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Medical Biotechnology, MS : College of Nursing and Health …

Posted: July 12, 2018 at 12:49 am

The Professional Science Masters (PSM) degree in Medical Biotechnology combines graduate level science study with advanced business learning. This graduate degree program is for individuals with a bachelor's degree in the biomedical sciences who wish to advance their science and laboratory skills, specifically in biotechnology, but also want the business skills usually taught through an MBA program. The course may be completed in 12 - 18 months.

Since advanced cross-training between science and business occurs, students will take courses from both the College of Nursing and Health Sciences and the School of Business. Business courses focus on the foundation of professional skills, such as marketing, management, and entrepreneurship, giving students greater employment opportunity in the biotech field. Because of the interdisciplinary aspect of the PSM degree, students feel they are earning both a biotechnology and business graduate degree.

Biotechnology is a rapidly growing field where science experts study living organisms in order to produce diagnostic initiatives and pharmaceutical products to help impact and improve human health. Because of the rapid growth, the job opportunities within this field are endless. Now, more than ever, PSM graduates are in high demand because of the fusion of skills acquired upon completion of the degree. This is extremely important because employers are seeking candidates that have the science and lab expertise, but who can also perform well in business situations - such as pitching a new product to a potential client.

Here is a sample of companies and government agencies who normally hire PSM Biotechnology graduates:

Being located in Miami-Dade County, our masters degree in biotechnology is perfect for individuals seeking to work within the biotech and pharmaceutical industry. Miami provides many job opportunities because biotech companies are very prevalent in the South Florida market. Program Director Dr. Graham Shaw works directly with students to ensure the best placement for the required paid internship completed during their studies. Through these hands-on internships, students progress in their scientific expertise as well as develop their business and professional skills in the pharmaceutical business environment.

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What Is Biotechnology Used For? | Reference.com

Posted: July 12, 2018 at 12:49 am

Some of the earliest human uses of biotechnology were the domestication of animals and cultivation of crops for consumption. Other early uses of biotechnology were in specialized breeding programs of food staples by farmers that resulted in crops with high yields that could sustain the larger populations necessary for human society to thrive after the Neolithic Revolution. Biotechnology relating to food and drink also includes leavening yeast for bread and fermentation practices for beer and wine.

In 1928, Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered the mold culture that would eventually became the basis for the antibiotic penicillin. This organism's contribution to human health through its application in the treatment of infections is an example of biotechnology in action. Penicillin and its subsequent drug classes have been in use since 1940.

Modern biotechnology seeks to affect various aspects of human life by creating new types of fuel, improving agricultural practices, and fighting infectious disease. As a result, biotechnology is closely related to the fields of biomedical engineering and bioengineering.

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Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Events | Congress …

Posted: July 12, 2018 at 12:49 am

Sessions and Tracks

Track 01: Current Scenario in Biotechnology

It binds cellular and bio molecular processes to develop technologies and products that help develop our future. We have already used the microorganisms in olden days to make beneficial products. Modern biotechnology transports step forward the usage of technologies to war draining and for rare diseases, diminish our environmental defects, food for hungry, and safer and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

5th Synthetic Biology and Advanced Biomaterials Congress - September 19 - 20, 2018 Tokyo, Japan | International Biotechnology and Health Care Convention - October 5 - 6, 2018 Osaka, Japan | 22nd World Biotechnology Congress - November 19 - 20, 2018 Bangkok, Thailand | 2nd Stem Cell, Cell and Gene Therapy Congress - November 9 - 10, 2018 Atlanta, Georgia, USA | 11th Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Congress - October 18 - 20, 2018 Rome, Italy | 5th International Conference on Cellular Materials - 24 Oct 2018 - 26 Oct 2018 ; Bad Staffelstein, Germany | 2nd Annual Microbiome Discovery and Development Congress - 07 Jun 2018 - 08 Jun 2018 ; Berlin, Germany | 2nd International Probiotics, Nutrition & Microbiome Conference - 10 Oct 2018 - 12 Oct 2018 ; Amsterdam, Netherlands | 5th International Synthetic & Systems Biology Summer School - 25 Jul 2018 - 29 Jul 2018 ; Certosa di Pontignano (Siena) Tuscany, Italy | 1st International Congress of Green Biotechnology - 01 Nov 2018 - 02 Nov 2018 ; Taroudant, Morocco.

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Europe:

Spanish Society of Biotechnology, The Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland, Russian Medical Society, Society for Engineering in Agriculture, Society of Microbial Ecology and Disease, Manchester University Pharmaceutical Society, Italian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Society for Chemical Engineering Biotechnology, Romanian Society of Medical Mycology and Mycotoxicology, New Zealand

Asia

Korean Society of Food Science And Technology, Pharmaceutical Society of Singapore, Korean Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, Pharmaceutical Society of Singapore, Indian Society of Nano science And Nanotechnology, Tanta Pharmaceutical Scientific Society (TPSS), Iran Society for Cell Biology, Israel Societies for Experimental Biology, Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (SIMB), Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society

Track 02: Biomedical Engineering and Metabolic Engineering

Biomedical engineering deals with the biology and provides valuable solution for problem solving technique. It exposes the answer for problem arises in health care instruments. It predominant towards the diagnostic clinical devices which also involves in therapeutic proceedings. Metabolic engineering optimized study of genetically factors and metabolic structure of cells. It also helps to determine the regulatory process to increase the count of benefiter cells. Its aim is to use organisms to produce desirable substances on an industrial scale in a in effect manner.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Congress| Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

