Wells worked for the London Times, he interviewed Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, and at one point Lenin says, I cant wait for the day when we make contact with an alien intelligence because then well realize our way of life is not the only possibility.

HUZENIS: Do you think of exploring alternative possibilities for what life can be as a kind of social or political mission of your practice?

DOUGLAS: Open possibilities. Start with a question of saying, this is how it should be, this is good, this is bad. But its important to remind people that these possibilities can be thought through. And if youre able to imagine an alternative to what were enduring right now, this is the little thing that art can contribute to the more global conversation.

HUZENIS: Do you often contemplate these issues in the context of your own life, in examining your own ways of being?

DOUGLAS: One key thing for me in understanding all this was reading a little book by Samuel Beckett called Proust. He talks about Prousts idea of habit, and there is a funny quote where he says, Habit is the ballast which tethers the dog to its vomit. Which is a weird perversion of a quote from the Bible. Hes talking about how habit allows us to find comfort from the horror of the real. If were paying attention to whats around us, and whats going on, the complexity of intersubjectivity, the bizarreness of our being able to pick something up and move it around in space, if we really attend to that well go crazy. But we have habits to allow us to drive a car, walk down the street, read a book, and that kind of thing.

But occasionally, something breaks that habit and were forced to actually deal with that, either by reinforcing habit more vehemently or finding a new solution to the way we interact with the world. And this happens on a bigger scale as well. 9/11, where for the first time there was a foreign attack on US soil, the way in which the United States dealt with that is a clear indication of their relationship to diplomatic habit.

HUZENIS: In the context of your own career, is there any particular moment that you would say was transformative?

DOUGLAS: Its a question of being at the right place at the right time, doing the right work at the right time, given that I a long time ago knew a guy named Jan Hoet who was the director of a museum in Ghent called S.M.A.K. He came to my studio when I was first out of art school, saw this work. He wanted to have it put in an exhibition, but it was actually censored by one of his curators. He felt very awful about that, very apologetic, and he wrote me a letter about that and I said Yeah, what the hell. And then I was in Sydney for the Sydney Biennale in 1990, and there he was. He says Stan, you must be the next documenter. It was that chance encounter that gave me a platform to show my first video work in a context where video was being shown with an equal stature to painting and sculpture. Because typically in those shows, video would be in an airless room in the corner of a museum, but here it was, front and center. And in that context, I got sudden visibility I could have never had before.

HUZENIS: And it was just announced youll be representing Canada in the next Venice Biennale. What was your reaction to that news? What does that honor mean to you?

DOUGLAS: I guess I should find an answer to that because Im asked this question a lot.

It feels great to do that, but Im not really a nationalist per se. I dont think the idea of nations is always that healthy. It has led to a lot of problems. But in Venice, it is a legacy of old European empires, if you look at the layout of the pavilions, which ones were big, which ones were small. And so, the work I want to make for that will have a more global or internationalist reach or subject to avoid this idea of just representing yourself. Im interested in things which connect our different cultures, or may be common to our cultures. And I have some ideas which I wont tell you.

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Stan Douglas Wants to Take You to Another Earth - Interview

NEW YORK, Jan. 30, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --

High incidence of cancer & other target diseases is a major factor driving the growth of the gene therapy market

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05843076/?utm_source=PRN

The global gene therapy market is projected to reach USD 13.0 billion by 2024 from USD 3.8 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 27.8% during the forecast period. The high incidence of cancer and other target diseases, availability of reimbursement, and the launch of new products are the major factors driving the growth of this market. In addition, the strong product pipeline of market players is expected to offer significant growth opportunities in the coming years. However, the high cost of treatment is expected to hamper market growth to a certain extent in the coming years.

Neurological diseases segment accounted for the largest share of the gene therapy market, by indication, in 2018Based on indication, the market is segmented into neurological diseases, cancer, hepatological diseases, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other indications.The neurological diseases segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2018.

This can be attributed to the increasing number of gene therapy products being approved for the treatment of neurological diseases and the high market penetration of oligonucleotide-based gene therapies.

Viral vectors segment to register the highest growth in the gene therapy market during the forecast periodThe gene therapy market, by vector, has been segmented into viral and non-viral vectors.In 2018, the non-viral vectors segment accounted for the largest share of this market.

However, the viral vectors segment is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, primarily due to the increasing demand for CAR T-based gene therapies and the rising incidence of cancer.

North America will continue to dominate the gene therapy market during the forecast periodGeographically, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World.In 2018, North America accounted for the largest share of the gene therapy market, followed by Europe.

Factors such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, high healthcare expenditure, presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure, favorable reimbursement scenario, and the presence of major market players in the region are driving market growth in North America.

The primary interviews conducted for this report can be categorized as follows: By Company Type: Tier 1 - 32%, Tier 2 - 44%, and Tier 3 - 24% By Designation: C-level - 30%, D-level - 34%, and Others - 36% By Region: North America - 50%, Europe - 32%, Asia Pacific - 10%, and Rest of the World - 8%

List of companies profiled in the report Amgen, Inc. (US) Biogen (US) Novartis AG (Switzerland) Gilead Sciences, Inc. (US) Spark Therapeutics, Inc. (US) MolMed S.p.A. (Italy) Orchard Therapeutics plc. (UK) SiBiono GeneTech Co., Ltd. (China) Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (US) Human Stem Cells Institute (Russia) AnGes, Inc. (Japan) Dynavax Technologies (US) Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Ireland) Akcea Therapeutics (US) bluebird bio, Inc. (US) uniQure NV (Netherlands) AGTC (US) Mustang Bio (US) Cellectis (France) Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. (US) Sangamo Therapeutics (US)

Research Coverage:This report provides a detailed picture of the global gene therapy market.It aims at estimating the size and future growth potential of the market across different segments (by vector, indication, delivery method, and region).

