Category Archives: South Carolina Stem Cells

BIOL 101- Biological Principles I(3 Credits)

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Biology (BIOL) < University of South Carolina

Hurricane Ian is approaching the Southeast and is expected to bring significant amounts of rain and heavy winds to South Carolina over the weekend. The latest forecasts show Ian traveling northeast towards the Atlantic, then northward through western South Carolina.

Clemson Extension agents advise specialty crop growers in The South Carolina Grower to be prepared to experience damaging winds, excessive rainfall and power outages. After the wind and rain have passed and it is safe to do so, take lots of photos of any damage experienced on your farm for insurance purposes.

Structural and Land Considerations

Be sure to anchor down or put anything away that may blow away in a stiff wind. Numerous high tunnels were damaged or took flight in Hurricane Matthew in 2016. If possible, it wouldnt be a bad idea to remove the plastic from the frame to protect its structural integrity in the wind. If that is not possible, cutting the plastic will work if the winds get strong enough to warrant it (but wait until the last minute to make this decision). Make sure ditches are clear around production areas so excess water will be able to drain unimpeded. If there is enough time, digging drainage furrows in areas prone to holding water may be helpful as well.

Disease Considerations

Winds and rain from Hurricane Ian may bring fungal spores or bacterial cells into fields in South Carolina. Before the rain starts on Thursday, cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, and watermelon crops should be sprayed with a fungicide to protect them from downy mildew. Ranman is suggested. The extended periods of leaf wetness will promote the development of gummy stem blight and anthracnose. Systemic fungicides are needed now because they will move into the leaf and provide residual control after the residue on the leaf surface is washed off due to excessive rains. Quadris Top is one of the few fungicides that will protect against both gummy stem blight and anthracnose. Other systemic products include Inspire Super or Miravis Prime for gummy stem blight and Topsin M for anthracnose.

Black rot on brassica crops is typically seen after a hurricane because the wind-driven rain spreads the bacterium. Since black rot is already present in several areas, it is likely to be much worse after the hurricane. No chemicals are effective enough to provide useful protection before a hurricane. Growers should consider harvesting early if the crop is close enough to maturity.

Food Safety Considerations

Flood waters resulting from a natural disaster present a food safety risk to food crops. Flooding, as defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is the flowing or overflowing of a field with water outside a growers control. Pooled water resulting from rainfall or irrigation systems does not pose the same risks as flood water. Flood water can contain hazards from runoff or sewage. These hazards may be biological (bacteria, viruses, parasites) and/or chemical (petroleum, heavy metals, chemicals, etc.). If present, they may cause illness or injury to consumers.

Also, be aware that produce in cold storage can degrade rapidly if power is lost. If backup generators are available, make sure they are in good working order.

Continue reading here:
Hurricane Ian Preparation Considerations for South Carolina Fruit and ...

Cucumber Beetles

Cucumber beetle damage can occur on the watermelon fruit.Barbara H. Smith, 2018,HGIC, Clemson Extension

The spotted, striped, and banded cucumber beetles are very harmful to cucurbits (members of the gourd family, including cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squashes), particularly young plants. Beetles commence feeding on plants as soon as they emerge and either kill the plants or greatly slow growth. In cucurbit plantings throughout South Carolina, beetles have been observed entering the soil through cracks and feeding on seedlings below the soil surface. Beetles are present throughout the growing season and feed on all parts of the plant, including the flowers and fruit.

Spotted cucumber beetle adult (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi).J.P. Michaud, Kansas State University, http://www.insectimages.org

Cucumber beetles also transmit bacterial wilt of cucurbits. This disease overwinters (survives the winter) in the intestines of the beetles and is spread from plant to plant as the beetles feed. Infected plants eventually wilt and die. Many new varieties of cucurbits have resistance to bacterial wilt. Cucumber beetle larvae (immature forms) feed on the roots and bore into both roots and stems of cucumber plants.

Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum).Clemson University USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, http://www.insectimages.org

The yellowish-green adult spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) has 11 black spots and a black head with black antennae. The yellowish-white larvae have brown heads and are -inch (19 mm) long when grown.

The yellow adult striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) is about 1/5-inch (5 mm) long with three longitudinal black stripes on the top wings. The whitish larvae are about inch (8.5 mm) when grown.

Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata).Ottens, University of Georgia, http://www.insectimages.org

The adult banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata) is yellowish-green with three bright green stripes or bands running across the wing covers. In a home vegetable garden, control measures include the use of fabric row covers, such as spun-bonded polyester. These covers provide an effective barrier between the insect and young plants. Remember to remove the covers during flowering to ensure pollination. Handpicking to remove the beetles is time-consuming but effective. In addition, several predators and parasites are enemies of cucumber beetles. Eliminate weeds in and around the garden.

Adult squash beetle (Epilachna borealis), with spiny larva at left. Clemson University USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, http://www.insectimages.org

The squash beetle (Epilachna borealis) is one of two species of Coccinellidae known to occur in the United States that eat plant material rather than other insects. The squash beetle feeds upon the leaves of cucurbits. The other species, the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis), a close relative of the squash beetle, is a serious bean pest.

The adult of the squash beetle overwinters in crop debris. All other lady beetles are beneficial because they feed on insect pests, such as aphids and scale insects.

Destroy crop residues after harvest and reduce overwintering sites by tilling.