5th International Synthetic Biology Conference - September 19 - 20, 2018 Tokyo, Japan | International Biotechnology and Health Care Conference - October 5 - 6, 2018 Osaka, Japan | 22nd global Biotechnology Conference - November 19 - 20, 2018 Bangkok, Thailand | 2nd International Stem Cell & gene Therapy Congress - November 9 - 10, 2018 Atlanta, Georgia, USA | 11th Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Congress - October 18 - 20, 2018 Rome, Italy | 5th International Conference on Biomaterials & regenerative medicine conference - 24 to 26 Oct 2018 ; Bad Staffelstein, Germany | 2nd Annual Micro biome Discovery and Development Congress - 07 Jun 2018 - 08 Jun 2018 ; Berlin, Germany

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Asia

Track 03: Biosensors

Biosensor is trending technology in life science field an analytical device to measure a analyte that combines biological components and physicochemical components. These are the biological sensible elements. The Bioreceptors are driven into antibody-antigen interaction, Artificial binding Proteins, Enzymatic interaction, Affinity binding receptors, and Nucleic acid interaction. The biological transducers are also involved in sensing such as electrochemical and Ion channel switch.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

International conference on Cell Therapy ; September 27-28, 2017, Chicago, Illinois, USA; global Summit on Cell Signaling and immunotherapy. September 27-28, 2017, Chicago, Illinois, USA; 8th International Expo on Cell & Stem Cell Research 20-22 March, 2017 Orlando, Florida, USA; 3rd International Conference on Tissue Preservation and Bio banking August 23-24, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA global summit on Stem Cell and Bio banking October 23-24, 2017 Osaka, Japan; 3rd International Conference on Biotechnology and Agriculture Engineering Mar 28-30, 2017, Osaka, Japan; 8th world Food Engineering and Biotechnology conference on April 24-26, 2017 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Biotechnology Conference, May 1-3, 2017, San Diego, USA.

.S.A

Europe:

Spanish Society of Biotechnology, The Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland, Russian Medical Society, Society for Engineering in Agriculture, Society of Microbial Ecology and Disease, Italian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Society for Chemical Engineering Biotechnology, Romanian Society of Medical Mycology and Mycotoxicology, New Zealand

Asia

Track 04: Biophysics

It is a method of study which applies the approach of physics to study biological process and physical phenomena implies in a human body. It also defines from organism and molecular population in the body. Bridging the distance between the density of life and the simplicity of physical laws is the task of biophysics. The pattern of bio systems and examining them with math and physics is a powerful way to gain insights.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

International conference on Cell Therapy September 27-28, 2017, Chicago, Illinois, USA; global summit on Cell Signaling and Cancer Therapy September 27-28, 2017, Chicago, Illinois, USA; 8th International Congress and Expo on Cell & Stem Cell Research March 20-22, 2017 Orlando, Florida, USA; 3rd global Conference & Exhibition on Tissue Preservation and Bio banking August 23-24, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA; 9th global Convention on Stem Cell and Bio banking October 23-24, 2017 Osaka, Japan

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Europe:

Asia

Track 05: Plant Biotechnology and Tissue culture

It defines the plant behaviours and gene modification towards plant. It is the combined use of biochemistry, microbiology and genetic engineering in order to realize technological application of the abilities of micro-organism, cultured tissue cells. It is a huge field that involves producing new products in a larger faster way, conflicting from the conventional way of doing the same. It can be separated into numerous systems dependent on what each of these contains. Tissue culture is a technique is a vast field that develops the production of new variety of plant in sterile condition on a nutrient medium where this application is also develops in Animal tissue culture. It is a process of cells can be separated and develops in the tissue are being happened.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

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Europe:

Asia

Track 06: Agricultural Biotechnology

This is also known as agricultural technology. .It is purely depends on Agriculture where science can exhibits its involvement such as genetic engineering, molecular techniques etc. It is a collection of scientific techniques used to improve plants, animals and microorganisms. The understanding of DNA, scientists have established clarifies to rise agriculturalproductivity and trait are transferred from a certain species of Yield to an completely different species. Thesetransgenic crops possess desirable characteristics in terms of flavour, colour of flowers, growth rate, size of harvested products and resistance to diseases and pests.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

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Europe:

Asia

Track 07: Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology

It involves in the nurturing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food. With the growing demand for fish products,biotechnologycan help in the development of high quality, economical produce; it helps to reducing pressure on natural populations.Marine Biotechnology are also known as blue biotechnology which determines the development of aquatic system with help of science where biological changes turns to best outcomes such as Primary and Secondary metabolites are being acquired.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

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Europe:

Asia

Track 08: Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology

Biochemistry is the study of chemical process which happens in the living organism. Biochemistry is related molecular biology by whichgeneticinformationencodedinDNAis able to result in the processes of life. Pharmaceutical Technology which also determines the principles of biotechnology are applied to the development of drugs. Most therapeutic drugs in the current market are bio formulations, such as antibodies, nucleic acid and vaccines. It used to understanding the principles underlying health and disease, the fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the function of related biomolecules, synthesis and purification of the molecules determining shelf life, stability, toxicity and immunogenicity, drug delivery systems and clinical trials of the product.

Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Meetings | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Conferences | Biotechnology Symposia | Biotechnology Workshops

.S.A

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Biotechnology, MS

Posted: July 12, 2018 at 12:49 am

Home Academics College of Science and Mathematics Biology Department Graduate Programs Biotechnology, MS

Degree Requirements | Admission Requirements | Transfer Credit Policy | Costs and Financial Aid

This MS program in biotechnology and biomedical science trains students in the theory and laboratory techniques used in biotechnology and biomedical science-two high technology areas of expanding national and local importance. The program provides a firm foundation in the principles underlying modern biotechnology techniques, and integrates this theoretical understanding with intensive training in a variety of laboratory skills and in computer applications to biotechnology.

The curriculum of the program consists of required courses in biology and biophysics, a required two-semester research experimentation course, and elective courses in biology, chemistry, and physics. Work in these courses is particularly appropriate for students with interests in the emerging fields of biotechnology, molecular genetics, tissue culture, and computerized laboratory technology.