The report also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key market players, along with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report:This report will help market leaders/new entrants by providing them with the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall gene therapy market and its subsegments.It will also help stakeholders better understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their business better and make suitable go-to-market strategies.

Also, this report will enable stakeholders to understand the pulse of the market and provide them with information on the key market drivers, challenges, and opportunities.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05843076/?utm_source=PRN

About Reportlinker ReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

__________________________ Contact Clare: clare@reportlinker.com US: (339)-368-6001 Intl: +1 339-368-6001

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The global gene therapy market is projected to reach USD 13.0 billion by 2024 from USD 3.8 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 27.8% - Yahoo Finance

Magenta Therapeutics (NASDAQ:MGTA) and Avenue Therapeutics (NASDAQ:ATXI) are both small-cap medical companies, but which is the better stock? We will compare the two companies based on the strength of their risk, institutional ownership, analyst recommendations, earnings, dividends, valuation and profitability.

Analyst Ratings

This is a breakdown of recent ratings and recommmendations for Magenta Therapeutics and Avenue Therapeutics, as reported by MarketBeat.

Profitability

This table compares Magenta Therapeutics and Avenue Therapeutics net margins, return on equity and return on assets.

Insider & Institutional Ownership

63.4% of Magenta Therapeutics shares are owned by institutional investors. Comparatively, 8.7% of Avenue Therapeutics shares are owned by institutional investors. 10.9% of Magenta Therapeutics shares are owned by company insiders. Comparatively, 5.0% of Avenue Therapeutics shares are owned by company insiders. Strong institutional ownership is an indication that endowments, hedge funds and large money managers believe a company is poised for long-term growth.

Risk and Volatility

Magenta Therapeutics has a beta of 3.27, suggesting that its share price is 227% more volatile than the S&P 500. Comparatively, Avenue Therapeutics has a beta of -0.16, suggesting that its share price is 116% less volatile than the S&P 500.

Valuation & Earnings

This table compares Magenta Therapeutics and Avenue Therapeutics revenue, earnings per share (EPS) and valuation.

Avenue Therapeutics is trading at a lower price-to-earnings ratio than Magenta Therapeutics, indicating that it is currently the more affordable of the two stocks.

Summary

Magenta Therapeutics beats Avenue Therapeutics on 7 of the 11 factors compared between the two stocks.

About Magenta Therapeutics

Magenta Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company, develops novel medicines to extend the curative power of stem cell transplant, gene therapy, genome editing, and cell therapy to patients. It is developing C100, C200, and C300 targeted antibody-drug conjugates for transplant conditioning; MGTA-145, a novel stem cell mobilization product candidate to control stem cell mobilization; MGTA-456, an allogeneic stem cell therapy to control stem cell growth; E478, a small molecule aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist for the expansion of gene-modified stem cells; and G100, an antibody-drug conjugate program to prevent acute graft and host diseases. The company was formerly known as HSCTCo Therapeutics, Inc. and changed its name to Magenta Therapeutics, Inc. in February 2016. Magenta Therapeutics, Inc. was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

About Avenue Therapeutics

Avenue Therapeutics, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, acquires, licenses, develops, and commercializes products primarily for use in the acute/intensive care hospital setting. Its product candidate is intravenous Tramadol, which is in Phase III clinical trials to treat moderate to moderately severe post-operative pain. The company was founded in 2015 and is based in New York, New York.

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Avenue Therapeutics (NASDAQ:ATXI) vs. Magenta Therapeutics (NASDAQ:MGTA) Head to Head Analysis - Tech Know Bits

NEW YORK, Jan. 30, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --

High incidence of cancer & other target diseases is a major factor driving the growth of the gene therapy market

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05843076/?utm_source=PRN

The global gene therapy market is projected to reach USD 13.0 billion by 2024 from USD 3.8 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 27.8% during the forecast period. The high incidence of cancer and other target diseases, availability of reimbursement, and the launch of new products are the major factors driving the growth of this market. In addition, the strong product pipeline of market players is expected to offer significant growth opportunities in the coming years. However, the high cost of treatment is expected to hamper market growth to a certain extent in the coming years.

Neurological diseases segment accounted for the largest share of the gene therapy market, by indication, in 2018Based on indication, the market is segmented into neurological diseases, cancer, hepatological diseases, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other indications.The neurological diseases segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2018.

This can be attributed to the increasing number of gene therapy products being approved for the treatment of neurological diseases and the high market penetration of oligonucleotide-based gene therapies.

Viral vectors segment to register the highest growth in the gene therapy market during the forecast periodThe gene therapy market, by vector, has been segmented into viral and non-viral vectors.In 2018, the non-viral vectors segment accounted for the largest share of this market.

However, the viral vectors segment is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, primarily due to the increasing demand for CAR T-based gene therapies and the rising incidence of cancer.

North America will continue to dominate the gene therapy market during the forecast periodGeographically, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World.In 2018, North America accounted for the largest share of the gene therapy market, followed by Europe.

Factors such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, high healthcare expenditure, presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure, favorable reimbursement scenario, and the presence of major market players in the region are driving market growth in North America.

