Category Archives: Stem Cell Research

LOS ANGELES, CA, July 27, 2022 /24-7PressRelease/ A global genome analysis service and AI-based new drug development company , Theragen Bio (CEO, Tae-soon Hwang),announced on the 19th that they recently published a jointly research paper with Gilo Foundation, Yonsei University, University of Tsukuba in Japan, and MedPacto (235980) in the July issue of Nature Communications (IF: 17.694), which is an online sister journal of Nature, a world-renowned academic journal.

The results of thls study, led by Gilo Foundation (hereafter Gilo), where CEO of MedPacto, Sung-jin Kim is also serving as the research director, showed that the MAST4 protein is a key protein that determines the differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) into cartilage or bone cells.

The results of thls study are significant that Korean researchers have discovered a new protein (MAST4)for the first in the world that can take crucial role in the treatment of various cartilage and bone loss such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, which areintractablebone joint diseasein the aging population.

An official from the research center said, We found that MAST4 protein controls cartilage differentiation, but promotes bone differentiation.It was the first time in the world to prove the fact that without MAST4 protein, MSC will differentiate into cartilage cell, and when MAST4 protein increases, MSC differentiate into bone cell.

The research team also confirmed that the cartilage differentiation and generation of mesenchymal stem cells was promoted when stem cells deficient in MAST4 protein were inoculated and transplanted into mice subcutaneously. Also, in the rabbit cartilage damage treatment model, it was confirmed that when human-derived bone marrow cells deficient in MAST4 protein were transplanted, the damaged cartilage tissue was completely regenerated.

A company official said, MSC has low immunogenicity, which makes it is easy to secure cells because both autologous and homologous cells can be used. After that, we can remove gene from MAST4 protein with gene scissors and transplant MSC to use them for restoration of cartilage, which has high potential of becoming groundbreaking treatment.It will greatly contribute to regenerative medicine in thls field.

Dr. Chang-pyo Hong from Theragen Bio took a big role in proving through transcrlptome data analysis that MAST4 is regulated by TGF- and Wnt signaling in thls joint study.

Dr. Hong said, thls research paper discovered MAST4 protein which is an important central mediator of the previously known TGF- and Wnt signaling, and newly unravels the link between the bone and cartilage differentiation process. It is expected to contribute significantly to the treatment of bone joint diseaseand the development of regenerative medicine in the future.

Nature Communication is a peer-reviewed, open access, SCI-level scientific journal published by Nature Research since 2010. They publish major research results in the natural sciences, including physics, chemistry, earth science, medicine, and biology.

Source: Pangyo Techno Valley Official Newsroom

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[Pangyo Bio & Medical] Theragen Bio discovers MAST4 Protein that Regulates Bone Cartilage Development For 'The First Time in The World' - Digital...

SAN FRANCISCO, July 21, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The global cell culture media market size is expected to reach USD 10.2 billion by 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 12.1% from 2022 to 2030. Expansion of biosimilars and biologics, growth in stem cell research, and emerging bio manufacturing technologies for cell-based vaccines are the major factors which are likely to drive the market. For instance, in October 2021, the Australian Government funded the Australian-led stem cell research through USD 25 million in grants.

Key Industry Insights & Findings from the report:

Read 150-page market research report, "Cell Culture Media Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Serum-free Media, Classical Media), By Type (Liquid Media, Semi-solid And Solid Media), By Application, By End-user, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2022 - 2030", published by Grand View Research.

Cell Culture Media Market Growth & Trends

The expansion of clear, regulatory approval paths for biosimilars in emerging markets is generating great opportunities for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies. The availability of an approval pathway in the U.S., has led to new opportunities for bio manufacturers to enter major markets around the globe. Biosimilar versions of monoclonal antibodies have the probability to offer cost reductions of 25-30%, and many emerging market countries are vigorously developing pathways for approvals and are swiftly catching up. As this industry is expanding the key biopharmaceutical players are adopting robust culturing technologies to meet the increasing demand; thereby driving the growth of the market.

Moreover, there is growing interest in improving the stem cell culture, because this technology is being used extensively in research for studying the stem cell biology, as well as for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, funding related to this research field has augmented in recent years which has accelerated the growth of the market. In addition to this, key media manufacturers launched new products for stem cell research. For instance, in September 2021, Bio-Techne Corporation launched a novel medium for the maintenance and expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells having applications in both translational and research workflows.