Thirty credits are required for the master of science degree in biotechnology and biomedical science.

Each degree candidate is assigned to a three-member advising committee, which will be responsible for insuring that the student fulfills all requirements of the program and the Office of Graduate Studies.

All students must complete the following courses for a total of 9 credits:

All students must complete at least four of the following courses for a minimum of 12 credits:

Students must complete the remainder of credits (9 credits) by taking elective courses chosen from the following list. At least two must be biology courses.

Students wishing to substitute any other courses for those on this list of electives must have prior approval from their Academic Advising Committee and the graduate program director in biology.

Each student prepares a written report on his or her research work and must also take an oral examination, which will not necessarily be limited to the topic of the report. The student must submit an outline of the report to his or her advising committee before taking the oral examination.

Students may choose either an internship option or a thesis option, which will enable them to pursue a thesis research project in the laboratory of a faculty member. Thesis students have the option of taking 4 additional research credits, as Biol 699. This, in combination with two semesters of Biol 696, will allow for a maximum of 10 credits toward research.

Note: These degree requirements are subject to change as developments in the field affect the program's curriculum. Please contact the director of graduate programs in biology for the most current information.

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL official test score) is required for international applicants. For more information regarding minimal TOEFL scores go to Graduate Admissions.The stated interests of a prospective student must coincide to an acceptable degree with the faculty specialties represented in the program. The Biology Graduate Committee in conjunction with the Director of Graduate Programs in Biology is responsible for reviewing applications and for recommending candidates to the dean of graduate studies.

Applicants who have completed appropriate graduate course work at other accredited institutions may transfer the equivalent of six credits toward UMass Boston graduate degree requirements from courses in which the applicant received a grade of B or higher, provided these are courses that have not been used to fulfill requirements for another degree,andwere completed no more than seven years before the applicant's matriculation of UMass Boston.Transfer credit is subject to the final approval of the graduate program director and the dean of graduate studies.

As a public university, the costs of attending UMass Boston are moderate, especially for students who qualify as residents of Massachusetts. Financial aid is available in the form of grants, loans, and a limited number of assistantships that provide a stipend and remission of tuition.

For information about financial assistance please see the graduate assistance page, or write or call:

Office of Financial Aid ServicesUniversity of Massachusetts Boston100 Morrissey Blvd.Boston, MA 02125617.287.6300

Please consult the frequently asked questions (FAQs) at the bottom of the preceding Graduate Programs home page.

Faculty in the School for the Environment and Computer Science and Chemistry Departments also participate in this program.

Please note:All information on this website is subject to change.This website is neither a contract nor an offer to make a contract.

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Biotechnology, MS

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Stem Cell Therapy – Virginia Spine Institute

Posted: July 11, 2018 at 1:42 am

Painful discs in the neck or low back are common causes of severe back pain and disability. Historically, therapies did not exist to regenerate the degenerative process in a vertebral disc, often leaving surgical intervention as the only option if other non-operative treatment options have failed. In selected patients, we now have hopes of better ways to treat spinal disease. Regenerative therapies for the spine are the future for spinal treatments. We are excited to offer innovative techniques as new and improved ways to try to heal spinal problems without having to undergo surgery. Regenerative therapy options hold wonderful healing potential and represent the future of modern medicine.

In the United States alone, more than 400,000 lumbar discectomies and 500,000 spinal fusions are performed each year for symptoms related to lumbar disc degeneration. The ability to get these to heal without surgery has been a long-term goal of many patients and physicians alike.At Virginia Spine Institute, we are working to promote healing without surgery. Virginia Spine Institute continues to be on the forefront of treatment options and is proud to offer stem cell therapy treatments for patients as part of ourcomprehensive non-operative treatment options.

We obtain a patients own stem cells by aspirating tissue from the patient's hip bone or from their fat cells. These cells are centrifuged down to identify and separate specific primitive cells that will help heal tissues. Stem cells are theninjected into the disc, stimulating healing of the disc by using these primitive blood cells to stimulate regeneration of the collagen within the disc. We are excited to report improvements in our patients treated with stem cells.

What are Stem Cells?

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become specialized types of cells. Stem cells can be categorized as embryonic stem cells or adult stem cells.Embryonic stem cells are derived from a human fetus; there are many ethical concerns with embryonic stem cells, and these are not used in our practice.

Adult stem cells are derived from adults, sometimes obtained from your very own body! Adult stem cells are further divided into different categories. For example, the types of adult stem cells we use to treat musculoskeletal issues are known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These are multi-potent cells that can differentiate into bone cells, cartilage cells, or fat cells. Its important to note that they cannot differentiate into any other type of cell.

The human body has multiple storage sites for stem cells to repair degenerated and injured structures. We have found that obtaining stem cells from the hip bone (iliac bone) is easily performed within minutes and, in most cases, is a fairly painless procedure for the patient. The stem cells are obtained from your own bone marrow; just minutes later, they are used for treatment.

This procedure is done in our office and starts with the patient lying face down on the examination table. The skin is first numbed with a novocaine solution. After that, the cortex of the hip bone (iliac bone) is numbed. Next, under x-ray (fluoroscopic) guidance, a special needle is advanced through the bone to the cortex of your hip bone into the bone marrow. The liquid marrow - which contains the stem cells - is then withdrawn into a syringe. Finally, the needle is removed, and a small bandage is placed where the needle was inserted.

After the procedure, the syringe of stem cells is taken to the lab and placed in a specialized machine called a centrifuge. The centrifuge spins the bone marrow solution and stem cells are separated from the non-useful cells. The concentrated stem cells are then transferred to a new syringe. Now, the stem cells are ready for the treatment.

Not all patients will be a candidate for these disc regeneration procedures. For those whom are ideal candidates, this provides great hope with reduction in pain and improved quality of life without the need for major surgery. We are excited about these great advances in health care and look forward to helping you live pain free.

