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Areas of Research | ISCRM – University of Washington

Posted: October 8, 2015 at 12:46 am

Why Study Stem Cells? Dedicated to regenerative therapies

Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine are believed by many to be the most promising breakthrough in medicine in decades. Indeed, along with colleagues across the country (including biologists, physicists, chemists, engineers, and clinicians), we believe that society is witnessing the early steps a revolution in science and medicine, driven by an emerging understanding of stem cells. No major university can afford to ignore this revolutionthe University of Washington is poised to meet this challenge, and to embrace this opportunity. We are personally and professionally committed to the Institute becoming a world-class leader in the ethical development of novel cell-based therapies for patients.

Transforming therapies for heart failure, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, cancer, diabetes, retinal disease, hearing loss, and orthopaedic/sports injuries. Our scientists are presently conducting research with adult, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. We are pursuing this research with the goal of developing cures for diseases where there are few treatments at present.

Some of our research areas are listed below:

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Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight – Home

Posted: October 8, 2015 at 12:46 am

Purpose

To ensure adherence to ethical and legal principles of hESC research, the University of Washington has established an Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight (ESCRO) Committee.

To learn quick facts about UW oversight of human embryonic stem cell research and human induced pluripotent stem cell research, view the ESCRO FACT sheet.

Principal Investigators (PIs) with existing hESC research protocols should submit a new ESCRO application no later than 3/31/2009. PIs with any new hESC research must recieve ESCRO review and approval prior to the commencement of the research.

The UW policy on hESC research, GIM-36, describes those research activities that are prohibited, those activities that are exempt from ESCRO review, and those activities permitted but require ESCRO review and approval.

Interested in learning more about stem cells and their uses? The UW houses the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), which consists of a world-class team of over 130 faculty conducting basic research on stem cell and progenitor cells. In addition, several organizations provide educational resources for your benefit.

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HCG diet: Is it safe and effective? – Mayo Clinic

Posted: October 8, 2015 at 12:45 am

No on both counts. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration has advised consumers to steer clear of over-the-counter weight-loss products that contain HCG. HCG is human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced during pregnancy.

As a prescription medication, HCG is used mainly to treat fertility issues. HCG is not approved for over-the-counter use, nor has it been proved to work for weight loss. Companies that sell over-the-counter HCG weight-loss products are breaking the law.

So why has there been so much talk about the HCG diet? Perhaps it's because the diet recommends severe calorie restriction typically just 500 to 800 calories a day. People who follow such a very low calorie diet are likely to lose weight, at least in the short term.

However, diets that so severely limit calories have risks, such as gallstone formation, irregular heartbeat and an imbalance of electrolytes.

Side effects have also been reported with the HCG diet and include fatigue, irritability, restlessness, depression, fluid buildup (edema), and swelling of the breasts in boys and men (gynecomastia). Another serious concern is the risk of blood clots forming and blocking blood vessels (thromboembolism).

If weight loss is your goal, there are safer ways to lose weight. Talk with your doctor or other health care provider about how to make healthy changes that lead to permanent weight loss, such as eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise.

.

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Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine (CDDN)

Posted: October 8, 2015 at 12:42 am

The need for the discovery and development of innovative technologies to improve the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in the body is widely recognized. The next generation therapies must be able to deliver drugs, therapeutic proteins and recombinant DNA to focal areas of disease or to tumors to maximize clinical benefit while limiting untoward side effects. The use of nanoscale technologies to design novel drug delivery systems and devices is a rapidly developing area of biomedical research that promises breakthrough advances in therapeutics and diagnostics.

Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine (CDDN) serves to unify existing diverse technical and scientific expertise in biomedical and material science research at the University of Nebraska thereby creating a world class interdisciplinary drug delivery and nanomedicine program. This is realized by integrating established expertise in drug delivery, gene therapy, neuroscience, pathology, immunology, pharmacology, vaccine therapy, cancer biology, polymer science and nanotechnology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), the University of Nebraska at Lincoln (UNL) and Creighton University.

CDDNs vision is to improve health by enhancing the efficacy and safety of new and existing therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents and genes through the discovery and application of innovative methods of drug delivery and nanotechnology. CDDNs mission is to discover and apply knowledge to design, develop and evaluate novel approaches to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents and genes.

The COBRE Nebraska Center for Nanomedicine is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Science(NIGMS) grant 2P20 GM103480-08.