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has improved the demand for well-established cell-based vaccine production technologies. Moreover, it has given rise to a few scientific innovations, particularly in the production and testing of vaccine technology. For instance, the Vero line originated from the African green monkey kidney and has been extensively used for viral vaccine manufacturing. It has also been used for the development of various SARS-CoV variants. ProVeroTM1 Serum-free Medium is one such medium manufactured by Lonza Bioscience which is protein-free, and of non-animal origin designed to support the growth of Vero cells and MDCK.

Moreover, in many European countries, cell-based flu vaccines have been approved. A probable advantage of cell culture technology is that it authorizes faster start-up of the manufacturing of vaccines during the pandemic. Today, the development of superior biological models, the optimization of culture growth medium, and the reduced dependence on animal-derived components endure to drive the rapidly developing vaccine development.

On the other hand, ethical issues concerning the use of animal-derived products hinders the industry growth. For instance, FBS is collected from the blood of fetal calves is one of the major ethical issues of serum containing media. It is projected that 600,000 liters of FBS is achieved from up to 1.8 million bovine fetuses are produced globally every year, presenting momentous scientific and ethical challenges. To overcome this issue, numerous workshops were held in the past on the replacement of fetal bovine serum and possible ways to reduce the use of FBS in media.

Cell Culture Media Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global cell culture media market based on product, application, type, end-user, and region:

Cell Culture MediaMarket - Product Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Cell Culture MediaMarket - Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Cell Culture MediaMarket - Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Cell Culture MediaMarket - End-user Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Cell Culture MediaMarket - Regional Scope Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

List of Key Players of Cell Culture Media Market

Check out more related studies published by Grand View Research:

Browse through Grand View Research's Biotechnology Industry Research Reports.

About Grand View Research

Grand View Research, U.S.-based market research and consulting company, provides syndicated as well as customized research reports and consulting services. Registered in California and headquartered in San Francisco, the company comprises over 425 analysts and consultants, adding more than 1200 market research reports to its vast database each year. These reports offer in-depth analysis on 46 industries across 25 major countries worldwide. With the help of an interactive market intelligence platform, Grand View Research Helps Fortune 500 companies and renowned academic institutes understand the global and regional business environment and gauge the opportunities that lie ahead.

Contact:

Sherry JamesCorporate Sales Specialist, USAGrand View Research, Inc.Phone: +1-415-349-0058Toll Free: 1-888-202-9519Email: [emailprotected] Web: https://www.grandviewresearch.com Grand View Compass| Astra ESG Solutions Follow Us: LinkedIn | Twitter

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SOURCE Grand View Research, Inc.

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Cell Culture Media Market Size Worth $10.2 Billion by 2030: Grand View Research, Inc. - PR Newswire

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Cryopreservation Equipment Market Forecast to 2028 - COVID-19 Impact and Global Analysis By Type, Cryogen Type, Application, and End User" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The cryopreservation equipment market is expected to reach US$ 12,489.84 million by 2028 from US$ 6,358.65 million in 2022; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 11.9% from 2022 to 2028.

The factors such as growing acceptance for regenerative medicine and increasing need of biobanking practices are contributing to the market growth. However, the stringent regulatory requirements hinder the cryopreservation equipment market growth.

Cryopreservation is a technique employed to minimize cell damage caused during freezing and storage of biological materials such as tissue, bacteria, fungi, virus, and mammalian cells. Tissues and genetically stable living cells preserved via cryopreservation can be used in research and other biomedical applications. The equipment required for cryopreservation includes cryopreservation systems, cryoware, accessories, and cryogen.

Cryopreservation plays an important part in the field of regenerative medicine as it facilitates stable and secure storage of cells and other related components for a prolonged time. Regenerative medicine enables replacing diseased or damaged cells, tissues, and organs by retrieving their normal function through stem cell therapy.

Owing to the advancements in the medical technology, stem cell therapy is now being considered as an alternative to traditional drug therapies in the treatment of a wide range of chronic diseases, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.

Type Insights

Based on type, the global cryopreservation equipment market is segmented into freezers, sample preparation systems, and accessories. In 2021, the freezers segment held the largest share of the market, and it is expected to register the highest CAGR in the market during 2022-2028. In ultracold freezers, liquid nitrogen is used for the successful preservation of more complex biological structures by virtually seizing all biological activities.

