Diabetes Weight Loss: Research, Tips, and Where to Start – Healthline

Your weight can affect diabetes, but diabetes can also affect your weight. This may depend on the type of diabetes that you have type 1 or type 2.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar, or glucose. With diabetes, the body either doesnt make enough of a hormone called insulin or cant effectively use the insulin it does make. Insulin controls the levels of glucose in the blood after you eat a meal.

People with type 1 diabetes may lose weight unintentionally since they cant use the sugar they eat for energy. In this case, the pancreas doesnt make insulin, and sugar is removed from the body during urination.

Being overweight or obese increases a persons risk for developing type 2 diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes have a condition called insulin resistance. This means that the pancreas can typically still make insulin, but the body cant use it properly. The pancreas tries to compensate by making more insulin, but it eventually wears out.

Weight loss, which can be achieved through diet changes, exercise, and certain medications, can be an important way to help combat insulin resistance and treat type 2 diabetes, and in some instances type 1.

Unexpected or unintended weight loss is often a symptom of unmanaged diabetes, both type 1 and type 2.

With type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks cells of the pancreas that make insulin. Since theres no insulin available to move glucose into the bodys cells, glucose builds up in the bloodstream. The kidneys then work to remove this unused sugar through urination. The sugar isnt used as energy, so the body starts burning fat and muscle for energy, resulting in weight loss.

Weight loss in type 1 diabetes may be unintentional. If people with type 1 diabetes need to lose weight, this can be done safely by reducing calorie intake. Some people may under-treat their diabetes to lose weight, but this is highly dangerous. Skipping insulin can lead to very high blood sugar levels, a serious complication known as diabetic ketoacidosis, and potentially death.

Under-treating diabetes to lose weight can be a symptom of an eating disorder. If you think you have an eating disorder, reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional to get specialized support and treatment.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, causing sugar to build up in the blood. Having overweight or obesity puts you at a much higher risk for developing diabetes, and it makes blood sugar levels harder to manage.

In fact, research shows that losing just 5 to 7 percent of body weight may reduce the chance of developing type 2 diabetes by over 50 percent in adults at high risk for the disease.

There are many benefits to losing weight when you have type 2 diabetes. These include:

In some cases, weight loss can even restore blood sugar to a normal level and eliminate the need to take type 2 diabetes medications.

If you have type 1 diabetes, weight gain may occur once you start taking insulin. Losing weight may require fine-tuning your calorie and carbohydrate intake and insulin dose.

People with type 1 diabetes can also develop insulin resistance, and in that situation, would benefit from weight loss to help them need less insulin.

Certain medications used to treat diabetes also help with weight loss, including:

Metformin is a commonly prescribed diabetes medication that is used to control blood sugar. Research shows that it may also help some people lose weight over time.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are very effective at lowering blood sugar levels. They may also help with weight loss.

Examples include:

Another class of medications associated with weight loss and improved blood sugar control is the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. These include:

As you lose weight, your may need less medication to keep your blood sugar in target range. This can cause some people to develop low blood sugars. If you notice this occurring during your weight loss journey, talk with a medical professional to adjust your diabetes medications.

If you have diabetes and wish to lose weight, combining a balanced diet with physical activity is likely the best strategy. Even small changes to your diet can go a long way.

In general, you should aim for a diet high in non-starchy vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains.

The American Diabetes Association recommends using the Diabetes Plate Method when preparing meals.

For this method, use a plate approximately 9 inches in width and follow these three simple steps:

For drinks, stick with water or unsweetened tea whenever possible.

You should avoid snacking on high sugar, high fat, or heavily processed foods, like:

In addition to diet changes, exercise is also important for weight loss. Always talk with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.

Start by setting modest goals. You can begin by walking either outside or on a treadmill for 10 to 20 minutes each day. After a week or so, increase the time or the speed youre walking.

Research shows that getting moderate intensity aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes each week is enough to produce significant improvements in blood sugar control and help you lose weight.

Aerobic exercise includes activities like:

To help get you motivated, you can join a gym or a group fitness class or exercise with a friend.

If youre not sure how best to eat for diabetes, or if you want help with managing your weight, consider meeting with a dietitian or nutritionist.

If you have Medicare, you may be eligible for Intensive Behavioral Therapy for Obesity. This includes up to a year of in-person weight-loss counseling visits with a healthcare professional.

Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (CDCES) are professionals who provide personal one-on-one support to people living with diabetes. They can help with:

The Diabetes Foundation or the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists can help you locate a free or low cost CDCES.

If you or a loved one are restricting insulin to lose weight, it can have very serious consequences. This practice is considered a type of eating disorder, and professional help is available.

Weight loss can be an unintended symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes. If you have type 1 diabetes and youre losing too much weight, talk with a medical professional.

On the other hand, weight loss is an important part of the treatment program for people with type 2 diabetes and people with type 1 diabetes and overweight. Losing weight can decrease insulin resistance and make blood sugar easier to control.

If you have type 2 diabetes and are trying to lose weight, the best approach is to set realistic weight-loss goals and aim for moderation. Take steps to eat a more balanced diet, include more physical activity in your daily routine, and be sure to take all prescribed medications.

If youre still concerned with your weight, dont hesitate to talk with a medical professional or meet with a Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist.

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Diabetes Weight Loss: Research, Tips, and Where to Start - Healthline