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Category Archives: Stem Cells

Scientists Discover Clues to Muscle Stem Cell Functions

Posted: May 15, 2012 at 3:12 am

Study reveals a potential key to new treatment strategies for Muscular Dystrophy

Newswise May 14, 2012 - Oakland, Calif. A study conducted by Childrens Hospital & Research Center Oakland scientists identifies how skeletal muscle stem cells respond to muscle injury and may be stimulated to improve muscle repair in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a severe inherited disease of muscle that causes weakness, disability and, ultimately, heart and respiratory failure.

The study, led by Julie D. Saba, MD, PhD, senior scientist at Childrens Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), shows that a lipid signaling molecule called sphingosine-1-phosphate or S1P can trigger an inflammatory response that stimulates the muscle stem cells to proliferate and assist in muscle repair. It further shows that mdx mice, which have a disease similar to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, exhibit a deficiency of S1P, and that boosting their S1P levels improves muscle regeneration in these mice. A research report describing the study findings will be published online (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi %2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0037218) on May 14, 2012 in the journal Public Library of Science ONE (PLoS ONE).

Skeletal muscle is the biggest organ system of the human body. It is important for all human activity. Muscles can be injured by trauma, inactivity, aging and a variety of inherited muscle diseases. Importantly however, skeletal muscle is one of the few tissues of the human body that has the potential to fully repair itself after injury. The ability of muscles to regenerate themselves is attributed to the presence of a form of adult stem cells called satellite cells that are essential for muscle repair. Normally, satellite cells lie quietly at the periphery of the muscle fiber and do not grow, move or become activated. However, after muscle injury, these stem cells wake up through unclear mechanisms and fuse with the injured muscle, stimulating a complicated process that results in the rebuilding of a healthy muscle fiber.

S1P is a lipid signaling molecule that controls the movement and proliferation of many human cell types. Other scientists had shown previously that S1P can activate satellite cells, but they did not know how this occurred.

We have been studying S1P signaling for many years, states Dr. Saba. In 2003, we published a report demonstrating that fruit fly mutants with defective S1P metabolism were unable to fly because they developed a muscle disease or myopathy that led to degeneration of their flight muscles. Based on that observation, I became convinced that S1P signaling played an important role in muscle stability and homeostasis, not just in flies but in mammals, including humans.

Dr. Sabas team has discovered how S1P is able to wake up the stem cells at the time of injury. It involves the ability of S1P to activate S1P receptor 2, one of its five cell surface receptors, leading to downstream activation of an inflammatory pathway controlled by a transcription factor called STAT3. They showed that S1P is rapidly produced in the muscle immediately after injury, leading to an S1P signal. S1P, acting through S1P receptor 2, leads to activation of STAT3, resulting in changes in gene expression that cause the satellite cell to leave its sleeping state and start to proliferate and assist in muscle repair.

These findings are important especially for certain muscle diseases or myopathies that can affect children, states Dr. Saba. The most common and one of the most severe myopathies is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a disease that affects young boys and often leads to death from respiratory and heart failure in a patients twenties. Although patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy start out life with enough satellite cells to repair the patients degenerating muscles, over time the satellite cells fail to keep up with the rate of muscle degeneration. We found that mdx mice, which have a disease similar to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, are deficient in S1P. We were able to increase the S1P levels in the mice using a drug that blocks S1P breakdown. This treatment increased the number of satellite cells in the muscles and improved the efficiency of muscle regeneration after injury.

If these findings are also found to be true in humans with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, it may be possible to use similar approaches to boost S1P levels in order to improve satellite cell function and muscle regeneration in patients with the disease. Drugs that block S1P metabolism and boost S1P levels are now being tested for the treatment of other human diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. If these studies prove to be relevant in Duchenne patients, it may be possible to use the same drugs to improve muscle regeneration in these patients. Alternatively, new agents that can specifically activate S1P receptor 2 could also be beneficial in recruiting satellite cells and improving muscle regeneration in muscular dystrophy and potentially other diseases of muscle.