Cryogen Type Insights

Based on cryogen type, the global cryopreservation equipment market is segmented into liquid nitrogen, oxygen, liquid helium, argon, and others. In 2021, the liquid nitrogen segment held the largest share of the market; the market for this segment is further expected to grow at the highest CAGR during 2022-2028. Liquid nitrogen is a nonmechanical method of cells preservation. Large thermos-like containers are used to house either racks or shelves that hold cryogenic vials.

Application Insights

Based on application, the global cryopreservation equipment market is segmented into cord blood stem cells, sperms, semen & testicular tissues, embryos and oocytes, cell and gene therapies, and others. In 2020, the cord blood stem cells segment held the largest share of the market. Moreover, the market for the sperms segment is expected to register the highest CAGR in the market during 2022-2028. In recent years, public cord banking has been promoted over private cord banking. Various centers across the world are performing cord blood stem cell transplantation as a part of the management of genetic, hematologic, immunologic, metabolic, and oncologic disorders, among others, which is bolstering the growth of the market for the public cord banking segment.

End User Insights

Based on end user, the cryopreservation equipment market is segmented into stem cell banks, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals organizations, stem cell research laboratories, and others. The biotechnology and pharmaceuticals organizations segment held the largest market share in 2020, and it is further expected to be the largest shareholder in the market by 2028. Cryopreservation has become an integral part of the manufacturing process of many cellular therapies as it sometimes precedes cell culture (by preserving the starting cellular material before beginning large-scale manufacturing) and generally follows cell expansion.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Introduction

2. Cryopreservation Equipment Market - Key Takeaways

3. Research Methodology

4. Global Cryopreservation Equipment Market - Market Landscape

5. Cryopreservation Equipment Market - Key Market Dynamics

5.1 Market Drivers

5.1.1 Growing Acceptance for Regenerative Medicine

5.1.2 Increasing Needs of Biobanking Practices

5.2 Market Restraints

5.2.1 Stringent Regulatory Requirements

5.3 Market Opportunities

5.3.1 Importance of Cryopreservation for Success of Cell-Based Therapies

5.4 Future Trends

5.4.1 3D Printing to Provide Customizable Probes for Sensing and Monitoring in Cryobiology Applications

5.5 Impact Analysis

6. Cryopreservation Equipment Market- Global Analysis

7. Global Cryopreservation Equipment Market Revenue and Forecasts To 2028- by Type

10. Cryopreservation Equipment Market Revenue and Forecasts To 2028 - End User

11. Cryopreservation Equipment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 - Geographical Analysis

12. Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cryopreservation Equipment Market

13. Cryopreservation Equipment Market- Industry Landscape

14. Company Profiles

Companies Mentioned

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/l7syls

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Cryopreservation Equipment Market Report 2022-2028: Importance of Cryopreservation for Success of Cell-Based Therapies Presents Opportunities -...

Gov. Gretchen Whitmer used her veto pen on the states education budget Thursday to strike funding for pregnancy centers and stem cell research, saying that wording within the bill tried to create a gag rule concerning abortion.

Whitmer gave the final OK to a $19.6 billion K-12 education budget which contained an additional roughly $2 billion to universities and $530.3 million to community colleges, bringing the overall amount of the education budget to $22.2 billion July 14 at Mott Community College in Flint.

Word of her vetoes, however, came not too long after signing the budget and were targeted in two specific areas: stem cell research and crisis pregnancy centers.

RELATED: Whitmer signs $19.6B historic education budget, contains highest ever per-pupil investment

In a letter sent to lawmakers detailing the status of the final budget bill, Whitmer wrote that she was striking the items from the document as they harm womens health care.

These line items would create a gag rule preventing reproductive health-service providers from even mentioning abortion and otherwise make it harder for women to get the health care they need, she wrote. Any efforts to undermine a womans ability to make her own medical decisions with her trusted health-care provider will earn my disapproval. Women and doctors should be making health-care decisions not politicians.

Comprising her three vetoes were two $500,000 funding pots for pregnant and parenting student services, the wording for which put an explicit bar on mentioning abortion as a form of family planning, and $5 million in funding for stem cell/fetal tissue research.

Similar to the pregnancy service centers, wording surrounding the stem cell research grants would require universities agree to not conduct any research on aborted fetal tissue in order to make use of those funds.

On Friday, her administration again defended the move, with Whitmers Communication Director Bobby Leddy saying: While politicians in other states rush to restrict womens health care rights, even in instances of rape or incest, Michigan must remain a place where a womans ability to make her own medical decisions with her trusted health-care provider is respected.