Stem cell injections are most commonly used for treatment of the following conditions:

The area of injury is first identified using ultrasound or fluoroscopy. The area is then sterilized, and the skin above the area is numbed with a novocaine-type solution. Using ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance, the needle is guided to the area of injury, and the stem cell solution is injected. All the regenerative injections performed at our practice are performed under image guidance with ultrasound or fluoroscopy to confirm accurate placement of the stem cells.

The risks depend on the area being treated; however, there is always a potential risk of an injection causing infection, bleeding, or nerve damage. It is important to note that there is no risk of allergic reaction since you are using your own stem cells. At Virginia Spine Institute we always recommended the safest and most efficient procedures for our patients, however, your physician will review any possible risks associated with this treatment prior to administering.

The benefit is usually seen approximately two to three months after the whole treatment protocol has completed; however, you may start to notice the benefit sooner than this.

In most cases, patients respond very well to just one treatment; however, the patient may require two to three injections. We never perform more than three injections within a span of 12 months.

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PRP & Stem Cell Treatment in Richmond VA – Dr. Bill Nordt …

Posted: July 11, 2018 at 1:42 am

If youve been told that surgery was the only option to relieve your joint pain, you may considerStem Cell Therapy or Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection Therapyoffered by Dr. Nordt in Richmond, Virginia.

It is said that every pain has a story.Your situation and your pain are unique. Accordingly, you should expect treatment that is tailored specifically for you. Although Stem Cell and PRP Injection Therapy isnt for everyone, if youre suffering from acute or chronic pain in your knees, shoulders or hips, you may want to investigate these new fields of regenerative therapy.

These treatments use your bodys own repair mechanism and growth factors to promote healing.Stem cell therapy can be used to address various knee conditions.Many research laboratories are applying stem cell therapy to painful joint conditions.In theory, these cells can replicate, regenerate and restore healthy cellular tissue in areas of delayed or failed healing.

Stem Cell Therapy is a cutting-edge treatment that can be used to treat the pain and symptoms associated with a damaged joint. Pain from joint injury and deterioration is the result of multiple factors, including tissue damage, edema, and inflammation. Whenever possible, efforts to promote natural healing should be utilized. In those instances that ones own healing mechanism is inadequate, measures to jump-start the process may be indicated.

Stem cells are precursor cells and possess the capacity to transform into multiple tissue types. Stem cells are thought to have the potential to stimulate new growth and repair connective tissue. These cells enhance the bodys natural ability to heal itself, either through cell-to-cell mediation or genetic upregulation and matrix production.

Stem cells are either syringe- injected or surgically implanted into a joint to promote healing of the damaged ligaments, tendons and cartilage.

It should be noted that stem cells are still considered experimental in many orthopedic applications. Small or lesser degrees of tissue damage is more likely to benefit from any biological intervention. Stem cells may impart a mechanism to control inflammation, and in that event, can be helpful in any joint condition in which inflammation is a factor.

We are still in the process of understating just which conditions are most amenable to stem cell treatment. It is expected that over time, the indications and processes of stem cell injections will broaden.

Stem cells can be harvested from ones own bone marrow with a needle, known as a bone marrow aspiration or BMA. This can be performed under local or general anesthesia or with sedation. The bone marrow aspiration may be part of a larger surgery or a stand-alone procedure.

Stem cells can also be sourced from laboratories which are commercially prepared. Many commercial preparations are from the amniotic fluid of healthy newborns. They are delivered frozen and injected with a syringe.

Dr. Nordt is considered to be one of Richmonds leading providers of Stem Cell Therapy to be used in the treatment of degenerative various knee and shoulder disorders. To learn more about Stem Cell Therapy, contact Dr. Nordt s staff for more information.

Platelets are small discs that are derived from the fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. They play an important role in hemostasis and are a natural source of growth factors. Platelets are one of the key factors in forming blood clots and helping wounds heal.

Platelet Rich Plasma, or PRP, is blood plasma with concentrated amounts of platelets and other growth factors. The high levels of platelets found in PRP contain huge reservoirs of bioactive proteins, including growth factors and signaling proteins that are vital to initiate and accelerate tissue repair and regeneration.

To create Platelet Rich Plasma, a small amount of blood is taken from the patients arm. This blood is then placed in a centrifuge, where it is spun and the platelets are separated from the rest of the blood components. This takes less than 15 minutes and increases the concentration of platelets and growth factors up to 500%.

The specially prepared platelets are taken and reinjected into and around the point of injury. At this point in the process, the platelets release special growth factors that lead to tissue healing. By injecting injured areas with concentrated platelets, we can increase the growth factors up to five times which promotes temporary relief, is thought to promote overall healing, and stop any inflammation at the site of the injury.

PRP injection is a treatment option for various orthopedic injuries and conditions, which have traditionally required surgery or other extensive treatments. PRP injections are being utilized with increasing frequency and effectiveness in the field of orthopedic medicine.

Some common injuries that are treated with PRP injections include:

PRP injections are a fairly quick procedure that consists of drawing the blood to create Platelet Rich Plasma, preparing the PRP in the centrifuge, and then injecting the PRP into the affected area. The whole process is fairly quick and doesnt require anesthesia. This is a highly effective treatment that can be used to avoid intrusive joint surgery that would require a much longer period of rehabilitation.

Dr. Nordt is one or Richmonds leading providers of PRP Injection Therapy for the use of alleviating muscle and joint pain related to various orthopedic injuries and conditions. To learn more about PRP Injection Therapy, contact Dr. Nordts staff for more information.

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Epigenetics: Fundamentals, History, and Examples | What is …

Posted: July 9, 2018 at 2:44 pm

What is Epigenetics?