The primary interviews conducted for this report can be categorized as follows: By Company Type: Tier 1 - 32%, Tier 2 - 44%, and Tier 3 - 24% By Designation: C-level - 30%, D-level - 34%, and Others - 36% By Region: North America - 50%, Europe - 32%, Asia Pacific - 10%, and Rest of the World - 8%

List of companies profiled in the report Amgen, Inc. (US) Biogen (US) Novartis AG (Switzerland) Gilead Sciences, Inc. (US) Spark Therapeutics, Inc. (US) MolMed S.p.A. (Italy) Orchard Therapeutics plc. (UK) SiBiono GeneTech Co., Ltd. (China) Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (US) Human Stem Cells Institute (Russia) AnGes, Inc. (Japan) Dynavax Technologies (US) Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Ireland) Akcea Therapeutics (US) bluebird bio, Inc. (US) uniQure NV (Netherlands) AGTC (US) Mustang Bio (US) Cellectis (France) Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. (US) Sangamo Therapeutics (US)

Research Coverage:This report provides a detailed picture of the global gene therapy market.It aims at estimating the size and future growth potential of the market across different segments (by vector, indication, delivery method, and region).

The report also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key market players, along with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report:This report will help market leaders/new entrants by providing them with the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall gene therapy market and its subsegments.It will also help stakeholders better understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their business better and make suitable go-to-market strategies.

Also, this report will enable stakeholders to understand the pulse of the market and provide them with information on the key market drivers, challenges, and opportunities.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05843076/?utm_source=PRN

About Reportlinker ReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

__________________________ Contact Clare: clare@reportlinker.com US: (339)-368-6001 Intl: +1 339-368-6001

SOURCE Reportlinker

http://www.reportlinker.com

See the original post here:
The global gene therapy market is projected to reach USD 13.0 billion by 2024 from USD 3.8 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 27.8% - PRNewswire

A leading research firm, Zion Market Research added a latest industry report on "Global Stem Cells Market" consisting of 110+ pages during the forecast period and Stem Cells Market report offers a comprehensive research updates and information related to market growth, demand, opportunities in the global Stem Cells Market.

According to the report the Stem Cells Market Global and Regional Analysis by Top Key Market Players, Key Regions, Product Segments, and Applications by 3685

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Stem Cells Market Global and Regional Analysis by Top Key Market Players, Key Regions, Product Segments, and Applications by 3685 - The Industry...

Joseph Finkelstein,1 Irena Parvanova,1 Frederick Zhang2

1Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 2Center for Bioinformatics and Data Analytics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Correspondence: Joseph FinkelsteinDepartment of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Icahn L2-36, New York, NY 10029, USATel +1 212-659-9596Email Joseph.Finkelstein@mssm.edu

Abstract: As biomedical data integration and analytics play an increasing role in the field of stem cell research, it becomes important to develop ways to standardize, aggregate, and share data among researchers. For this reason, many databases have been developed in recent years in an attempt to systematically warehouse data from different stem cell projects and experiments at the same time. However, these databases vary widely in their implementation and structure. The aim of this scoping review is to characterize the main features of available stem cell databases in order to identify specifications useful for implementation in future stem cell databases. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature and online resources to identify and review available stem cell databases. To identify the relevant databases, we performed a PubMed search using relevant MeSH terms followed by a web search for databases which may not have an associated journal article. In total, we identified 16 databases to include in this review. The data elements reported in these databases represented a broad spectrum of parameters from basic socio-demographic variables to various cells characteristics, cell surface markers expression, and clinical trial results. Three broad sets of functional features that provide utility for future stem cell research and facilitate bioinformatics workflows were identified. These features consisted of the following: common data elements, data visualization and analysis tools, and biomedical ontologies for data integration. Stem cell bioinformatics is a quickly evolving field that generates a growing number of heterogeneous data sets. Further progress in the stem cell research may be greatly facilitated by development of applications for intelligent stem cell data aggregation, sharing and collaboration process.

Keywords: stem cells, data integration, databases

This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Informatics Approaches for Harmonized Intelligent Integration of Stem | SCCAA - Dove Medical Press

Sorry Mom and Dad: It turns out you might not have been exaggerating when you told us your children made your hair turn gray.

Stress may play a key role in just how quickly hair goes from colored to ashen, a study published this past week in the journal Nature suggests.

Scientists have long understood some link is possible between stress and gray hair, but this new research from Harvard University in Massachusetts more deeply probes the exact mechanisms at play.

The researchers initial tests looked closely at cortisol, the stress hormone that surges in the body when a person experiences a fight or flight response.

Its an important bodily function, but the long-term presence of heightened cortisol is linked to a host of negative health outcomes.

But the culprit ended up being a different part of the bodys fight or flight response the sympathetic nervous system.

These nerves are all over the body, including making inroads to each hair follicle, the researchers reported.

Chemicals released during the stress response specifically norepinephrine causes pigment producing stem cells to activate prematurely, depleting the hairs reserves of color.

The detrimental impact of stress that we discovered was beyond what I imagined, Ya-Chieh Hsu, PhD, a lead study author and an associate professor of stem cell and regenerative biology at Harvard, said in a press release. After just a few days, all of the pigment-regenerating stem cells were lost. Once theyre gone, you cant regenerate pigments anymore. The damage is permanent.

But stress isnt the only or even the primary reason that most people get gray hair.

In most cases, its simple genetics.

Gray hair is caused by loss of melanocytes (pigment cells) in the hair follicle. This happens as we age and, unfortunately, there is no treatment that can restore these cells and the pigment they produce, melanin, Dr. Lindsey A. Bordone, a dermatologist at ColumbiaDoctors and an assistant professor of dermatology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, told Healthline. Genetic factors determine when you go gray. There is nothing that can be done medically to prevent this from happening when it is genetically predetermined to happen.