The education budget signed earlier this week possesses the highest amount of per-pupil funding the state has ever allocated at $9,150 a child. Its a $450 increase per child, equaling a total cost increase of $630.5 million from the year prior. Theres also $214 in additional per-pupil funding for mental health and school safety for every child enrolled in a public school district.

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Whitmer axes stem cell research, pregnancy center funding over abortion access concerns - MLive.com

A stem cell is a specific type of cell in the body that has the potential to form many different cell types. So stem cells generally are undifferentiated, and then the kind of cells that they make would become the more mature cells that you're familiar with. So generally, if you think about it, stem cell is the top brick in a big pyramid, and at the base of the pyramid are maybe four different kinds of cells that are derived from that stem cell. And you can see that not only do they mature as they head down the pyramid, but they get greater in number. So a very small number of stem cells can give rise to an enormous number of mature progeny. Now, there are several different kinds of stem cells. There are somatic stem cells. These are the ones that live in the adult organism. And people have stem cells in their bone marrow that give rise to all the different kinds of blood that they have. There are stem cells in the liver that give rise to hepatocytes and secretory cells. There are stem cells in neural tissue that give rise to neurons and astroglial cells and things like that. And muscle has stem cells. And there are many different kinds of stem cells that have been identified in adults. There are also embryonic stem cells, and these are derived from three and a half days in the mouse and about six- to eight-day embryos in people, and these are cells with even more potential than the adult cells, because an embryonic stem cell derived in the proper way can give rise to neural cells, muscle cells, and liver cells. And these are the three different general parts of an organism that happens during its development. So the very important thing to remember about stem cells is they need not only divide and proliferate to make these many, many mature progeny cells, they also need to assure that their own stem cell pool is not reduced. So it's kind of like if you're getting three wishes, your last wish should be for more wishes. So what stem cells do is they have two different kinds of divisions they can make. They can make what's called a symmetric division, where the stem cell divides and both cells stay undifferentiated in stem cells. Or they can make asymmetric division, in which one cell goes on to proliferate and differentiate into the progeny, and the other cell stays a stem cell. So in periods like after a bone marrow transplant, where the stem cell number has to expand, they make many more symmetric than asymmetric divisions. But in the regular time in your bone marrow, the stem cells make mostly asymmetric divisions, which keep the number of stem cells pretty standard.

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Stem Cell - National Human Genome Research Institute Home

iPSC are derived from skin or blood cells that have been reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state that enables the development of an unlimited source of any type of human cell needed for therapeutic purposes. For example, iPSC can be prodded into becoming beta islet cells to treat diabetes, blood cells to create new blood free of cancer cells for a leukemia patient, or neurons to treat neurological disorders.

In late 2007, a BSCRC team of faculty, Drs. Kathrin Plath, William Lowry, Amander Clark, and April Pyle were among the first in the world to create human iPSC. At that time, science had long understood that tissue specific cells, such as skin cells or blood cells, could only create other like cells. With this groundbreaking discovery, iPSC research has quickly become the foundation for a new regenerative medicine.

Using iPSC technology our faculty have reprogrammed skin cells into active motor neurons, egg and sperm precursors, liver cells, bone precursors, and blood cells. In addition, patients with untreatable diseases such as, ALS, Rett Syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan Disease, and Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy donate skin cells to BSCRC scientists for iPSC reprogramming research. The generous participation of patients and their families in this research enables BSCRC scientists to study these diseases in the laboratory in the hope of developing new treatment technologies.

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) | UCLA Broad Stem Cell Center

The new report by Expert Market Research titled, Global3D Cell Culture MarketReport and Forecast 2021-2026, gives an in-depth analysis of the global 3D cell culture market, assessing the market based on its segments like applications, technology type and major regions. The report tracks the latest trends in the industry and studies their impact on the overall market. It also assesses the market dynamics, covering the key demand and price indicators, along with analyzing the market based on the SWOT and Porters Five Forces models.