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence a change in phenotype without a change in genotype which in turn affects how cells read the genes. Epigenetic change is a regular and natural occurrence but can also be influenced by several factors including age, the environment/lifestyle, and disease state. Epigenetic modifications can manifest as commonly as the manner in which cells terminally differentiate to end up as skin cells, liver cells, brain cells, etc. Or, epigenetic change can have more damaging effects that can result in diseases like cancer. At least three systems including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-associated gene silencing are currently considered to initiate and sustain epigenetic change. New and ongoing research is continuously uncovering the role of epigeneticsin a variety of human disorders and fatal diseases.

The Evolving Landscape of Epigenetic Research: A Brief History

What began as broad research focused on combining genetics and developmental biology by well-respected scientists including Conrad H. Waddington and Ernst Hadorn during the mid-twentieth century has evolved into the field we currently refer to as epigenetics. The term epigenetics, which was coined by Waddington in 1942, was derived from the Greek word epigenesis which originally described the influence of genetic processes on development. During the 1990s there became a renewed interest in genetic assimilation. This led to elucidation of the molecular basis of Conrad Waddingtons observations in which environmental stress caused genetic assimilation of certain phenotypic characteristics in Drosophila fruit flies. Since then, research efforts have been focused on unraveling the epigenetic mechanisms related to these types of changes.

Currently, DNA methylation is one of the most broadly studied and well-characterized epigenetic modifications dating back to studies done by Griffith and Mahler in 1969 which suggested that DNA methylation may be important in long term memory function. Other major modifications include chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA mechanisms. The renewed interest in epigenetics has led to new findings about the relationship between epigenetic changes and a host of disorders including various cancers, mental retardation associated disorders, immune disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders and pediatric disorders.

Epigenetics and the Environment: How Lifestyle Can Influence Epigenetic Change from One Generation to the Next

The field of epigenetics is quickly growing and with it the understanding that both the environment and individual lifestyle can also directly interact with the genome to influence epigenetic change. These changes may be reflected at various stages throughout a persons life and even in later generations. For example, human epidemiological studies have provided evidence that prenatal and early postnatal environmental factors influence the adult risk of developing various chronic diseases and behavioral disorders. Studies have shown that children born during the period of the Dutch famine from 1944-1945 have increased rates of coronary heart disease and obesity after maternal exposure to famine during early pregnancy compared to those not exposed to famine. Less DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene, a well-characterized epigenetic locus, was found to be associated with this exposure. Likewise, adults that were prenatally exposed to famine conditions have also been reported to have significantly higher incidence of schizophrenia.

Research has also shown that a mothers exposure to pollution could impact her childs asthma susceptibilityand her intake of vitamin D could change DNA methylationthat influences placenta functioning. It doesnt stop at the mother, however, as further studies support that the father has a hand in his childs health and epigenetic marks as well. Read:A Childs Mental Fitness Could Be Epigenetically Influenced by Dads Diet.

How Lifestyle Can Affect Individual Epigenetics and Health

Although our epigenetic marks are more stable during adulthood, they are still thought to be dynamic and modifiable by lifestyle choices and environmental influence. It is becoming more apparent that epigenetic effects occur not just in the womb, but over the full course of a human life span, and that epigenetic changes could be reversed. There are numerous examples of epigenetics that show how different lifestyle choices and environmental exposures can alter marks on top of DNA and play a role in determining health outcomes.

The environment is being investigated as a powerful influence on epigenetic tags and disease susceptibility. Pollution has become a significant focus in this research area as scientists are finding that air pollution could alter methyl tags on DNA and increase ones risk for neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, B vitamins may protect against harmful epigenetic effects of pollution and may be able to combat the harmful effects that particular matter has on the body.

Diet has also been shown to modify epigenetic tags in significant ways. The field of nutriepigenomics explores how food and epigenetics work together to influence health and wellbeing. For example, a study found that a high fat, low carb diet could open up chromatin and improve mental ability via HDAC inhibitors. Other studies have found that certain compounds within the foods we consume could protect again cancer by adjusting methyl marks on oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Ultimately, an epigenetic diet may guide people toward the optimal food regimen as scientific studies reveal the underlying mechanisms and impact that different foods have on the epigenome and health.

Explore these topics in epigenetics:

An accumulation of genetic and epigenetic errors can transform a normal cell into an invasive or metastatic tumor cell.

Cancer. Cancer was the first human disease to be linked to epigenetics. Studies performed by Feinberg and Vogelstein in 1983, using primary human tumor tissues, found that genes of colorectal cancer cells were substantially hypomethylated compared with normal tissues. DNA hypomethylation can activate oncogenes and initiate chromosome instability, whereas DNA hypermethylation initiates silencing of tumor suppressor genes. An accumulation of genetic and epigenetic errors can transform a normal cell into an invasive or metastatic tumor cell. Additionally, DNA methylation patterns may cause abnormal expression of cancer-associated genes. Global histone modification patterns are also found to correlate with cancers such as prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Subsequently, epigenetic changes can be used as biomarkers for the molecular diagnosis of early cancer.

Mental Retardation Disorders. Epigenetic changes are also linked to several disorders that result in intellectual disabilities such as ATR-X, Fragile X, Rett, Beckwith-Weidman (BWS), Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. For example, the imprint disorders Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome, display an abnormal phenotype as a result of the absence of the paternal or maternal copy of a gene, respectively. In these imprint disorders, there is a genetic deletion in chromosome 15 in a majority of patients. The same gene on the corresponding chromosome cannot compensate for the deletion because it has been turned off by methylation, an epigenetic modification. Genetic deletions inherited from the father result in Prader-Willi syndrome, and those inherited from the mother, Angelman syndrome.