Two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) can be a serious problem on cucurbits, especially on watermelons and cantaloupes, during hot, dry weather. These tiny mites feed on the contents of individual cells of the leaves. This damage appears as pale yellow and reddish-brown spots ranging in size from small specks to large whitish, stippled areas on the upper sides of leaves. Damage can develop very quickly, and the mites can kill or seriously stunt the growth of plants. Because of their small size, spider mites are hard to detect until vines are damaged with hundreds of mites on each leaf. Certain insecticides applied at planting or as a foliar spray for insect control apparently contribute to severe outbreaks of mites on melons by killing their natural enemies.

Typical stippling damage to leaves from two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae).Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, http://www.insectimages.org

Extreme close-up of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae).David Cappaert, Michigan State University, http://www.insectimages.org

Insecticidal soaps generally offer adequate control when applied before the numbers are too high. Make two applications five days apart. Squash leaves are easily burned by insecticidal soaps, so use the most dilute concentration recommended and use sparingly. Do not spray plants in direct sun or if plants are drought-stressed. Spider mites can also be controlled with neem oil extract. Mites can be removed with a strong spray of water. Predatory mites and beneficial insects, such as lady beetles and minute pirate bugs, are important natural controls.

Melon aphids, also known as cotton aphids (Aphis gossyppi).Mississippi State University Archive, Mississippi State University, http://www.insectimages.org

Melon aphids (Aphis gossyppi) and several other aphid species attack cucurbits, particularly melons and cucumbers. Melon aphids vary in size and color from light yellow to green to black. Some are winged, while others are wingless.

They are found chiefly on the underside of the leaves, where they suck the sap from the plants and cause a reduction in the quality and quantity of the fruit. Infested leaves curl downward and may turn brown and die. The melon aphid also is one of the chief vectors in transmitting Cucumber mosaic virus. Usually, cucurbits are not attacked by aphids until the vines form runners.

Consider natural controls when making treatment decisions. Beneficial insects are extremely important in keeping aphid populations in check. Infestations usually are higher in hot, dry summers following cool, dry springs, which have reduced the efficiency of the natural enemies. In addition to natural enemies, you can spray leaves with soapy water, then rinse with clear water. Spraying with insecticidal soap, planting in aluminum foil-covered beds, and filling yellow pans with water to trap the aphids are also effective control measures.

An adult squash bug (Anasa tristis).Zack Snipes, 2020, Clemson Extension

The squash bug (Anasa tristis) is one of the most common and troublesome pests in the home vegetable garden. Squash plants frequently are killed by this sap-feeding pest. Leaves of plants attacked by the bugs may wilt rapidly and become brittle. Winter varieties of squash, such as Hubbard and Marrows, are much more severely damaged by the squash bug than other varieties. Control is required to protect squash in the home garden.

The adult squash bug is rather large, brownish-black, and flat-backed. It is about -inch (1.6 cm) long and approximately as wide. The young, called nymphs, are whitish to greenish-gray, with black legs. They vary in size from tiny, spider-like individuals when first hatched to maturing nymphs, which are nearly as large as the winged adults.

Squash bug egg mass and freshly hatched nymphs (Anasa tristis).Zack Snipes, 2020, Clemson Extension

Squash bugs overwinter in protected places as unmated adults. They appear rather slowly in the spring. They mate and begin laying egg clusters about the time vines begin to grow and spread. Eggs are yellowish-brown to brick red in color and are laid in clusters of a dozen or more on the leaves. They hatch in about 10 days into nymphs that become adults in four to six weeks. Only one generation of bugs develops each year. New adults do not mate until the following spring.

The squash bug is secretive in its habits. Adults and nymphs may be found clustered about the crown of the plant, beneath damaged leaves, and under clods or any other protective ground cover. They scamper for cover when disturbed. The secretive nature of squash bugs can be used to your advantage in controlling these pests. Place a small, square piece of old shingle or heavy cardboard under each squash plant. As bugs congregate under it for protection, simply lift the trap and smash them with your hoe (or shoe). Other control methods include early planting and removing eggs and nymphs by hand.

Remove and destroy vines and discarded fruit after harvest to eliminate overwintering sites. Early detection of squash bugs is very important, as they are difficult to control and can cause considerable damage. Apply insecticides when nymphs are small, as adults are more difficult to kill.

Squash vine borer larva (Melittia cucurbitae) and damage.Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia, http://www.insectimages.org

Squash vine borer larva (Melittia cucurbitae) and damage.Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia, http://www.insectimages.orgThe squash vine borer (Melittia cucurbitae) ranges from Canada to Argentina and is the most serious enemy of squashes and gourds. It causes much trouble where only a few plants are grown in gardens. It rarely attacks cucumbers and melons. Great variations exist in the susceptibility of squash and pumpkin varieties. Butternut and Green-Striped Cushaw varieties are practically immune to attack, but Hubbard squash is highly susceptible.

Close-up of squash vine borer larva (Melittia cucurbitae).Clemson University USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org

Damage is caused by larvae (immature forms) tunneling into stems. This tunneling often kills plants, especially when the larvae feed in the basal portions of vines. Sometimes fruits are also attacked. Sudden wilting of a vine and sawdust-like insect waste (frass) coming from holes in the stem are evidence of an attack.

The adult is one of the moths known as clear wings because the hind wings are almost without scales. It is 1 inches (3.8 cm) in wing expanse and metallic greenish-black. Hind legs are fringed with black and orange hairs, and markings of similar color occur over much of the abdomen.

The moths are day fliers and are often mistaken for wasps. Larvae are white, heavy-bodied, and considerably over 1-inch (2.54 cm) long when fully grown.