That doesnt mean environmental factors such as stress dont play a role.

Smoking, for instance, is a known risk factor for premature graying, according to a 2013 study. So kick the habit if you want to keep that color a little longer.

Other contributing factors to premature graying include deficiencies in protein, vitamin B-12, copper, and iron as well as aging due in part to an accumulation of oxidative stress.

That stress is prompted by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body that can damage tissue, proteins, and DNA, Kasey Nichols, NMD, an Arizona physician and a health expert at Rave Reviews, told Healthline.

And some degree of oxidative stress is a natural part of life.

We would expect increasing gray hair as we advance in age, and we see about a 10 percent increase in the chance of developing gray hair for every decade after age 30, Nichols said.

Changes you can pursue to delay premature grays include eating a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids such as walnuts and fatty fish, not spending too much time in the skin-damaging and hair-damaging ultraviolet light of the sun, and taking vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6 supplements.

That said, if you are going gray prematurely, it wouldnt hurt to go have a checkup just in case natural genetic factors arent the sole culprit.

The new Harvard research is only a mouse study, so replicating the same results in a human study would be necessary to strengthen the findings.

But the Harvard research has implications far beyond graying hair, with the hair color change merely one obvious sign of other internal changes as a result of prolonged stress.

By understanding precisely how stress affects stem cells that regenerate pigment, weve laid the groundwork for understanding how stress affects other tissues and organs in the body, said Hsu. Understanding how our tissues change under stress is the first critical step towards eventual treatment that can halt or revert the detrimental impact of stress.

Might that also mean someday halting and reverting the march of premature gray hair? Its too soon to tell.

We still have a lot to learn in this area, Hsu said.

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Scientists Think They Know How Stress Causes Gray Hair - Healthline

Film buffs who want to see as many Oscar-nominated films as possible before the big awards should not miss "The Cave" (9 p.m. Saturday, National Geographic). For the record, this is not about the Thai cave rescue efforts to save a trapped soccer team. Nominated for best documentary, this 2019 Syrian film is directed by Feras Fayyad and is a companion to his earlier film "Last Men in Aleppo." "Cave" profiles female doctor Amani Ballour, who operated a makeshift hospital in a cave during the worst of the Syrian civil war. "Cave" has already been cited for the People's Choice Award for Documentaries at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival.

David Attenborough narrates "Seven Worlds, One Planet" (9 p.m. Saturday, BBC America, AMC, IFC, Sundance, TV-PG), an exploration of each continent's unique species, as it turns its focus to North America.

It's always the husband! Lifetime puts a true-crime spin on its women-in-peril franchise with "Chris Watts: Confessions of a Killer" (8 p.m. Saturday, TV-14). After his wife, Shanann (Ashley Williams), and their two young daughters had been missing for some days, Chris Watts (Sean Kleier) made an emotional plea in front of television cameras. Scant days later, his charade began to unravel after he failed a polygraph and later spilled details about the murder of his family. Confessing to the murder was only the beginning of revelations that would shatter the lives of friends, neighbors and colleagues as they learned secrets of his dark double life.

A special report, "Beyond the Headlines: The Watts Family Tragedy" (10 p.m.) follows.

Monday marks the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz death camp. To commemorate the event, the History Channel returns to history, for one night at least, with "Auschwitz Untold" (9 p.m. Sunday, TV-14), a history of the Nazis' Final Solution program, including interviews with survivors who recall their internment when they were only children.

Discovery offers a special airing of the 2018 historical drama "Who Will Write Our History" (3 p.m. Sunday, TV-14). Joan Allen and Adrien Brody headline an impressive voice cast in this handsome production about a group of scholars, journalists and activists in Poland's Warsaw Ghetto, who decided, at great personal risk, to write and research the real story of their occupation and oppression in order to counter Nazi propaganda that depicted Jews as filthy vermin fit for extermination.

Linking the Maitland family's "vacation" in Ohio to similar mysterious killings, Holly begins to see patterns that defy rational explanation on "The Outsider" (9 p.m. Sunday, HBO, TV-MA). Portrayed by actress Cynthia Erivo ("Bad Times at the El Royale," "Harriet"), investigator Holly Gibney is the latest in a long line of "damaged" detectives, dating back through "Monk" all the way to Sherlock Holmes.

Her social unease and peculiar focus, born of her place on the autism spectrum, makes her one of the more compelling television characters to emerge in the new year. "The Outsider" is a very good series. Holly has all but stolen the show.

SATURDAY'S HIGHLIGHTS

The 2020 NHL All-Star Game (8 p.m., NBC).

A very short (six episodes) season concludes for "Flirty Dancing" (8 p.m., Fox, TV-PG), a reality spectacle that never really made much sense.

The 76ers host the Lakers in NBA basketball (8:30 p.m., ABC) action.

Hired to provide interior decoration for a widower and his daughter, a designer can't fight Cupid's floor plans in the 2019 romance "Hearts of Winter" (9 p.m., Hallmark, TV-G).

Adam Driver hosts "Saturday Night Live" (11:30 p.m., NBC, TV-14), featuring musical guest Halsey.

SUNDAY'S HIGHLIGHTS

"60 Minutes" has been preempted by "Grammy Red Carpet Live" (7 p.m., CBS).

Alicia Keys hosts the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards (8 p.m., CBS).

The doctor (Jodie Whittaker) races to save Gloucester from trigger-happy space police in the latest helping of "Doctor Who" (8 p.m., BBC America).