This work was supported by grants from the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the National Institutes of Health and a fellowship award from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine.

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Bone grown from human embryonic stem cells

Posted: May 15, 2012 at 3:12 am

ScienceDaily (May 14, 2012) Dr. Darja Marolt, an Investigator at The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) Laboratory, is lead author on a study showing that human embryonic stem cells can be used to grow bone tissue grafts for use in research and potential therapeutic application. Dr. Marolt conducted this research as a post-doctoral NYSCF -- Druckenmiller Fellow at Columbia University in the laboratory of Dr. Gordana Vunjak- Novakovic.

The study, published in the early online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of May 14th, is the first example of using bone cell progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells to grow compact bone tissue in quantities large enough to repair centimeter-sized defects. When implanted in mice and studied over time, the implanted bone tissue supported blood vessel ingrowth, and continued development of normal bone structure, without demonstrating any incidence of tumor growth.

Dr. Marolt's work is a significant step forward in using pluripotent stem cells to repair and replace bone tissue in patients. Bone replacement therapies are relevant in treating patients with a variety of conditions, including wounded military personnel, patients with birth defects, or patients who have suffered other traumatic injury.

Since conducting this work as proof of principle at Columbia University, Dr. Marolt has continued to build upon this research as an Investigator in the NYSCF Laboratory, developing bone grafts from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in that they can also give rise to nearly any type of cell in the body, but iPS cells are produced from adult cells and as such are individualized to each patient. By using iPS cells rather than embryonic stem cells to engineer tissue, Dr. Marolt hopes to develop personalized bone grafts that will avoid immune rejection and other implant complications.

The New York Stem Cell Foundation has supported Dr. Marolt's research throughout her career, first through a NYSCF -- Druckenmiller Fellowship to fund her post-doctoral work at Columbia University, and now with a NYSCF -- Helmsley Investigator Award at The New

York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory. "The continuity of funding provided by NYSCF has allowed me to continue my research uninterrupted, making progress more quickly than would have otherwise been possible," Dr. Marolt said.

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Bone grown from human embryonic stem cells

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New York Stem Cell Foundation scientist grows bone from human embryonic stem cells

Posted: May 15, 2012 at 3:12 am

Public release date: 14-May-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David McKeon dmckeon@nyscf.org 212-365-7440 New York Stem Cell Foundation

NEW YORK, NY (May 14, 2012) -- Dr. Darja Marolt, an Investigator at The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) Laboratory, is lead author on a study showing that human embryonic stem cells can be used to grow bone tissue grafts for use in research and potential therapeutic application. Dr. Marolt conducted this research as a post-doctoral NYSCF Druckenmiller Fellow at Columbia University in the laboratory of Dr. Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic.

The study is the first example of using bone cell progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells to grow compact bone tissue in quantities large enough to repair centimeter-sized defects. When implanted in mice and studied over time, the implanted bone tissue supported blood vessel ingrowth, and continued development of normal bone structure, without demonstrating any incidence of tumor growth.

###

The New York Stem Cell Foundation has supported Dr. Marolt's research throughout her career, first through a NYSCF Druckenmiller Fellowship to fund her post-doctoral work at Columbia University, and now with a NYSCF Helmsley Investigator Award at The New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory. "The continuity of funding provided by NYSCF has allowed me to continue my research uninterrupted, making progress more quickly than would have otherwise been possible," Dr. Marolt said.

The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) conducts cutting-edge translational stem cell research in its laboratory in New York City and supports research by stem cell scientists at other leading institutions around the world. More information is available at http://www.nyscf.org.

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StemCells, Inc., Hoping for as Much as $40 Million from California Stem Cell Agency

Posted: May 13, 2012 at 3:59 pm

StemCells, Inc., said today it has
applied for as much as $40 million in funding from the California
stem cell agency for two projects dealing with Alzheimer's disease
and cervical spinal cord injury.