The insect overwinters in the soil as a larva or pupa (a non-feeding stage where the larva changes to an adult) enclosed in a cocoon. Moths emerge in early summer and lay eggs on the stems of the plants, usually late May in the South. Upon hatching, larvae bore into vines and complete their development in four or more weeks. Then they leave the plant, crawl into the soil, spin a cocoon, and transform into a pupa. There are two generations in South Carolina.

In a vegetable garden, various measures can be taken to control this pest. Till the soil in late winter to expose overwintering insects. Rotate squash to another location in the garden each season. Destroy vines that have been killed to break the life cycle. You can slit the infested vine lengthwise and remove borers or kill them with a long pin or needle. Place soil over slit stem after removing the borer to encourage root development and keep plants well-watered. Plant as early as the weather allows since borers do not emerge until early summer.

Tromboncino is an Italian heirloom cultivar of the species Cucurbita moschata, aka the butternut squash. Most butternuts are grown as winter squash, where the fruit is harvested when mature, sweet, and dense. However, like summer squash, tromboncino squash are harvested and eaten when the fruits are young and tender. The best part is that all butternut squashes are essentially immune to squash vine borer due to the species dense, solid stems. This trait holds for Tromboncino as well. For more information, please see: https://hgic.clemson.edu/tromboncino-squash/

The pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis) severely damages cucumbers, cantaloupes, summer squash, and pumpkins. It also feeds on other cucurbits, such as winter squash and watermelons, but usually does little damage.

Pickleworms (Diaphania nitidalis) bore into cucurbit fruit, and their frass is pushed out.Joey Williamson, 2016 HGIC, Clemson Extension

Pickleworm damage occurs when the caterpillars tunnel in flowers, buds, stems, and fruits. They prefer the fruits. Frass (sawdust-like insect waste) often protrudes from small holes in damaged fruits. At times, damaged fruits cannot be recognized until they are cut open. Damaged fruits are not edible. Flowers, buds, and sometimes entire plants may be killed.

In South Carolina, pickleworms starve or freeze to death during the winter. They overwinter in Florida and spread northward each spring. Severe damage usually does not occur before summer in South Carolina. Heavy populations generally do not build up before the first flower buds open; however, late crops may be destroyed before blossoming. The pickleworm has complete metamorphosis, passing through four distinct stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) during development.

Pickleworm larvae (Diaphania nitidalis) inside fruit.Clemson University USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, http://www.insectimages.org

Eggs are yellow, irregularly shaped, and resemble grains of sand. They are laid singularly or in small groups on leaves and hatch in three to four days.

Larvae feed first on buds, blossoms, and tender terminals but soon move to the fruits. These brown-headed caterpillars molt (shed their skin) four times before they become about -inch (1.9 cm) long and fully grown in nine to 28 days. The body is yellowish-white at first, but many reddish-brown spots appear on the back after the first molt. After the last molt, the caterpillar loses its spots and becomes solid green or copper. Finally, the caterpillar stops feeding, becomes pink to pale green, and spins a thin silk cocoon around itself, usually within a folded-over portion of a leaf where it pupates (becomes a pupa).

Pupae (the non-feeding stage where the larva changes to an adult) are light to dark brown and slightly more than -inch long. Pupae are usually found in a rolled leaf. However, they have been found inside cantaloupe and summer squash in rare instances. Adults usually emerge after seven to 10 days.

Adults are brownish-yellow moths that have a rounded brush of hairs at the rear of the body. The brownish-yellow wings have a purplish sheen, translucent yellow-white centers, and a spread of about 1 inch (2.54 cm). Moths are active at night.

Select early maturing varieties and plant as early as possible before pickleworm population peaks. Destroy damaged fruit and crush rolled sections of leaves to kill pupae. The more resistant varieties are Butternut 23, Summer Crookneck, Early Prolific Straightneck, and Early Yellow Summer Crookneck.

Begin spraying susceptible cucurbits for pickleworms when the first buds or flowers appear and spray every 4 to 7 days with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or every 7 days with spinosad. Always spray in the evening to enhance control and to reduce the impact on pollinating insects. See Table 2 for products containing Bt or spinosad.

Whiteflies are commonly found on the underside of cucurbit leaves. Zack Snipes 2019Zack Snipes 2016, Clemson Extension

Whiteflies are approximately one-thirty-second of an inch long and appear white or cream-colored. They undergo four nymphal stages before they pupate and become adults. Typically, whiteflies are found in groups and are commonly on the underside of plant leaves.

Whiteflies are a common pest of cucurbit crops and may cause silverleaf disorder and vector (or spread) numerous harmful viruses. Whiteflies also weaken plants by feeding on their sap. Sticky honeydew is excreted as whiteflies feed. As honeydew is excreted, it falls to lower parts of the plants and often develops becomes covered with a dark-colored sooty mold. This occurrence reduces the photosynthetic capability of the plant and can result in reduced yields.

Whiteflies can be managed culturally by providing proper nutrition and irrigation for plants. Cultivars of cucurbits with resistance against viruses can also help in reducing yield loss. In addition, using reflective mulches has proven to be effective against whitefly feeding and disease transmission. In South Carolina, whitefly populations are higher in the warmer months going into the fall, which allows spring crops the opportunity to avoid severe infestation. As with many other soft-bodied pests, there are many beneficial insects that help manage whitefly populations, such as lacewings, bigeyed bugs, lady beetles, and minute pirate bugs. Many products effective against aphids are also effective in managing whiteflies.