"The Impeachment of Donald J. Trump" (8 p.m., CNN) recaps events from the Senate trial.

"The Circus: Inside the Wildest Political Show on Earth" (8 p.m., Showtime, TV-14) returns for a fifth season to cover both impeachment drama and the impending primary season.

"Shameless" (9 p.m., Showtime, TV-MA) wraps ups its 10th season.

A murder occurs with supernatural trappings on "Vienna Blood" (10 p.m., PBS, TV-14, check local listings).

An optimistic scenario emerges on "Avenue 5" (10 p.m., HBO, TV-MA).

Election night proves tense as "The L Word: Generation Q" (10 p.m., Showtime, TV-MA) wraps up its eight-episode season.

Abby leaves her apartment to help Julia Sweeney with her radio showcase on the season finale of "Work in Progress" (11 p.m., Showtime, TV-MA).

CULT CHOICE

John Huston directed the 1980 adaptation of Flannery O'Connor's novel "Wise Blood" (6 p.m., Saturday, TCM, TV-14), starring Brad Dourif, Dan Shor and Harry Dean Stanton.

SATURDAY SERIES

Pictures on the post office walls on "FBI" (8 p.m., CBS, r, TV-14) ... Pride visits New York on "NCIS: New Orleans" (9 p.m., CBS, r, TV-14) ... "48 Hours" (10 p.m., CBS).

SUNDAY SERIES

"America's Got Talent" (7 p.m., NBC, r, TV-PG) ... Knock on wood on "The Simpsons" (8 p.m., Fox, r, TV-14) ... "America's Funniest Home Videos" (8 p.m., ABC, r, TV-PG) ... Birthday drama on "Batwoman" (8 p.m., CW, TV-14) ... Biology class cut-ups on "Bob's Burgers" (8:30 p.m., Fox, r, TV-14).

"American Ninja Warrior" (9 p.m., NBC, TV-PG) ... On two helpings of "Family Guy" (ABC, r, TV-14): Peter becomes the president's spokesman (9 p.m.); job insecurity (9:30 p.m.) ... On two helpings of "Shark Tank" (ABC, r, TV-PG): kids' shoes (9 p.m.); stem cells (10 p.m.) ... An unoriginal villain strikes on "Supergirl" (9 p.m., CW, TV-PG).

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Tune in Tonight: Oscar-nominated The Cave debuts on National Geographic - Daytona Beach News-Journal

CHICAGO - Brian Wallach wasn't supposed to live to see his younger daughter's first birthday.

Diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a terminal disease with no cure, doctors told him in 2017 that he might have six months to live.

Today, he's focused on being there for his daughter's future firsts: kindergarten drop-off, middle school dance, wedding day.

More than two years after his diagnosis, he has been lucky, he said, to experience relatively limited progression of his disease. After some balance issues, the Kenilworth resident now uses a cane - or, as he is careful to specify, a "cool walking stick" - to get around.

When Wallach was diagnosed, neither he nor his wife, Sandra Abrevaya, knew much about ALS, a neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord, eventually paralyzing even the body's ability to breathe.

In response to Wallach's diagnosis, the couple, both 39, launched I AM ALS in 2019. Former staffers in the Obama White House, they marshaled lessons learned while campaigning - gathering information, forming consensus, considering the impossible possible - to build a force to mobilize hope and change for those facing a disease they say can and should be cured.

Rays of hope are beginning to emerge through an innovative trial that received FDA approval last week to test several drugs at the same time, a bipartisan congressional caucus, doubled federal funding, and support from groups like the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, which gave the couple's organization a $453,000 grant in September.

"Last year we made hope a word that was OK to use," Wallach said. "This year we have to make hope real."

Audaciousness is the only option, the couple says, in their race against the clock.

Wallach logged 120,000 miles in the air last year, including traveling to Washington, D.C., in April, where he testified before Congress and asked legislators to amp up funding.

"Last year, every time someone said, 'Do you want to speak to us,' I said, 'yes.' Every time someone said, 'There's a meeting,' I said, 'I'm going.'" he said. "Every time there was anything, I said, 'Great, I'm on the plane.'"

Until October, when Wallach fell while exiting a Lyft in Boston after swinging a heavy backpack onto his back. Thirteen staples in his head later, and after terrifying Abrevaya with a phone call, the two agreed he wouldn't travel alone anymore. He's maintaining momentum for the cause with more hours in his home office and fewer in airports.

In December, I AM ALS debuted billboards around Times Square as part of its #CuresForAll campaign aimed at informing the public about the impact a cure or better treatment for a neurodegenerative disease can have on other diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. ALS patients and their families from states including Michigan, Maine and Colorado were in New York for the launch.

The billboards noted the number of people lost to ALS each day - 16 - with photographs of those who died in 2019. Days earlier, Pete Frates, a founder of the viral fundraiser the Ice Bucket Challenge, which raised $115 million, had died. He was 34.

The campaign was also shared on social media. The posts expressed the suffering and loss nationwide: a mother wrote about her son who was diagnosed at 20 and died at 28; a son posted in honor of his dad; Colorado Rep. Jason Crow posted a message honoring his cousin.

It's time, the couple said, to switch ALS conversations from a diagnosis rooted in darkness to the faces of people bravely moving forward. They want to speed development of potential cures and give patients more access to experimental treatments.

That's not an unreasonable goal, said Sabrina Paganoni, a faculty member at The Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass General in Boston, which plans to test at least five different medications for ALS at the same time, a first for the disease and something she said could be a huge turning point.