Get a Free Sample Report with Table of Contents:https://bityl.co/CVVx

The key highlights of the report include:

Market Overview (2016-2026)

Forecast Historical Market Size (2020): USD 1.29 billion

Forecast CAGR (2021-2026): 16.3%

Forecast Market Size (2026): USD 3.2 billion

The numerous uses of 3D cell culture in drug screening, regenerative medicine, stem cell therapies, cancer research, and cell biology are propelling the global market for 3D cell culture forward. The industry benefits from the increased acceptance of 3D cell culture models as an alternative to in vivo testing, research and development of expanded cell culture systems, and growing demand for organ transplantation. With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the demand for 3D cell culture has increased significantly for the investigation and development of COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses. Additionally, 3D cell cultures can provide desired outputs with greater efficiency in research and development, both in terms of quality and cost. These are the key driving factors anticipated to accelerate market growth in the forecast period.

Industry Definition and Major Segments

Three-dimensional cell culture is a culture environment that is artificially developed to allow biological cells to thrive and interact with the surrounding framework in all three dimensions. Unlike standard 2D cell cultures, in which cells grow in a flat monolayer on a plate, 3D cell culture allows cells to grow in all directions within a test-tube system.

Read Full Report with Table of Contents:https://bityl.co/CVVu

By technology, the market is divided into:

By application, the market is divided into:

By end users, the market is divided into:

By region, the industry is categorized into:

Market Trends

Globally increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions is one of the primary reasons driving the markets growth. The industry is also benefiting from the growing preference for tailored medicines among healthcare professionals and patients. Three-dimensional cell cultures are widely employed in cancer research, stem cell research, drug discovery, toxicology testing, and tissue engineering. As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread around the globe, the use of scaffold-based 3D cell cultures for the development and bio-fabrication of antiviral medicines and new therapies has increased significantly. Furthermore, the development of advanced microfluidic-based three-dimensional cell cultures with enhanced cell viability, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation is assisting in the markets expansion. Additional factors, such as intensive research and development (R&D) in the realm of biotechnology, as well as the growing demand for effective alternatives to animal testing, are expected to propel the market forward.

North America is projected to remain dominant in the 3D cell culture market over the forecast period. This is because the government and commercial funding businesses in the region are willing to develop superior 3D cell culture models. Additionally, the sector is strengthened by the presence of multiple colleges and research organizations exploring various stem cell-based technologies throughout North America. Due to the increase of infrastructure development to expedite stem cell research in the regions growing economies such as India, China, Asia Pacific is expected to have the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The Chinese government has given grants for many R&D initiatives on human embryonic stem cells research, encouraging scientists to investigate the cells clinical potential. These factors are expected to boost the market during the forecast period as well.

Key Market Players

The major players in the market are 3D Biotek LLC, Advanced Biomatrix Inc., Avantor Inc., CN Bio Innovations Limited, Corning Incorporated, Emulate Inc., InSphero AG, Lonza Group AG, Merck KGaA, Promocell GmbH, and Synthecon Inc., among Others. The report covers the market shares, capacities, expansions, investments and mergers and acquisitions, among other latest developments of these market players.

About Us:

Expert Market Research is a leading business intelligence firm, providing custom and syndicated market reports along with consultancy services for our clients. We serve a wide client base ranging from Fortune 1000 companies to small and medium enterprises. Our reports cover over 100 industries across established and emerging markets researched by our skilled analysts who track the latest economic, demographic, trade and market data globally.

At Expert Market Research, we tailor our approach according to our clients needs and preferences, providing them with valuable, actionable and up-to-date insights into the market, thus, helping them realize their optimum growth potential. We offer market intelligence across a range of industry verticals which include Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Technology, Retail, Chemical and Materials, Energy and Mining, Packaging and Agriculture.

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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer affecting children. The T-ALL form of leukaemia that emerges from early T lineage cells has a poorer prognosis than B-lineage ALL. The prognosis for relapsed T-ALL is very poor and new therapies are sorely needed. A joint study by Tampere Universitys Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology in Finland, the Massachusetts General Research Institute, and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute discovered a new combination of drugs that is effective against T-ALL.

The finding is based on a previous discovery made by the Tampere University research group where the general tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib was found to be effective in approximately one third of the tested patient samples.

In the treatment of leukaemia, the efficacy of a single drug is usually lost quickly, so the new study searched for drug combinations that would have an enhanced synergistic effect with dasatinib. This was the case with temsirolimus, a drug that inhibits a parallel signalling pathway. The combination of the two drugs was more effective in eradicating leukaemia cells in zebrafish and human disease than using a single drug.

During this study, we developed a new drug screening method for the rapid assessment of drug responses in zebrafish leukaemia samples. In this screen, an effective drug combination was found, which was later confirmed by several cell line models, patient samples and human leukemias grown in mice, says PhDSaara Laukkanen, the first author of the study.