White and brown melonworm adults lay white to greenish eggs in small clusters, typically on the underside of cucurbit leaves.Zack Snipes 2019, Clemson Extension

The melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata) is a mid-summer to fall pest of summer and winter squash and cucumber in South Carolina. The pests migrate from tropical regions of Florida each year and usually arrive by late June or July. Higher population levels are usually observed in fall-planted cucurbits. After eggs are laid, the larvae (caterpillars) will undergo five instars before pupating. The later instars are pale to dark green with two horizontal cream-colored stripes down the length of their back. The larvae feed on the leaf tissue, often leaving the veins intact, creating a skeletonized look. It is common to see leaves rolled or folded over to serve as a hiding spot as the melonworm pupates.

The adult moth is very distinguishable by its pearly white body, wings with a thick, dark outline, and brushy hairpencils at the tip of its abdomen. The melonworm usually completes its lifecycle within thirty days.

A melonworm larvae and a pile of frass left behind.Zack Snipes 2018, Clemson Extension

Spring planted cucurbits will escape most melonworm damage. In fall-planted gardens, careful scouting will help reduce infestations and damage. Many beneficial insects prey on or parasitize the melonworm, such as parasitic wasps, tachinid flies, ground beetles, and soldier beetles; therefore, avoid applying broad-spectrum chemicals, such as pyrethroids and neonicotinoids for melonworm management. Formulations of Bt and neem work well for managing melonworm and have less of an impact on beneficial insect populations.

Reference: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/leaf/melonworm.htm

Table 1 lists the natural and conventional contact insecticides for the control of insect pests of cucumbers, squash, and melons. However, limit the use of broad-spectrum contact insecticides, such as malathion, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin permethrin, cypermethrin, and pyrethrin, all of which kill beneficial predators and parasites of insect pests. Monitor the vegetables for the buildup of insect pests. Natural, less toxic pesticides may give good control and should be tried first.

Table 2 lists examples of available brands and products of natural and contact insecticides labeled for use on cucumbers, squash, and melons. It also gives the pre-harvest interval (PHI) for each insecticide, which is the number of days to wait between insecticide application and harvest.

For aphid or spider mite control, use insecticidal soap sprays first. Alternatively, control heavy populations of aphids or spider mites with sprays of neem oil extract. Cucumber beetles or squash beetles can be somewhat effectively controlled effectively using spinosad, but wait three days after spraying before harvest.

For vine borers and pickleworms control after mid-June, apply neem oil extract weekly, and spray in the evening to reduce the impact on pollinating insects. Bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, or cypermethrin will control cucumber beetles, squash bugs, squash vine borers, and pickleworms, but wait 3, 7, or 1 days, respectively, after spraying and before harvest.

Table 1. Natural, Less Toxic Pesticides & Contact Pesticides to Control Cucurbit Insect Pests.

Table 2. Examples of Insecticides for Cucumber, Squash & Melon Pest Control.

3

1 RTU = Ready to Use (pre-mixed spray bottle)

2 RTS = Ready to Spray (hose-end applicator)

If this document didnt answer your questions, please contact HGIC at hgic@clemson.edu or 1-888-656-9988.

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Cucumber, Squash, Melon & Other Cucurbit Insect Pests

COLONIAL HEIGHTS - A beloved seven-year-old Shih Tzu named Pedro went missing for four days. The Phelps family was vacationing out of state when it happened.

"My father was watching Pedro, and he got away from him," said Troy Phelps. "He lives behind Carini's. He tried to track him down and wasn't able to find him."

"I felt horrible and just wanted Pedro home," said Troy and Crystal's 18-year-old son Collin.

On Thursday, July 15, the Phelps received the devastating news. Theydid what they could from afar, but as one would imagine, they wished they were home so they could help with the search.

The community went into action to help bring Pedro home to the family who holds a special place in their hearts.

Last year during the unprecedented time when people were fighting for equality and weathering COVID-19, Crystal Phelps initiated a kindness movement in our readership area.

Founder Gini Bonnell of Richmond had many angels across the nation follow her lead of making "Be Kind" signs and sharing them with friends, neighbors, businesses, schools, etc. to spread the message of love and kindness.

Over 6,000 "Be Kind" signs have been produced by volunteers in the Bonnell's garage so far. From time to time, Pedro rides in Crystal Phelps's bicycle basket to help deliver them.

A year ago, Troy Phelps donated stem cells to save a stranger's life.

"We met the recipient Dalton Grizzle in May, and they invited us on their family vacation," shared Crystal Phelps. "He said that if he lived he wanted to be able to have one family vacation, and he invited us to be a part of it. That's where we were when Pedro ran off."

Grizzle, diagnosed with aplastic anemia, needed a stem cell transplant to survive.

Thankful for Crystal's uplifting mission that produces miles of smiles and Troy's act of becoming a miracle blood stem cell donor the community rallied together to find Pedro.

Kindness movement brings smiles: 'Be Kind' founder sends thousands of positive messages out into the universe

Kindness is contagious: "Be Kind" signs continue to travel at warp speed across the nation during the pandemic

Putting on the dog: Petersburg K9 officer gets bulletproof, knife-proof vest from charity

'Kids played it on street corners': Fort Lee coworker shares Indian family tradition

Gina Hope Trainor of Chester who had lost her dog Bashy in the past went into action and created a "Let's Find Pedro" Facebook account. Trainor encouraged followers to post sightings and share Pedro's photos and information across social media platforms.