Immunity & Related Disorders. There are several pieces of evidence showing that loss of epigenetic control over complex immune processes contributes to autoimmune disease. Abnormal DNA methylation has been observed in patients with lupus whose T cells exhibit decreased DNA methyltransferase activity and hypomethylated DNA. Disregulation of this pathway apparently leads to overexpression of methylation-sensitive genes such as the leukocyte function-associated factor (LFA1), which causes lupus-like autoimmunity. Interestingly, LFA1 expression is also required for the development of arthritis, which raises the possibility that altered DNA methylation patterns may contribute to other diseases displaying idiopathic autoimmunity. Epigenetic research has also shown that there is joint-specific DNA methylation and transcriptome signatures in rheumatoid arthritis, which could help explain why some targeted therapies for arthritis could alleviate pain in the knees but not the hips.

Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Epigenetic errors also play a role in the causation of complex adult psychiatric, autistic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Several reports have associated schizophrenia and mood disorders with DNA rearrangements that include the DNMT genes. DNMT1 is selectively overexpressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons of schizophrenic brains, whereas hypermethylation has been shown to repress expression of Reelin (a protein required for normal neurotransmission, memory formation and synaptic plasticity) in brain tissue from patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar illness and psychosis. A role for aberrant methylation mediated by folate levels has been suggested as a factor in Alzheimers disease; also some preliminary evidence supports a model that incorporates both genetic and epigenetic contributions in the causation of autism. Autism has been linked to the region on chromosome 15 that is responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. Findings at autopsy of brain tissue from patients with autism have revealed a deficiency in MECP2 expression that appears to account for reduced expression of several relevant genes.

Pediatric Syndromes. In addition to epigenetic alterations, specific mutations affecting components of the epigenetic pathway have been identified that are responsible for several syndromes: DNMT3B in ICF (immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies) syndrome, MECP2 in Rett syndrome, ATRX in ATR-X syndrome (a-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, X-linked), and DNA repeats in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. In Rett syndrome, for example, MECP2 encodes a protein that binds to methylated DNA; mutations in this protein cause abnormal gene expression patterns within the first year of life. Girls with Rett syndrome display reduced brain growth, loss of developmental milestones and profound mental disabilities. Similarly, the ATR-X syndrome also includes severe developmental deficiencies due to loss of ATRX, a protein involved in maintaining the condensed, inactive state of DNA. Together, this constellation of clinical pediatric syndromes is associated with alterations in genes and chromosomal regions necessary for proper neurologic and physical development.

The increased knowledge of epigenetics, combined with rise of technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and next-generation sequencing in recent years, allows us to better understand the interplay between epigenetic change, gene regulation, and human diseases, and will lead to the development of new approaches for molecular diagnosis and targeted treatments across the clinical spectrum.

Ready to learn about the first epigenetic mechanism? Read on: DNA Methylation

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men | myVMC

Posted: July 9, 2018 at 2:42 pm

Introduction to testosterone replacement therapy

Testosterone replacement therapy is a treatment in which additional testosterone is added to a mans body (e.g. by injecting medicines that contain testosterone), to increase the concentration of testosterone in his body. It is used to treat hypogonadism, a condition characterised by low levels of testosterone in the blood and clinical symptoms of testosterone deficiency (e.g. lack of body hair, excessive breast growth). Hypogonadism occurs when a mans testes do not produce enough testosterone, either because the testes are not working properly, or because the hypothalamus or pituitary glandin the brain are not working properly. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands produce hormones that stimulate testosterone production in the testes.

The aim of testosterone replacement therapy is to increase blood testosterone concentrations to normal levels. In doing so, it can also restore the mans sex drive and expression of male sex characteristics (e.g. deep voice, body hair).

Testosterone is one of the oldest marketed drugs and has been used in testosterone replacement therapy since the 1930s.

Testosterone replacement therapy is used to treat men who have received a definitive diagnosis of hypogonadism. In order to be diagnosed with hypogonadism, a man musthave both low blood concentrations of testosterone and clinical symptoms of deficiency (e.g. lack of body hair, breast growth). As most of the causes that underlie testosterone deficiency (e.g. testicular dysfunction) are untreatable, most men who commence testosterone replacement therapy must be treated for the rest of their lives. In men with reversible or age-related causes of testosterone deficiency, testosterone replacement therapy is not used.

Ageing men (> 40 years of age)

As men age, their testosterone levels naturally decrease in a process sometimes called andropause or male menopause. This can lead to clinical symptoms of testosterone deficiency and/or low blood testosterone levels. There is no evidence that testosterone replacement therapy is beneficial for these men.

For older men, treatments that address the conditions causing or worsening testosterone deficiency (e.g.obesity, diabetes, chronic illness) may be effective.

Chronic or transient illness or recent trauma

Testosterone replacement therapy is rarely beneficial where hypogonadism is caused by illness (e.g. diabetes) or trauma (e.g. injury to the testicles). In these cases, the illness or trauma causing testosterone deficiency should be treated.

Prostate or breast cancer

Testosterone replacement therapy is not used to treat men with breast or prostate cancer, because there is a hypothetical risk that treatment may stimulate the growth of these cancers.

Competitive athletes

Use of testosterone replacement therapy may lead to disqualification for professional athletes.

Others

Testosterone replacement therapy is not used to treat men with the following conditions:

Testosterone replacement therapy is not used totreat infertility, erectile dysfunction or non-specific symptoms.

Certain conditions require special consideration before testosterone replacement therapy is used. Tell your doctor if you have:

The goal of testosterone replacement therapy is to restore blood testosterone to normal levels. When used to treat men with hypogonadism, it may also result in other benefits, including:

Improvements in blood testosterone levels and libido generally occur within the first week of treatment, and other benefits usually occur within two months.