The announcement came in a news release
dealing with the publicly traded firm's quarterly earnings. The applications are part of a $240 million round expected to be acted on in late July by the board
of the $3 billion California stem cell agency. Funding for
businesses in the disease team round is expected to come through a
loan.

StemCells, Inc., of Newark, Ca., said,

"In January 2012, we submitted two
applications to the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine
(CIRM) for 'Disease Team Therapy Development Research Awards,' one
for Alzheimer's disease and one for cervical spinal cord injury. A
research award may be up to $20 million, payable over four years, to
fund preclinical and IND-enabling activities with the aim of starting
human clinical trials within a four-year window."

Applications in the round were reviewed
behind closed doors in April. CIRM also has a policy of not releasing the
names of applicants until its board acts and then only if an
applicant is approved. CIRM says it does not want to embarrass firms
that do not win approval. That includes individual researcher names
as well as the names of such institutions as the University of
California.

During discussion of grant applications by the CIRM board, directors are not told the names of the applicants,
just the number of the application. If board members have conflicts
of interest on specific applications, they are barred from voting on
and discussing the application. The names of applicants have
occassionally slipped out. Sometimes their identities can also be
discerned by information contained in the summaries of the reviews of
the applications, which become available on the CIRM web site shortly before the directors act. The summaries normally carry scientific scores and recommendations for funding.

Most companies seeking funding from
CIRM do not identify themselves in advance, although they do if they
appeal a negative decision by reviewers. The board has ultimate
authority for approval of grants but has almost never rejected a
recommendation for funding by reviewers.

StemCells Inc. was founded by Irv Weissman of Stanford, who sits on its board of directors. Weissman is also on its scientific advisory board along with Fred Gage
of Salk and David Anderson of Caltech. Weissman and Gage have won
substantial grants from CIRM.

StemCells Inc.'s stock price closed at
92 cents yesterday. Its 52-week high was $8.20, and its 52 week low
was 70 cents.

Here is a link to an analyst's report
on the company.

(Editor's note: An earlier version of this item incorrectly stated that the disease team round will be acted on later this month.)

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

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Biotech Biz Alert: California Stem Cell Agency Altering Loan Policies

Posted: May 13, 2012 at 3:59 pm

The California stem cell agency is in
the midst of making significant changes in its lending regulations,
but says it is not part of an effort to transfer a $25 million loan
to Geron to another company.

That does not mean, however, that the agency is not going to
transfer the loan at some point. CIRM says it already has the
authority to do so.

Talk has surfaced from time to time at
CIRM meetings about the likelihood of helping to continue with the
hESC clinical trial that Geron abruptly abandoned last fall. The
surprise termination of Geron's hESC program came only a few months
after CIRM and Geron signed a $25 million loan agreement in August.
Geron is trying to sell off its hESC business, although Geron's hESC
team has already left the company, according to industry reports.

Modification of the CIRM loan
regulations has been underway for some time. Tomorrow the CIRM
directors' Intellectual Property and Industry Subcommittee will consider the latest proposals.

Some of the changes deal with
relinquishment and transfer of loans. The modifications explicitly
give CIRM President Alan Trounson the ability to transfer a loan
without having to go through additional reviews or seek board
approval. Other changes are also designed to clarify and remove
ambiguities in the transfer arrangement, which may well be necessary
in order to make a transfer acceptable to a buyer of the Geron
assets.

Geron paid off the loan last fall but
it is not clear whether that action would preclude a transfer. At one
point earlier this year, Trounson said he was involved in helping to find a buyer, but it is not clear whether any CIRM official is
currently involved. Geron has hired Stifel
Nicolaus & Co. to help peddle
the hESC business.

CIRM's loan changes are complex. The
agency has not yet put together in one place a straightforward
rationale and explanation of all the modifications. Nonetheless,
biotech and stem cell firms should pay close attention to the
proposals. They could mean the difference between the infusion or
loss of millions for a company's research.