Trainor also provided tips such as not to congregate or park at or near stop signs and not to affix signs to light poles, city signs, or city property.

The Colonial Heights Animal Services had been notified and were on the lookout. And, an experienced tracker was providing advice on how to proceed with the search so as not to frighten Pedro.

"We are in South Carolina trying our fastest to get there! I will get my bike and ride once we arrive. My husband will take our vehicle," posted Crystal Phelps on Facebook. "Words can't describe how blessed and loved we feel as we feel so helpless."

"We didn't get back into town until Saturday," said Troy Phelps.

Unfortunately, storms took place over the weekend which caused more concern for Pedro's well-being.

As soon as I heard about Pedro's disappearance, I reached out to pay it forward to this family that has made such a positive impact in the lives of many.

On the fourth day since Pedro had bolted, I met with the distressedcouple who were out distributing flyers holding out hope.

The three of us created a video to help find Pedro.

Moments before I was ready to publish the story to get the word out, my phone rang and a beautiful melody played in my ear...Pedro was safe and sound!

On his adventure, Pedro wandered across Boulevard's four lanes. On Friday morning, two friends, Alston Chamberlain and Joseph Clark discovered the thrill-seeking canine across the street from Carini's.

"He came right to us," said Chamberlain.

Since Pedro's new amigos couldn't locate his owners, they decided to care for him themselves until the shelter opened on Monday.

According to Clark's mom, her son and Chamberlain spoiled Pedro and took him to Petsmart to get supplies. When she spotted a post about Pedro on social media, she promptlyprovided the phone numbers to her son.

Collin Phelps expressed his gratitude for the community'sefforts and support.

"Thank you everyonefor the amazing support we received," said Crystal Phelps. "I am truly humbled and greatly appreciative that everyone did to help us in the search for Pedro."

"Pedro was a little stunned when he was reunited after being gone for several days," said Crystal Phelps. "He is so happy to be home."

Upon his return,Pedro enjoyed a treat andtook a much-needed nap.

"Thank you to each of you that have helped," posted Jeri Nicole. "There really are KIND folks."

Nicole thanked the trappers and anyone who worked on flyers,prayed, and rode around at all hours.

The Phelps family gave a shout-out to the following people for helping them:Karen Thomlinson, Gina Trainor, Adam Whittemore, Kelly Jones, Nicole Clendinning, Tonya Tucker, Rob Ruxer, Susan, Chris andKatelyn Lane, prayer warriors, church family, and countless others they dont even know.

"We are floored by the outpouring of support from this community and surrounding area," said Troy Phelps.

"I can't thank you enough for helping this sweet family. Pedro is healthy and happy," added Nicole. "As a community, Colonial Heights folks came together to love each other and unite for one common goal...to bring Pedro HOME!"

- Kristi K. Higgins aka The Social Butterfly columnist is the trending topics and food Q&A reporter at The Progress-Index. Have a news tip on local trends or businesses? Contact Kristi (she, her) at khiggins@progress-index.com, follow @KHiggins_PI on Twitter, and subscribe to us at progress-index.com.

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Colonial Heights community rally to find missing dog while owners are out of state - Progress Index

The global Cancer Stem Cells market is driven by the various factors, a detailed analysis of which is included in the report. The report provides valuable recommendation to the companies in order to help them adapt winning strategies. It comprises the information pertaining to the opportunities and threats that the global Cancer Stem Cells market is projected to witness during the forecast period. Industry-leading tools are used to provide detail information regarding the companies profiled. The report also provides in-depth analysis of the competition prevailing in the global Cancer Stem Cells market.

The product portfolio, strategies, and financial reports of leading companies are analyzed in this report. SWOT analysis is conducted to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that these companies forecast to witness during the forecast period. The data is obtained from various trusted sources which includes industry experts and analysts. This report serves as the must have tool for all the companies in the Cancer Stem Cells industry across the world.

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Market Segmented are as Follows:

Segmented by Category:

Cell Culturing Cell Separation Cell Analysis Molecular Analysis Others

Segmented by End User/Segment:

Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Others

Key manufacturers included in this survey:

Thermo Fisher Scientific Stemline Therapeutics Stemcell Technologies Sino Biological Promocell Oncomed Pharmaceuticals Miltenyi Biotec Merck Kgaa Macrogenics Lonza Irvine Scientific Biotime Bionomics Abbvie

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Cancer Stem Cells Market Regional Analysis Includes:

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Product Introduction and Overview

1.1 Product Definition

1.2 Product Specification

1.3 Global Market Overview

1.4 Market Drivers, Inhibitors

Chapter 2: Global Cancer Stem Cells Supply by Company

Chapter 3: Global and Regional Cancer Stem Cells Market Status by Category

3.1 Cancer Stem Cells Category Introduction

3.2 Global Cancer Stem Cells Market by Category

3.3 North America: by Category

3.4 Europe: by Category

3.5 Asia Pacific: by Category

3.6 Central & South America: by Category

3.7 Middle East & Africa: by Category

Chapter 4: Global and Regional Cancer Stem Cells Market Status by End User/Segment

Chapter 5: Global Cancer Stem Cells Market Status by Region

Chapter 6: North America Cancer Stem Cells Market Status

Chapter 7: Europe Cancer Stem Cells Market Status

Chapter 8: Asia Pacific Cancer Stem Cells Market Status

Chapter 9: Central & South America Cancer Stem Cells Market Status

Chapter 10: Middle East & Africa Cancer Stem Cells Market Status

Chapter 11: Supply Chain and Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 12: Global Cancer Stem Cells Market Forecast by Category and by End User/Segment