It is important to note that testosterone replacement therapy typically induces a strong placebo effect in the initial stages of therapy. This means that many men who are treated with testosterone notice an improvement (e.g. bettersex drive), not because of the testosterone-containing medication has improved their testosterone concentrations, but because of the psychological effect of taking it. In short, some men think testosterone therapy is working and then feel better, even though the treatment does not work. This may lead to confusion and dissatisfaction as the placebo effect of treatment diminishes.

Most adult men begin receiving replacement testosterone at a dose sufficient for restoring blood testosterone to normal levels in men aged < 40 years. In boys who have not yet reached puberty and elderly men, lower doses are usually used at the beginning to avoid excessive increases in libido or energy, which may be dangerous. Once treatment has started, the doctor will monitor the mans blood testosterone levels and symptoms, and may need to adjust the dose depending on how these change.

Testosterone can be administered in various ways, depending on the person. Most men will first receive treatment in the form of testosterone injections every two weeks. Men who cannot receive injections (e.g. those with bleeding disorders) will receive different modes of testosterone treatment. The doctor may also change the type of testosterone administered if the man is dissatisfied with thecurrenttreatment. A doctor will try to prescribe a type of testosterone therapy that suits the patient in terms of cost, response and convenience, and individuals should talk to their doctor if they have concerns about any aspects of treatment.

Injectable testosterone

Injectable testosterone is the standard and most cost-effective treatment option. It can be used in all men except those with bleeding disorders. The injection is an oil-based solution containing testosterone. It is administered by intramuscular injection. Once injected, the solution gradually releases testosterone into the bloodstream.

The standard starting dose is one injection containing 200250 mg of testosterone every 23 weeks. The dose may be reduced to as little as 100 mg in very young or old men. The quantity and frequency of the dose will be adjusted by the doctor, according to the response to treatment. Men who do not achieve adequate increases in blood testosterone may have the dose increased, while those who gain too much blood testosterone may have the dose reduced.

Testosterone injections which are administered every two weeks are known as short-acting injectable testosterones(e.g. Sustanon). While they are effective in increasing blood testosterone levels and often improve symptoms (e.g.libido, mood, energy), testosterone levels and symptoms tend to fluctuate between injections. Men using these injections may experience very high peaks intestosterone levels and a resulting increase in libido and energy in the period immediately following the injection, followed by a period of much lower blood testosterone. Long-acting injections of testosterone (e.g. Reandron), which are administered every 3 months, provide an alternative for men who experience the peaktrough effect.

Long-acting testosterone injections provide testosterone replacement for 1014 weeks.They areadministered by injection deep into the gluteal muscle. The testosterone is released gradually into the bloodstream.

For more information on long-acting testosterone injections, see testosterone undecanoate (Reandron).

Transdermal testosterone patches

Testosterone patches that adhere to the skin may also be suitable for long-term testosterone replacement therapy. However, the patches contain substances that increase the absorption of testosterone, and these cause skin irritation in up to 50% of men who use them. Some 10% of men stop using testosterone patches because of skin irritation. Men may also discontinue use because they find the patches cosmetically displeasing. They may find other transdermal methodsof administrationmore appropriate (e.g. gels, creams).

Most men require a single patch containing 5 mg of testosterone daily. The patch can be applied to the abdomen, upper arm or thigh, and should be left in place for 24 hours after application, when a new patch should be applied.

For more information on testosterone patchess, seetestosterone (Androderm).

Oral testosterone

Oral testosterone therapy (e.g. Andriol Testocaps) uses testosterone undecanoate, the only natural form of testosterone that can be absorbed when taken orally. It may be more expensive and less effective than other modes of testosterone replacement, and is therefore usually used by men who cannot use other forms of testosterone. Oral therapy may also be used to treat older men who are starting therapy, as treatment can be stopped quickly if they are diagnosed with prostate cancer.

The starting dose varies and may be as low as 40 mg daily, although men typically require 160240 mg a day, taken in 24 doses. The doctor will adjust the dose, depending on the response to treatment. Oral testosterone should be taken with food, as this increases the amount of testosterone absorbed by the body.

Testosterone implants

Testsosterone implants contain 800 mg of testosterone (usually in the form of four 200 mg pellets). They are implanted into the buttocks or abdomen, and provide testosterone replacement for around six months. Implants are replaced periodically, once symptoms of testosterone deficiency recur. Inserting the testosterone pellets is a minor surgical procedure, requiring local anaesthetic; this is the major limitation of this method of treatment. However, men using this form of testosterone replacement are usually satisfied with the method, and are more likely to continue being treated than men using other modes of testosterone replacement.

Testosterone implants are not safe for use by older men, who have an increased risk of prostate cancer. If prostate cancer is diagnosed, testosterone replacement must be stopped immediately, which cannot be done if an implant is being used. Implants are also unsuitable for young men with bleeding disorders. Another form of testosterone replacement must be used first, so that a doctor can be sure they will not have any negative reaction to testosterone, before starting this long-term mode of treatment.

For more information on testosterone implants, see testosterone(Testosterone Implants).

Testosterone gel

Testosterone gels (e.g. Testogel)contain 1% testosteronethat is absorbed through the skin. The gel is applied to the skin on the abdomen, shoulder or arm on a daily basis. The standard dose is 5 g (50 mg testosterone), although the dose may be increased to as much as 10 g daily in some men, while others will respond adequately to 2.5 g daily.

Care must be taken to ensure the gel does not come into contact with the skin of individuals other than the man being treated (e.g. sexual partners, children) for at least six hours following application, as this may cause testosterone to be transferred to the contacts skin and absorbed by their body. Absorbing testosterone may be dangerous for children and women, especially pregnant women.

For more information on testosterone gel, see testosterone (Testogel).