On Wednesday, the Healey Center announced it received FDA approval to move forward with testing the first three drugs: Zilucoplan, Verdiperstat and CNM-Au8. Similar to how cancer drugs are already tested, this gives patients access to more treatments and allows researchers to quickly collect data and accelerate the pace toward a cure.

"This is a very exciting time in the history of ALS," Paganoni said. "I think this is going to be the decade when ALS is changed from a rapidly fatal disease to a more chronic disease that we can manage."

For years, Steve Perrin, the chief executive officer at the ALS Therapy Development Institute, has monitored clinical trials for ALS. So far, he said, the two drugs approved by the FDA, Radicava and Rilutek, are "a very marginal slowing down of disease."

This year, he said the quality of drugs going into trials seems improved. He is excited about several trials, including one studying stem cells and another testing a drug to potentially slow progression in some patients.

"As a patient you want to see something measurable, and I don't mean measurable in days," he said. "If I'm a patient, I want to see something, and I want hope for myself and my family. I want something that is going to slow the disease down so I can watch my kids growing up, I can watch them graduate from college, I can watch them marry."

But that takes resources.

"We are in a time when we can reasonably say that there's going to be new treatments available," Paganoni said. "But we need more funding and support, so all of this can happen, and happen soon."

Nearly every moment feels like a push-pull for Wallach and Abrevaya.

Do they spend more precious minutes with their two daughters, ages 4 and 2, or do they spend time away, among strangers - on a plane, in a researcher's office, walking the halls of Congress - with the hope that those minutes will, someday, result in time banked to create more family memories.

"The hardest balance, if I'm honest, is, I love every minute I have with them," Wallach said about his daughters, "but I also feel this pressing sense of, I need to be working towards a goal of actually finding a cure."

"We're doing that so we have a shot at a real future together," Abrevaya said about their time spent traveling and advocating.

At home, when the family heads for the door, the toddlers reach for their father's shoes, and they get his walking stick.

"While that both fills your heart with joy and appreciation, it's also painful that your toddlers are being put in this position," Abrevaya said.

The parents guard normalcy. They take their daughters to swim at the neighborhood pool and on vacation with friends. Wallach wishes he could lift them above his head to touch the ceiling, like their uncle can. But he can lie on the floor and play with them; he can listen to them belt out songs on their purple karaoke machine.

They find ways to lighten a heavy subject. On New Year's Eve, the two danced in a video on the foundation's Instagram, singing into hairbrushes, and Wallach promised to get an "ALS: You Gone" tattoo if 20,000 people donated $10 to a Healey Center research fundraiser. It raised $40,000 in 24 hours, Wallach said. No matter the outcome, he plans to get the tattoo.

The couple, who both work full-time jobs - Abrevaya is the president of nonprofit Thrive, Wallach works at law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom - want more research, to create a patient navigation system, and to gather signatures for a letter asking new FDA commissioner Stephen Hahn to speed ALS patients' access to possible treatments.

And they keep looking for light. But it takes work.

Changing life with ALS for Wallach, and for other patients and their families, requires bold action from people with the power to make change: politicians, researchers, philanthropists.

As they meet others with ALS, they welcome new friends and face the pain of losing some.

"It does make you uniquely urgent in what you do," Wallach said. "You push because you have to. You push because you know that the time that we have is precious, and that you want to see 20 years from now. And know that you can make that happen."

Wallach often shares moments about his ALS journey on Twitter with his 40,000 followers. Recently, he shared something he wasn't sure he should. It was a time he was unable to find light.

On a recent night, he woke up to pain he's had for the past few months, radiating from his right hip to his right calf.

He clutched a stuffed llama his daughter gave him. And he began to cry.

"I cried because of the pain. I cried because I couldn't be the father to my girls I dreamed of being," he wrote. "I cried because I couldn't be the husband to my wife I dream of being. Because I saw the future zooming ahead, and for a brief moment I wondered if I would be a part of it."

His wife heard him crying that night. She asked what was wrong. And he said maybe they would be better off if he left, living instead in an assisted living facility. Their daughters, he told her, could have a dad who could do everything he dreamed of doing.

She looked at him in the dark. "You are my light," she said. "You are their light. The only way you are leaving us is if you die in my arms, and we aren't going to let that happen for a long, long, long time."

Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

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In a race against terminal illness, former Obama staffer with ALS and his wife find new hope a year later - PostBulletin.com

When it comes tochimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-celltherapy, the waiting may hardest part for revolutionary, lifesaving treatment for certain leukemias and lymphomas. Manufacturing personalized treatments from apatients own cells can take up to 3 weeks, and payer approval canadd more time. The process itself is complicated and costlyatleast $373,000 before administration costsand reimbursementhas sometimes been slow.1

Thats why results highlighted December 7, 2019, at the 61stAmerican Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting &Exposition in Orlando, Florida, focused on the next wave of innovation,which features allogeneic, or off-the-shelf, treatmentsthat could offer greater convenience and lower costsand maketreatment available to more patients.

Gary Schiller, MD, of University of California, Los Angeles,Health, who moderated a press briefing on several abstractspresented at the meeting, said that advances in CAR T-cell therapyare overcoming multiple barriers:

Although first-generation therapies primarily target theprotein CD19, the next wave of treatment will attackmultiple targets. Therapies in the pipeline will treat more blood cancers,including multiple myeloma. A uniform product will replace the complex manufacturingprocess.