12.1 Global Cancer Stem Cells Sales Volume and Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)

12.2 Global Cancer Stem Cells Forecast by Category

12.3 Global Cancer Stem Cells Forecast by End User/Segment

Chapter 13: Global Cancer Stem Cells Market Forecast by Region/Country

Chapter 14: Key Participants Company Information

Chapter 15: Conclusion

Chapter 16: Methodology

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Some of the vital questions related to the development of the global Cancer Stem Cells market have been addressed in the research report. Some of them are:

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Cancer Stem Cells Market Production, Sales And Consumption Status And Prospects Professional Automotive Information and Safety System Market Research...

A thorough overview of the global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) market has been presented in this market intelligence study in order to provide a strong understanding of the market. The research report offers a comprehensive analysis of the lucrative opportunities and latest trends within the global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) market. In addition, the study comprises strategic business policies that have been adopted by the leading players operating in the global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) market, along with the key growth drivers, limitations, challenges, regulatory ecosystem, and future estimates of the global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) market throughout the forecast period.

The research study talks about the competitive landscape of the global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) market and offers a detailed analysis for the same. In order to provide a clear picture of the market, the research study has provided a list of all the leading players operating in the market across the globe and also provide coronavirus pandemic impacts analysis. Additionally, the product segmentation, SWOT analysis, and financial overview of these players have been mentioned in the research study.

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Market Segmented are as Follows:

Segmented by Category:

CellSearch Others

Segmented by End User/Segment:

Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Other Cancers Diagnosis and Treatment

Key manufacturers included in this survey:

YZY Bio Silicon Biosystems ScreenCell Qiagen On-chip Miltenyi Biotec Janssen IVDiagnostics Ikonisys Gilupi Fluxion Fluidigm CytoTrack Cynvenio Creatv MicroTech Clearbridge Biomedics Celsee BioView Biofluidica Aviva Biosciences Corporation ApoCell Advanced Cell Diagnostics AdnaGen

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Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Regional Analysis Includes:

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Product Introduction and Overview

1.1 Product Definition

1.2 Product Specification

1.3 Global Market Overview

1.4 Market Drivers, Inhibitors

Chapter 2: Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Supply by Company

2.1 Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Sales Volume by Company

2.2 Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Sales Value by Company

2.3 Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Price by Company

2.4 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Production Location and Sales Area of Main Manufacturers

2.5 Trend of Concentration Rate

Chapter 3: Global and Regional Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status by Category

Chapter 4: Global and Regional Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status by End User/Segment

Chapter 5: Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status by Region

Chapter 6: North America Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status

Chapter 7: Europe Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status

Chapter 8: Asia Pacific Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status

Chapter 9: Central & South America Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status

Chapter 10: Middle East & Africa Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Status

Chapter 11: Supply Chain and Manufacturing Cost Analysis

11.1 Supply Chain Analysis

11.2 Production Process Chart Analysis

11.3 Raw Materials and Key Suppliers Analysis

11.4 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Manufacturing Cost Analysis

11.5 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Sales Channel and Distributors Analysis

11.6 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Downstream Major Buyers

Chapter 12: Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Forecast by Category and by End User/Segment

12.1 Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Sales Volume and Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)

12.2 Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Forecast by Category

12.3 Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Forecast by End User/Segment

Chapter 13: Global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Forecast by Region/Country

14 Key Participants Company Information

15 Conclusion

16 Methodology

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The research report has addresses several questions related to the growth of the global Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) market. Some of them are mentioned as below:

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Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Market Analytical Overview, Growth Factors, Demand and Trends Forecast to 2027 The Manomet Current - The Manomet Current

Mattie Worsham couldnt believe her luck the day her trainer suggested she hop aboard Scout. The brown warmblood of unrecorded breeding held superstar status, with the likes of John French, Archie Cox and Liza Boyd competing him at the most prestigious shows.

I can still remember very clearly the first day when I was training with Terry Brown, and he had come into her barn, said Worsham. I can remember the first day where she told me, Go get on Scout. And I was like, Are you sure? Do you really mean Scout? He sort of was and is the big name in the barn.

Worsham was only 13, and she quickly discovered that, despite his talent and training, or perhaps because of it, Scout was no pushbutton pony. I got on him, and I could not make him canter for the life of me, said Worsham. That remained a very big theme in our early years together and sometimes today.

But in 2015, Worshams last junior year, she finally felt like shed reached Scouts level. The pair was consistently champion in the small junior division and had qualified for Devon (Pennsylvania) for the first time.

The week before Devon, Worsham received a call from Brown. Scout had torn a hind suspensory, and theyd discovered osteoarthritis in both front fetlocks. Not only was Devon out of the picture, but it also looked like his performance days might be over for good.

I was so much more devastated at the time to lose a partner who I was so close with, to lose him to retirement and right on the cusp of everything, said Worsham. It was so much harder to think about not being able to ride than going to Devon and things like that.

Worshams parents, Penny and Hugh Worsham, DVM, and Brown helped her see past her sorrow. [They] could really empathize with how hard it was and what I was going through, but [they] also helped me to know that, even at that point, Id already had so many amazing moments with that horse, and he taught me so much, Mattie said. He challenges me, and he inspires me every single day, and he had already [done that]. So, they really helped me see that.