The proposals are expected to go before
the full CIRM board later this month. Then they will be subject to
the state's administrative law process, including a period for public
comment.

Tomorrow's meeting has public
teleconference locations in San Francisco, Los Angeles, La Jolla and
two in Irvine. Specific addresses can be found on the agenda.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

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Advisor to CIRM Nominated to Board of CIRM Grant Recipient Expecting $5 Million from Agency

Posted: May 13, 2012 at 3:59 pm

A "special
advisor" to the $3 billion California stem cell agency has been nominated to the board of directors of Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., a
firm that is sharing in a $14.5 million grant from the state research
enterprise.

She is Saira Ramasastry, managing partner of Life Sciences Advisory, LLC, of
Emerald Lake Hills, Ca., and who also has worked as a consultant to
Sangamo. Ramasastry's ties to CIRM go back to at least May of 2010,
when she served as a consultant for the panel that CIRM hired to
review its operations. The panel strongly recommended that CIRM
engage industry more warmly. Since then Ramasastry's contracts with
CIRM have totalled $65,000. Her current $25,000 contract describes
her work for CIRM as "industry analysis and consultation."

Ramasastry's
website says she serves as "a special advisor to CIRM in
industry engagement initiatives and strategic projects." Her
firm also offers expertise to life sciences firms in "strategic
alternatives advisory, strategic options analysis, tailored business
development solutions and innovative financing strategies."

In a news release April 30 announcing her nomination, Sangamo said Ramasastry has worked as a consultant to the Richmond, Ca., company. William Ringo, chairman of Sangamo's board of
directors, said,

"Saira's
extensive experience in global healthcare investment banking and
strategic advisory consulting will bring valuable financial,
commercial assessment and business development skills to our board."

Compensation for Sangamo directors in 2011 ranged from $75,000 to $35,000 for those who served a full year plus stock options.

Sangamo is sharing
in a $14.5 million, four-year grant from CIRM with the City of Hope
in Los Angeles dealing with an AIDS- related lymphoma therapy. The
grant was approved in 2009. Sangamo expects to receive $5.2 million from the grant if it runs for the full four years. As of the end of 2011, the firm has received $2.4 million, according to its financial documents. In March, Ellen Feigal, CIRM senior vice
president for research and development, said the effort is due for an
evaluation late this year. Earlier this year, CIRM terminated one $19 million grant in the same round after it failed to meet milestones.

Sangamo's board is
scheduled to vote on Ramasastry's nomination on June 21.

The California
Stem Cell Report has asked Ramasastry if she has any comment for
publication. We are also querying CIRM and Sangamo. Their comments
will be carried verbatim when we receive them.

Our take?
Ramasastry's consulting work with both CIRM and Sangamo demonstrates
again the tiny size of the world of stem cell science. It also raises
questions about conflicts of interest involving CIRM and industry. Can
a consultant in such a position serve two masters and serve them both
equally well? CIRM's interests are not necessarily the same as
Sangamo's, which is a publicly traded firm working diligently to
generate profit and financial returns for its shareholders. To do
that, it needs capital from its financial "backers,"
including CIRM. The stem cell agency, however, is in the business of
getting the results that it wants from Sangamo. If not, the grant
can be cancelled. Working for both the stem cell agency, whose
paramount obligation is to the people of California, and a recipient
of the agency's millions is incompatible.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Posted in Stem Cells, Stem Cell Therapy | Comments Off

StemCells, Inc., Hoping for as Much as $40 Million from California Stem Cell Agency

Posted: May 13, 2012 at 3:58 pm

StemCells, Inc., of Newark, Ca., said,

"In January 2012, we submitted two
applications to the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine
(CIRM) for 'Disease Team Therapy Development Research Awards,' one
for Alzheimer's disease and one for cervical spinal cord injury. A
research award may be up to $20 million, payable over four years, to
fund preclinical and IND-enabling activities with the aim of starting
human clinical trials within a four-year window."