When we approach unmet needs in medicine, we solveone and we create another, saidStephen J. Schuster, MD, ofPenn Medicines Abramson Cancer Center in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, who presented results on a novel therapy,mosunetuzumab. CAR T-cell therapy, Schuster said, has beena major advancehe led the JULIET trial in refractory B-celllymphomas that resulted in approval of the first therapy, Novartistisagenlecleucel (Kymriah).2 However, the two-thirds of patients that dont respond to CAR T-cell therapy are now our new unmetneed, he said.

Because patients eligible for CAR T are already quite ill, abouta third of those enrolled in clinical trials never make it to thepoint of getting therapy, ASH Secretary Robert A. Brodsky, MD,director of the Division of Hematology at Johns Hopkins School ofMedicine, said during a preview of the meeting.

Cost also poses a significant barrier to treatment.1,3 Academicmedical centers and Medicare have been locked in a struggleover how to pay for CAR T-cell therapy, because traditionalreimbursement designs were not created with this expensive,1-time treatment in mind.4 Although CMS announced in Augustthat 2020 would bring a modest increase in the new technologyadd-on payment, a November commentary in the Journal ofClinical Oncology pronounced that this quick fix does not go far enough.5 The authors estimated that hospitals lose $300,000 forevery patient treated with this technology.

Schuster presented results from a dosing study involvingmosunetuzumab, a bispecific antibody tested in 270 patientswith B-cell lymphomas that had returned or not responded toat least 3 therapies, including some patients who relapsed orfailed to respond to CAR T-cell therapy.6 The group included30 patients previously treated with CAR T-cell therapy. In a presspreview ahead of the 2019 meeting, ASH leaders speculated thatbispecific antibodies could supplant first-generation CAR T-cell treatments in some cancers if they can treat patients quicklyat a lower cost.

Unlike CAR T-cell therapy, mosunetuzumab does not requireindividualized genetic modification of a patients T cells. Instead,this therapy redirects T cells to engage and eliminate B cells,Schuster said. The new therapy produced durable responses in37% of the patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL), a group that would benefit most from not having towait for individualized manufactured cells. Higher exposure tomosunetuzumab brought better responses, and a higher-dose study is now enrolling patients, Schuster said.

Across the studies presented at the meeting, patients generallyexperienced lower grades of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) thanseen in the first generation of CAR T-cell therapy. Hospitalizationdue to CRS has been a significant contributor to cost in the firstgeneration of CAR T-cell therapy; estimates of managing severecases range from $56,000 to more than $200,000.7

However, Schiller said, ease of access will likely be the top sellingpoint of these new therapies in the coming years. An off-the-shelfproduct is attractive because of feasibility issues, Schiller said.For patients previously treated with CAR T-cell therapy, it appearsthis new wave of treatments may salvage responses after a relapse,he said: It all depends on durability.

[For a] simple clinicianwho needs to take care of patientswith desperate diseases, tolerability is secondary to access andfeasibility, Schiller continued. So whatever productbe itcellular or bifunctionalthat we have access to tomorrow will bebetter and easier for us to use.

Abstracts presented at the briefing highlighted whatsin the pipeline:

MOSUNETUZUMAB. Schuster reported on complete remission (CR)in patients with relapsed/refractory NHL who were treated withthe study drug. In this phase 1/1b open-label study, accordingto the abstract, mosunetuzumab is given with step-up dosing ondays 1, 8, and 15 of cycle 1, then as a fixed-dose on day 1 of each subsequent 21-day cycle, for a maximum of 17 cycles. Outcomesare best objective response rate (ORR), maximum tolerated dose(MTD), and tolerability.6

Results were the following:

The treatment produced promising responses in patientswith aggressive NHL. Among 124 patients (diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma), ORR was 37.1%(46 patients) and CR was 19.4% (24 patients) (FIGURE). As expected, responses were better for patients withindolent NHL. Among the 67 patients, ORR was 62.7%(42 patients), and 29 (43.3%) had a CR. Among the first 18 patients with prior CAR T-celltherapy, ORR was 38.9% (7 patients), and 4 patients(22.2%) had a CR. Four patients were able to be retreated with mosunetuzumab;among these, 3 (75%) had an ORR, and 1 had a CR.

I have stopped therapy in some patients after 6 months, andthey have remained in remission, Schuster said. Some patientshave remained in remission without additional therapy formore than a year.

CAR NK PROOF-OF-CONCEPT. Bob Valamehr, PhD,of Fate Therapeutics, presented proof-of-conceptdata on an off-the-shelf cellular immunotherapythat targets 2 proteins on the surface of lymphomacells.8 The treatment, a targeted CAR natural killer(NK) cell, would be enhanced with features totake advantage of the properties of NK cellstheirability to attack and kill many types of cellswhileextending the cells durability. NK cells are multifacetedand can be viewed as a jack-of-all-trades whenit comes to protecting the host, whereas T cells canact in only 1 way, Valamehr said.

Fate Therapeutics developed a master line of NKcells induced from specialized stem cells (iNK cells),known as FT596, which overcomes a challenge of CAR T therapy: lack of uniformity that can occurwith individualized products. When you [manufacture]the product, not every cell is engineered, andnot every engineered cell is pristine, Valamehr said.