Testosterone cream

Andromen forte (testosterone) is a cream containing 5% testosterone. It is ideally applied to the skin of the scrotum on a daily basis. The cream can be applied to the skin of the torso, back, chest, arms and legs, although a higher dose might be required if these sites are used, as less testosterone is absorbed compared to if the cream is applied to the scrotum. The usual starting dose is 1 g of cream (5 mg testosterone), but a doctor may adjust the dose depending on how the man responds to the treatment.

As the causes of testosterone deficiency are typically irreversible, testosterone replacement therapy is usually lifelong. Men who use testosterone replacement therapywill be monitored throughout their treatment to assess their response.

To assess the mans response to treatment, levels of testosterone in his blood are usually measured three months after the start of treatment. Levels of luteinising hormone (LH) may also be measured three to six months after treatment starts, as low levels of LH indicate that the treatment is effective.

If blood tests show that testosterone replacement therapy has failed to adequately increase concentrations of testosterone in the mans blood, hypogonadism may not be the cause of the symptoms. In these cases, testosterone replacement therapy will be stopped and the doctor will start treating other conditions that may contribute to testosterone deficiency.

A doctor will monitor changes to symptoms of testosterone deficiency and side effects of the treatment. This monitoring usually occurs three and six months after treatment commences and annually thereafter. A doctor will typically examine a man for signs of:

Tests that will usually be conducted periodically include:

Testosterone replacement therapy may sometimes be combined with treatment using PDE-5 inhibitors, a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction, for men with both hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction. It should be noted, however, that testosterone deficiency is rarely associated with erectile dysfunction.

Effective testosterone therapy has numerous immediate and long term benefits. These include:

Physical

Sexual

Psychological

The side effects associated with testosterone replacement therapy are rare and vary depending on the age of the man being treated, his life circumstances and health condition. They include:

Testosterone replacement therapy increases the risk of some health conditions, including:

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Del Prado Stem Cell Center – Tijuana

Posted: July 9, 2018 at 2:42 pm

At Del Prado Stem Cell Center we treat :Diabetes,Osteoarthritis,Parkinsons,Alzheimers disease,Dementia,Rheumatoid Arthritis,Chronic Obstructive disorder,Autoimmune Hepatitis,Macular Degeneration,Lupus,Multiple Sclerosis, Age Management,as well as sports injuries like Golfers, Pitchers and Tennis Elbow, Meniscus Tears, Achilles Tendonitis and more.

Del Prado Stem Cell Center is a bank of stem cells throughout Latin America that has formal recognition and certification of OSAC agency from the government of the United States as an institution that unites all requirements for international patients in stem cell therapy, thanks to the level of professionalism and safety handles, being the only institution in Mexico with that recognition by the United States government.

Treatment provided by Del Prado Stem Cell Center is performed atHospital Del Prado, Tijuanasleading health institutionwith 49 years of experience, offering personalized and humane service. We are very thorough inthe selection and performance ofourdoctors and offer nothing but the best treatment and facilities for Stem Cell Therapy treatment in Tijuana, Mexico.Adult Stem Cell Therapies are completely safe and non-invasive. StemCell therapy is evolvingour modern medical panorama were it can offer patients a completely new alternative to cure degenerative and terminal illnesses.

A procedure in which cells are taken from a donor (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) and administered to a patient.

For those patients who are eligible for stem cell disease treatment. Their Stem Cells can be obtained from their own fat tissue for later transplant.

Hospital Del Prado is certified for Stem Cell treatment, certified specialists are on hand which have the training and follow adequate transplant protocol. In any case our specialists are on hand for an evaluation and if your disease has been approved we will immediately enter transplant protocol, which can begin right away in most cases, this is without need for Hospitalization for a prolonged period.

You are eligible as long as you have a preapproved illness or physical condition where stem cells have proved to be a clinical benefit in research

IMPORTANT NOTICEFor Del Prado Stem Cell Center is very important to inform boththe medical community and society in general that stem cell therapyit may be unsuccessful in some cases or not recommended for all patients.Must never create false expectations without clinical and researchstudies to support the implementation of these treatments.So we suggest you talk to your doctor before receiving treatment.

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Del Prado Stem Cell Center - Tijuana

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Transgenic Gene-Targeting Mouse Facility HSC Cores: Home

Posted: July 8, 2018 at 10:45 pm

The Transgenic and Gene Targeting Mouse Core is available to make transgenic mice using pronuclear injection of DNA constructs including BAC DNA into embryos. The Core is available to generate gene-targeted mice using knockout or conditional constructs electroporated into embryonic stem (ES) cells. This is followed by blastocyst injection of targeted ES cells to obtain germline chimeric mice eventually leading to the production of gene-targeted mice. The Transgenic and Gene Targeting Mouse Core offers related procedures including cryopreservation and storage of mouse sperm and mouse embryos, rederivation of mouse lines from frozen embryos, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to rederive frozen sperm, development of primary ES cell lines from targeted mouse lines, and karyotyping of ES clones.

The Core is available for technical advice regarding injection procedures, cell culture techniques, vector design and construction, as well as analysis of ES cell clones and mice. The Core is amenable to new ideas and available to try new methods that researchers are interested in. The Core maintains the necessary mouse colonies for basic procedures, including a large colony of C57Bl6 mice, albino C57Bl6 mice, C57Bl6 x CBA F1 mice. We also maintain a small colony of ROSA-flp mice in the C57Bl6 background, and CMV-cre deleter mice. The Core maintains 129 ES cells, 129/C57Bl6 hybrid ES cells, and C57Bl6 ES cells (N and J) for gene-targeting. Equipment includes two full microinjection stations and dissection microscopes with fluorescence imaging capabilities, Peizo drills, Femtojet injectors, an XYClone laser, pipette pullers, microforges, and a rate controlled embryo freezer.

The Core has successfully provided genetically altered mice to many University of Utah researchers as well as to researchers throughout the world. The Core has rederived mouse lines for researchers using frozen sperm and frozen embryos shipped from around the world.

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