This has been a long project, taking 45 years, and as a result, we now understand the mechanism of action of these drugs at molecular level in T-ALL, Laukkanen adds.

During the project, she spent six months as Visiting Researcher in the Department of Pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston with ProfessorDavid Langenau'sresearch group, with whom the project was carried out. She worked extensively with PhDAlexandra Veloso, a research fellow in the Langenau team and co-lead author on the work.

This is a promising new treatment option for T-acute leukaemia. The next step is to take the discovery into clinical practice for patients with relapsed or refractory disease via early phase clinical trials, says Research DirectorOlli Lohi, MD, PhD, from Tampere University and Tays Hospitals Cancer Centre.

The development of precision treatments is slow and requires accurate knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that cause and maintain disease. Here we utilized a specific dependency of T-ALL cells on certain signalling routes that the combination of dasatinib and temsirolimus shuts off, Lohi says.

The study was published inBlood, the most prestigious scientific journal in the field of haematology. In addition to researchers at Tampere University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, researchers from the Universities of North Carolina, Eastern Finland and Helsinki also participated in the study.

Reference:Laukkanen S, Bacquelaine Veloso A, Yan C, et al. Combination therapies to inhibit LCK tyrosine kinase and mTOR signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2022:2021015106. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021015106

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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New Combination Therapy Effective in Pediatric Leukemia - Technology Networks

Scientists demonstrate that they can control the properties of lab-grown plant material, which could enable the production of wood products with little waste.

Because of deforestation, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest an area about the size of Iceland each year. At that rate, some researchers predict the worlds forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.

A hectare is an area equal to a square with 100-meter sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. One hectare contains about 2.47 acres and an acre is about 0.405 hectares. 100 hectares makes one square kilometer.

In an effort to provide an environmentally friendly and low-waste alternative, researchers at MIT have pioneered a tunable technique to generate wood-like plant material in a lab, which could enable someone to grow a wooden product like a table without needing to cut down trees, process lumber, etc.

These researchers have now demonstrated that, by adjusting certain chemicals used during the growth process, they can precisely control the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting plant material, such as its stiffness and density.

They also show that, using 3D bioprinting techniques, they can grow plant material in shapes, sizes, and forms that are not found in nature and that cant be easily produced using traditional agricultural methods.

In an effort to provide an environmentally friendly and low-waste alternative, researchers at MIT have pioneered a tunable technique to generate wood-like plant material in a lab. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers

The idea is that you can grow these plant materials in exactly the shape that you need, so you dont need to do any subtractive manufacturing after the fact, which reduces the amount of energy and waste. There is a lot of potential to expand this and grow three-dimensional structures, says lead author Ashley Beckwith, a recent PhD graduate.

Though still in its early days, this research demonstrates that lab-grown plant materials can be tuned to have specific characteristics, which could someday enable researchers to grow wood products with the exact features needed for a particular application, like high strength to support the walls of a house or certain thermal properties to more efficiently heat a room, explains senior author Luis Fernando Velsquez-Garca, a principal scientist in MITs Microsystems Technology Laboratories.

Joining Beckwith and Velsquez-Garca on the paper is Jeffrey Borenstein, a biomedical engineer and group leader at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. The research is published recently in the journal Materials Today.

To begin the process of growing plant material in the lab, the researchers first isolate cells from the leaves of young Zinnia elegans plants. The cells are cultured in liquid medium for two days, then transferred to a gel-based medium, which contains nutrients and two different hormones.

Adjusting the hormone levels at this stage in the process enables researchers to tune the physical and mechanical properties of the plant cells that grow in that nutrient-rich broth.

In the human body, you have hormones that determine how your cells develop and how certain traits emerge. In the same way, by changing the hormone concentrations in the nutrient broth, the plant cells respond differently. Just by manipulating these tiny chemical quantities, we can elicit pretty dramatic changes in terms of the physical outcomes, Beckwith says.

In a way, these growing plant cells behave almost like stem cells researchers can give them cues to tell them what to become, Velsquez-Garca adds.

They use a 3D printer to extrude the cell culture gel solution into a specific structure in a petri dish, and let it incubate in the dark for three months. Even with this incubation period, the researchers process is about two orders of magnitude faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity, Velsquez-Garca says.

Following incubation, the resulting cell-based material is dehydrated, and then the researchers evaluate its properties.