According to the abstract,8 FT596 cells aredesigned to carry 3 genes at once:

An NK cell-calibrated CAR that targets CD19 Noncleavable CD16, which enhancesbinding activity A recombinant fusion of interleukin (IL) 15and IL-15 receptor- (IL-R) that extendspersistence of the cells

Investigators did experiments in both in vitroand in mouse models and found that iNK cellsengineered with both CD19-CAR and IL-R werecurative against B-cell lymphoma comparedwith iNK cells either alone or modified only withCD19-CAR. The investigators next performed testsusing various combinations with rituximab andreported that only FT596 was able to effectivelyeliminate the CD19 antigen escaped target cell.7

According to the abstract, experiments usingthe allogeneic therapy on a mouse model showedthat FT596 demonstrated improved survivaland safety over primary CAR19 T cells, whetherused as alone or in combination with rituximab.Experiments with rituximab showed great potentialfor that combination.

If successful, this approach could be administeredmuch like traditional therapies, according toValamehr. The process creates a homogeneous,high-quality product thats low cost, he said.Each dose is $2500. Its directly infused; there is noprocessing needed, so it becomes a true, administeredoff-the-shelf product in an outpatient setting.

MULTIPLE MYELOMA. The session also covered apair of CAR T-cell therapies for multiple myeloma,taking advantage of the dual target approach.Results from CARTITUDE-1,9 funded by Janssen,confirm results from the LEGEND-2 study10 for atherapy containing 2 proteins designed to targetthe B-cell maturation antigen. Deepu Madduri,MD, of Mount Sinai in New York, New York, sharedthe news that the FDA granted JNJ-4528 breakthroughtherapy designation on the eve of the ASH meetingDecember 6, 2019.11

We know that there have been a lot of advancesover the last few years [in] multiple myeloma,Madduri said, and so people are living longer.However, for patients who have failed all availabletherapies, median overall survival is less than12 months, he said.

This study involved 29 patients, 25 of whom had atleast 3 prior therapies, including autologous transplantation.The investigators said the results showthat JNJ-4528 at a dose of 0.75 x 106 CAR-positivecells/kg brings an early and deep response, featuringminimal residual disease negativity in all evaluablepatients tested.9

Of note: Not only were CRS events of lower gradethan in first-generation CAR T therapies, butthe median time of onset was 7 days, >90%between 5 and 9 days, later than in the past. Neurotoxicity was infrequently observed andgenerally low grade. Early and deep responses were seen: 100%ORR, with CR 69% at 6 months. The median time to first response was 1month, as was the median time to CR; 27 of 29patients were progression free at 6 months.

1. Andrews M. Staggering price slow insurers coverage of CAR-T cancertherapy. Kaiser Health News. khn.org/news/staggering-prices-slow-insurers-coverage-of-car-t-cancer-therapy/. Published July 17, 2018.Accessed December 10, 2019.

2. Schuster SJ, Bishop MR, Tam CS, et al; JULIET investigators. Tisagenlecleucelin adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.N Engl J Med. 2019;380(1):45-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804980.

3. Worcester S. Barriers to CAR T use in the spotlight at first Europeanmeeting. MDedge website. mdedge.com/hematology-oncology/article/195404/immuno-oncology/barriers-car-t-use-spotlight-first-european.Published February 28, 2019. Accessed December 10, 2019.

4. Caffrey M. NCCN panel digs into reality of CAR T-cell reimbursement.The American Journal of Managed Care website. ajmc.com/conferences/nccn-2019/nccn-panel-digs-into-reality-of-car-tcell-reimbursement.Published March 21, 2019. Accessed December 10, 2019.

5. Manz CR, Porter DL, Bekelman JE, et al. Innovation and access atthe mercy of payment policy: the future of chimeric antigen receptortherapies [published online November 1, 2019]. J Clin Oncol.doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.01691.

6. Schuster SJ, Bartlett NL, Assouline S, et al. Mosunetuzumab inducescomplete remissions in poor prognosis non-Hodgkin lymphomapatients, including those who are resistant to or relapsing after chimericantigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, and is active in treatmentthrough multiple lines. Presented at: 61st American Society of HematologyMeeting & Exposition; December 7-10, 2019; Orlando, FL. Abstract 6.ash.confex.com/ash/2019/webprogram/Paper123742.html.

7. Mulcahy N. Whats the total cost of one CAR T-cell treatment? Medscapewebsite. medscape.com/viewarticle/895735. Published April 26, 2018.Accessed December 7, 2019.

8. Goodridge JP, Mahnood S, Zhu H, et al. Translation of first-of-kindmulti-antigen targeted off-the-shelf CAR-NK cell with engineeredpersistence for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Presented at:61st American Society of Hematology Meeting & Exposition; December7-10, 2019; Orland, FL. Abstract 301. ash.confex.com/ash/2019/webprogram/Paper129319.html.

9. Madduri D, Usmani SZ, Janannath S. Results from CARTITUDE-1: aphase 1b/2 study of JNJ-4528, a CAR-T cell therapy directed againstB-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), in patients with relapsed and/orrefractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM). Poster and abstract presentedat: 61st American Society of Hematology Meeting & Exposition; December7-10, 2019; Orlando, FL. Abstract 577. ash.confex.com/ash/2019/webprogram/Paper121731.html.

10. Xu J, Chen LJ, Yang SS, et al. Exploratory trial of a biepitopic CART-targeting B cell maturation antigen in relapsed/refractory multiplemyeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(19):9543-9551. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819745116.

11. House D. J&J CAR T nabs accelerated review status in US for multiplemyeloma. Seeking Alpha website. seekingalpha.com/news/3524575-jand-j-car-t-nabs-accelerated-review-status-in-u-s-for-multiple-myeloma.Published and accessed December 6, 2019.

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CAR T-Cell Therapy and Beyond: Off-the-Shelf Therapies Among Innovations at ASH 2019 - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network