Mattie brought him home to retire at her parents farm near Atlanta. The Worshams didnt have a companion for Scout, so Mattie brought out the wheelbarrow and slept in it next to his stall so he wouldnt spend the night alone.

It was fine except for the fact that at 3 a.m. hed start pulling on my hair, said Mattie. I was within reach right outside the stall. Apparently, he can stretch out and grab me. More than any other horse I ended up sleeping in the stall/outside the stall for this horse.

While the prognosis for his injuries was poor, the Worshams werent ready to give up. Hugh had used Pro-Stride APS, an autologous protein solution made from the horses blood, for an unrelated injury earlier in Scouts career, and hed had good results. Hugh decided to try it again with Scouts fetlocks.

We call it a regenerative product or an ortho-regenerative injection, said Hugh. You harvest 60 ccs of blood off a horse. And theres a centrifuge that we take to the barn, its stall side, and we spin the blood down with these kits that Owl Manor provides.

Commonly used regenerative therapies include stem cells, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The Pro-Stride process produces a concentrated solution of cells, platelets, growth factors and anti-inflammatory proteins from the horses blood, and then the veterinarian injects them back into the point of interest.

Hugh injected Scout a few times, but they didnt put him into a focused rehabilitation program.

He just came home, and he got turned out, and my dad and my mom both worked on him and just never gave up, said Mattie. My dad was the veterinary care, and my mom was the day to day. I was at school at the time for undergraduate.

But then one day in 2018, Hugh saw Scout trotting around.

We can see the field from the deck of our house where we used to live, said Hugh. And Im watching him trotting around like a million bucks with this mini one day. Im thinking, Man, you are way too sound to just be living out here.

Three years after his injury, they pulled Scout out and pointed him toward a coop in the field. With his miniature horse companion Nugget running behind him, Scout jumped it and landed with ease. So the Worshams came up with a plan to get him back into shape, returning to the show ring in September in the adult amateur, 18-35, division.

The funny thing about it, when we brought him out of retirement, I havent fallen off in probably a year or two, said Mattie. And after we brought Scout out of retirement, it was like every week for a while. Our very first show back after three years, he bucked me off in the first class. I really wanted to do right by this horse because he was three years older, but so was I. Instead of being 18, I was 21, and I was in a very different place in my life. I felt like I was finally ready to give just everything that I had into doing right by this horse and trying not to let him down ever.

This fall, at 19 years old and five years after his first retirement, Scout traveled with Mattie to Tryon, North Carolina, to compete in the WIHS Adult Hunter Finals. After Scout laid down a second-round score of 86 to win the class and wear the Washington International cooler, Mattie knew this was the curtain call he deserved.

It was so redemptive and cathartic and just unrealI still dont even really believe itthat I could do that with this horse whos been my partner for so long and who I spent every single day with, said Mattie. I live in the barn [in Aiken, South Carolina,] right beside him. I can see his window from my window. It was really a strangely sublime moment, and [I felt] uncontainable gratitude for everything that I have with him. I just knew in that moment, This is the way I want to remember showing him. Being there with my trainer Courtney Goldstein, and my mom was there also, and getting to share that moment with them, thats the way that I want to remember showing this horse who was my junior hunter and then my adult hunter.

The way that he retired the first time was so unexpected and kind of a mess, and it wasnt on our own terms, continued Mattie. So getting to do it on our terms and walking out of the show ring with a win like that, on a horse who is very well known in the show world from his days even before I bought him, it felt really nice for him to get to end on top like that.

And while the win to close out his career was wonderful, just having those extra seasons with Scout is what Mattie will treasure. I had just as much fun when I was winning with him as when he was bucking me off in the ring because I was just so grateful to be showing this horse that I never thought I would show again, Mattie said. It really feels like this unexpected gift, and I wish I could go back and tell my 18-year-old self that this isnt the end. Its going to get better, and this horse is always going to be there for you. Hes never going to let you down.

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The Chronicle of the Horse - The Chronicle of the Horse

About Us

SC Stem Cell provides innovative regenerative medicine therapies and nonsurgical treatments for pain to patients throughout Columbia, South Carolina. With a passion for safe, effective pain care, SC Stem Cell can treat damaged tissues, injuries, arthritis, and slow-healing wounds with a variety of minimally invasive, nonsurgical treatments. We use a Doctor of Anesthesiology whose licenses and experience cover far more direct precise procedures. With an actual treating physician's license, we can cover hips, spines, discs, etc.

As a practice focusing on regenerative medicine and nonsurgical techniques, SC Stem Cell proudly offers its patients stem cell therapy. This groundbreaking treatment taking stem cells and injectingthem directly into an injury site, such as arthritic knees, torn rotator cuff or herniated disc, to stimulate the bodys natural healing response. Over time, the body begins to heal injuries at the source for lasting pain relief without surgery.

Along with stem cell therapy, SC Stem Cell uses hyperbaric oxygen therapy to speed up healing. While oxygen-rich blood in the body helps heal damaged tissues, it often isnt enough if an injury isnt healing properly. During hyperbaric chamber therapy, patients breathe in pure oxygen inside a pressurized chamber to promote faster recovery.

SC Stem Cell also has board-certified chiropractors on staff to relieve back pain, improve flexibility and mobility, and restore function to damaged tissues with massage therapy. To meet every patients unique needs and health goals, the practice provides Swedish, lymphatic, and deep tissue massages at their office.

Call SC Stem Cell or book an appointment online today to learn more about your regenerative medicine options.