StemCells Inc.'s stock price closed at
92 cents yesterday. Its 52-week high was $8.20, and its 52 week low
was 70 cents.

Here is a link to an analyst's report
on the company.

(Editor's note: An earlier version of this item incorrectly stated that the disease team round will be acted on later this month.)

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Posted in Stem Cells, Stem Cell Therapy | Comments Off

Biotech Biz Alert: California Stem Cell Agency Altering Loan Policies

Posted: May 13, 2012 at 3:58 pm

That does not mean, however, that the agency is not going to
transfer the loan at some point. CIRM says it already has the
authority to do so.

Modification of the CIRM loan
regulations has been underway for some time. Tomorrow the CIRM
directors' Intellectual Property and Industry Subcommittee will consider the latest proposals.

The proposals are expected to go before
the full CIRM board later this month. Then they will be subject to
the state's administrative law process, including a period for public
comment.

Tomorrow's meeting has public
teleconference locations in San Francisco, Los Angeles, La Jolla and
two in Irvine. Specific addresses can be found on the agenda.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Posted in Stem Cells, Stem Cell Therapy | Comments Off

Advisor to CIRM Nominated to Board of CIRM Grant Recipient Expecting $5 Million from Agency

Posted: May 13, 2012 at 3:58 pm

"Saira's
extensive experience in global healthcare investment banking and
strategic advisory consulting will bring valuable financial,
commercial assessment and business development skills to our board."

Compensation for Sangamo directors in 2011 ranged from $75,000 to $35,000 for those who served a full year plus stock options.

Sangamo's board is
scheduled to vote on Ramasastry's nomination on June 21.

The California
Stem Cell Report has asked Ramasastry if she has any comment for
publication. We are also querying CIRM and Sangamo. Their comments
will be carried verbatim when we receive them.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

Posted in Stem Cells, Stem Cell Therapy | Comments Off

Stem cells jab ‘helps brain cancer patients tolerate chemotherapy’

Posted: May 11, 2012 at 6:14 pm

By Daily Mail Reporter

PUBLISHED: 16:01 EST, 9 May 2012 | UPDATED: 01:37 EST, 10 May 2012

Stem cells have been transplanted into brain cancer patients for the first time in a bid to protect them against the toxic side effects of chemotherapy.

In a study involving three patients, scientists found that two of them survived longer than predicted following the surgery while the other has seen no disease progression after three years of treatment.

The study was carried out by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre in the United States.

Breakthrough: Scientists have transferred stem cells into brain cancer sufferers in a bid to protect them against the harmful effects of chemotherapy

The centre's Dr Hans-Peter Kiem said: 'We found that patients were able to tolerate the chemotherapy better and without negative side effects after transplantation of the gene-modified stem cells.

'This compares with patients in previous studies who received the same type of chemotherapy without a transplant of gene-modified stem cells.'

Dr Kiem added that a major barrier to effective use of chemotherapy to treat cancers such as glioblastoma, which all three patients had, has been the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs to other organs, primarily bone marrow.

This results in decreased blood cell counts, increased susceptibility to infections and other side effects.

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Page 304«..10 20..303304305 306..310 320..»

Category Archives: Stem Cells

Scientists Discover Clues to Muscle Stem Cell Functions

Bone grown from human embryonic stem cells

New York Stem Cell Foundation scientist grows bone from human embryonic stem cells

StemCells, Inc., Hoping for as Much as $40 Million from California Stem Cell Agency

Biotech Biz Alert: California Stem Cell Agency Altering Loan Policies

Advisor to CIRM Nominated to Board of CIRM Grant Recipient Expecting $5 Million from Agency

StemCells, Inc., Hoping for as Much as $40 Million from California Stem Cell Agency

Biotech Biz Alert: California Stem Cell Agency Altering Loan Policies

Advisor to CIRM Nominated to Board of CIRM Grant Recipient Expecting $5 Million from Agency

Stem cells jab ‘helps brain cancer patients tolerate chemotherapy’

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