They found that lower hormone levels yielded plant materials with more rounded, open cells that have lower density, while higher hormone levels led to the growth of plant materials with smaller, denser cell structures. Higher hormone levels also yielded plant material that was stiffer; the researchers were able to grow plant material with a storage modulus (stiffness) similar to that of some natural woods.

Another goal of this work is to study what is known as lignification in these lab-grown plant materials. Lignin is a polymer that is deposited in the cell walls of plants which makes them rigid and woody. They found that higher hormone levels in the growth medium causes more lignification, which would lead to plant material with more wood-like properties.

The researchers also demonstrated that, using a 3D bioprinting process, the plant material can be grown in a custom shape and size. Rather than using a mold, the process involves the use of a customizable computer-aided design file that is fed to a 3D bioprinter, which deposits the cell gel culture into a specific shape. For instance, they were able to grow plant material in the shape of a tiny evergreen tree.

Research of this kind is relatively new, Borenstein says.

This work demonstrates the power that a technology at the interface between engineering and biology can bring to bear on an environmental challenge, leveraging advances originally developed for health care applications, he adds.

The researchers also show that the cell cultures can survive and continue to grow for months after printing, and that using a thicker gel to produce thicker plant material structures does not impact the survival rate of the lab-grown cells.

I think the real opportunity here is to be optimal with what you use and how you use it. If you want to create an object that is going to serve some purpose, there are mechanical expectations to consider. This process is really amenable to customization, Velsquez-Garca says.

Now that they have demonstrated the effective tunability of this technique, the researchers want to continue experimenting so they can better understand and control cellular development. They also want to explore how other chemical and genetic factors can direct the growth of the cells.

They hope to evaluate how their method could be transferred to a new species. Zinnia plants dont produce wood, but if this method were used to make a commercially important tree species, like pine, the process would need to be tailored to that species, Velsquez-Garca says.

Ultimately, he is hopeful this work can help to motivate other groups to dive into this area of research to help reduce deforestation.

Trees and forests are an amazing tool for helping us manage climate change, so being as strategic as we can with these resources will be a societal necessity going forward, Beckwith adds.

Reference: Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization of novel, 3D-printed, tunable, lab-grown plant materials generated from Zinnia elegans cell cultures by Ashley L. Beckwith, Jeffrey T. Borenstein and Luis F. Velsquez-Garca, 7 March 2022, .DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2022.02.012

This research is funded, in part, by the Draper Scholars Program.

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MIT Pioneers Technology To Grow Customizable Wood Products in the Lab With Little Waste - SciTechDaily

Newswise LOS ANGELES (June 9, 2022) --Investigators from Cedars-Sinai will present the latest novel stem cell and regenerative medicine research at the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) Annual Meeting, which is being held in person and virtually June 15-19 in San Francisco.

At this years scientific forum,Clive Svendsen, PhD, a renowned scientist and executive director of theCedars-SinaiBoard of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, willassume the role as treasurerfor the organization. In this position, he will be working with leading scientists, clinicians, business leaders, ethicists, and educators to pursue the common goal of advancing stem cell research and its translation to the clinic.

Along with taking on this leadership role, Svendsens work on a combination stem cell-gene therapy for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, afatal neurological disorder known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, was selected as a Breakthrough Clinical Advances abstract and one ofthe years most compelling pieces of stem cell science. Svendsen will present data from the first spinal cord trial and a synopsis of the ongoing cortical trial and the potential impact this may have on this devastating disease.

The breakthrough oral session, A new trial transplanting neural progenitors modified to release GDNF into the motor cortex of patients with ALS, takes place on Thursday, June 16, from 5:15 to 7 p.m. The presentation is part of the Biotech, Pharma and AcademiaBringing Stem Cells to Patients Clinical Applications track.

Through this highly collaborative work, we hope to develop new therapeutic options for patients with such a debilitating and deadly disease, said Svendsen, who is also the Kerry and Simone Vickar Family Foundation Distinguished Chair in Regenerative Medicine.

All abstracts are embargoed until the start of each individual presentation.

Additional noteworthy presentations featuring Cedars-Sinai investigators at ISSCR 2022 include:

FollowCedars-Sinai Academic Medicineon Twitterfor more on the latest basic science and clinical research from Cedars-Sinai.

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First-of-its-Kind Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Highlighted at Annual Stem Cell Meeting - Newswise