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SC Stem Cell: Regenerative Medicine: Columbia, SC

Global Synthetic Stem Cells Market 2020: Business Growth Rate, Manufacturing Analysis, Size, Share, Cost Structure, and Forecast to 2026

The Market Data Analytics published a recent report on the globalSynthetic Stem Cells market, which was studied by the research analysts for months. The report includes information from trusted primary and secondary resources along with detailed examination from the research analysts. Based on the analysis, research analysts have concluded that the global demand for the global Synthetic Stem Cells market was USD XX Million in 2019 and is anticipated to reach USD XX Million by the end of 2026. The expected CAGR for the market is around XX%.

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Final Report will add the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this Industry.

The other factors that the report delivers is the revenue estimations, sales volume, industry size, and other important aspects, which includes market segmentation, growth factors, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and the market players.

The global Synthetic Stem Cells market incorporates information such as the basic overview of the industry, which includes definition, segmentation, and the industry structure. The global Synthetic Stem Cells market is segmented on the basis of{Cardiovascular Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Other Diseases}; {Cancers, Wounds and Injuries, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Blood disorders}. Along with this the product types and the applications of the Synthetic Stem Cells market are also discussed. Other data that is provided includes developmental trends, regional analysis of the Synthetic Stem Cells market, and the technological advancements. The developmental policies that have been updated are all discussed in the report.

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Some of the top most key players that are enlisted in the report areNorth Carolina State University, Zhengzhou University, . The details that are represented in the report includes the cost structures, manufacturing process methodology, import and export consumption, supply and demand patterns, gross margins, recent developments made in the business, revenue analysis, and gross margins.

The report offers a comprehensive understanding of market dynamics across key regions, namely North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia), Latin America (Brazil, Argentina), and the Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt and South Africa).

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Key Questions Answered In The Report:

What is the growth potential of the global Synthetic Stem Cells market? Which regional market will emerge as a frontrunner during the forecast period 2020-2026? Which application segment will grow at a robust rate? What are the growth opportunities that may emerge in the industry in the years to come? What are the key challenges that the global market may face in the future? Which are the main companies in the global Synthetic Stem Cells market? Which are the growth strategies considered by the players to sustain hold in the global market?

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Impact Of Outbreak Of Coronavirus (Covid-19) On Synthetic Stem Cells Market 2020 Growth Factors | Strategic Analysis | Increasing Demand With Top Key...

The research team includes (from left) Victoria Neckles, David Feliciano, Tori Riley, Aidan Sokolov and Jennie Holmberg.Image Credit: College of Science

CLEMSON, South Carolina College of Science associate professor and researcher David Feliciano has received a $667,000 grant from the Department of Defense to explore the cellular underpinnings of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a developmental disorder characterized by the growth of benign tumors throughout the body, most notably in the brain.

Young children with TSCoften have seizures, learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and a high rate of autism. A hallmark of the disorder is the presence of growths in the brain called subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). SEGAs can block cerebrospinal fluid flow resulting in hydrocephalus, behavioral changes, nausea, headaches, seizures, and are a cause of mortality. SEGAs can be surgically removed, however, their presence in infancy usually precludes immediate removal. Early intervention improves prognosis.

About a third of the TSC cases are inherited from a parent, while about two thirds of cases arise during in utero development, said Feliciano, of biological sciences. There are clues leading to a TSC diagnosis. For example, an infant may have seizures characterized by a head bobbing motion that almost looks like he or she is nodding off, skin lesions, and red bumps comprised of blood vessels on the face, especially on the nose and cheeks.

According to Feliciano, scientists know that TSC occurs because of a mutation on either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. These genes normally produce proteins that stop cell growth via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, TSC1 or TSC2 mutations result in excessive mTOR activity and cell growth.

Coronal section of a mouse brain olfactory bulb genetically modified by in vivo neural stem cell electroporation (blue, old neurons; cyan, young neurons; magenta, nuclei of all cells).Image Credit: Courtesy of Victoria Riley

In the course of the three-year project, Feliciano will generate a novel mouse model of TSC, characterize the molecular pathways in this model, and test two potential drug therapies to evaluate their effectiveness on treating these harmful SEGAs.

The model will have mutations engineered in the neural stem cells of newborn mice. When these stem cells divide, the cellular progeny will be deficient in the Tsc2 gene, mimicking the human disease. These mice will also express an inducible fluorescent protein allowing the altered cells to be tracked by microscopy.

Well be able to closely examine how the SEGAs form in this model, Feliciano said. We can examine the cell types and cellular processes that are altered, and we can study how the biochemical pathways are altered within the SEGA cells.

While we have developed other models of TSC, none to date fully recapitulate SEGAs, Feliciano added. Having a SEGA model is important because it allows one to interrogate the molecular pathways and identify mechanisms of pathogenesis. In the final step of the project, Feliciano will test the effectiveness of two potential therapies which may stop the formation of SEGAs.

TSC is a relatively rare disorder, occurring in one out of every 6,000 births. TSC provides a framework to understand the pathways that orchestrate normal brain development. Many other diseases are also characterized by changes to the same pathways, although the causative genes are unknown. Therefore, the results of this research will be applicable to additional diseases, said Feliciano, citing cancer and epilepsy as two examples.

This research is supported by the Department of Defense Award Number W81XWH-19-TSCRP-IDA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the DoD.

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Feliciano receives $667K DOD grant to explore developmental disorder that causes tumors in the body and brain - Clemson Newsstand