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Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling : Center for …

Posted: October 7, 2015 at 12:44 pm

Northwestern University provides a strong foundation in core genetic counseling skills and identifies each students strengths in order to ignite the passion and lifelong commitment to learning that is critical to professional development. Graduates not only feel extremely capable in multiple clinical settings and specialties, but also recognize how valuable their training has been in preparing them for expanded genetic counseling careers.

Since the inception of the Northwestern University Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling in 1990, the leaders of the program have strived to look to the future of the genetic counseling profession to help guide the overall administration and curriculum. The field of genetics has evolved rapidly over time, and graduate programs need to be aware of the changes that will continue to shape and influence the profession. Northwestern has continued to successfully evolve to meet these changing needs. There are several strengths that allow Northwestern to maintain this cutting edge:

This unique combination, along with the personalized attention a student receives during their training, creates an exciting learning environment and is one of the major strengths of the Northwestern program. We believe our students deserve a strong science, research and psychosocial curriculum.

In addition, Northwestern is proud to offer one of the only dual degree programs available in Genetic Counseling and Medical Humanities and Bioethics.

The combination of the programs nationally recognized faculty, the diversity of clinical and patient experiences, and the cultural excitement of its location in Chicago makes this program unique, exciting and visionary!

Learn more about the program via the links below.

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Albuquerque-Santa Fe, New Mexico American Diabetes

Posted: October 7, 2015 at 12:43 pm

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New Mexicansare increasingly feeling the effects of diabetes as thousands of people suffer from the disease, and many others may have diabetes and not know it! It is estimated that one out of every three children born after 2000 in the United States will be directly affected by diabetes.

That is why the American Diabetes Association's Albuquerque-Santa Fe office is so committed to educating the public about how to stop diabetes and support those living with the disease.

We are here to help.

Check out the latest updates and event information in our Fall Newsletter.

We welcome your help.

Your involvement as an American Diabetes Association volunteer whether on a local or national level will help us expand our community outreach and impact, inspire healthy living, intensify our advocacy efforts, raise critical dollars to fund our mission, and uphold our reputation as the moving force and trusted leader in the diabetes community.

Find volunteer opportunities in our area through the Volunteer Center.

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Albuquerque-Santa Fe, New Mexico American Diabetes

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Epigenetics and the Human Brain – Learn Genetics

Posted: October 7, 2015 at 1:44 am

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Epigenetics

Epigenetics and the Human Brain

Throughout our lives, the brain remains flexible and responsive. In addition to receiving signals from the outside world, the brain allows us to form memories and learn from our experiences. Many brain functions are accompanied at the cellular level by changes in gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modification and DNA methylation stabilize gene expression, which is important for long-term storage of information.

Not surprisingly, epigenetic changes are also a part of brain diseases such as mental illness and addiction. Understanding the role of epigenetics in brain disease may open the door to being able to influence it. This may lead to the development of new and more effective treatments for brain diseases.

A segment from a June 2008 lecture given by Dr. Moshe Szyf, Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at McGill University.

Dr. Szyf talks about studies that looked at epigenetic tags in the brains of suicide victims. He describes some of the laboratory methods scientists use to study epigenetics, and goes over some of the evidence that shows an association between certain epigenetic patterns, suicide, and child abuse.

Scientists are just starting to study how changes in epigenetic tags affect behavior, and how behavior can change epigenetic tags. Some highlights:

Tsankova, N., Renthal, W., Kumar, A., and Nextler, E.J. (2007). Epigenetic regulation in psychiatric disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8: 355-367 (subscription required).

Sweatt, J.D. (2009). Experience-dependent epigenetic modifications in the central nervous system. Biological Psychiatry, 65: 191-197 (subscription required).

Kumar, A. et al. (2008). Chromatin remodeling is a key mechanism underlying cocaine-induced plasticity in striatum. Neuron 48 (2): 303-314 (subscription required).

Ongoing research sponsored by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

APA format: Genetic Science Learning Center (2014, June 22) Epigenetics and the Human Brain. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved October 07, 2015, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/brain/ MLA format: Genetic Science Learning Center. "Epigenetics and the Human Brain." Learn.Genetics 7 October 2015 <http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/brain/> Chicago format: Genetic Science Learning Center, "Epigenetics and the Human Brain," Learn.Genetics, 22 June 2014, <http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/brain/> (7 October 2015)

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Erectile function restored with stem cells | New Scientist

Posted: October 6, 2015 at 6:51 am

Damage to parts of the penis vital for proper erections has been repaired for the first time with the help of stem cells. In rats, the treatment restored full erections, improved blood flow and accelerated healing.

Ultimately, the researchers hope to treat the 3 to 9 per cent of men who have Peyronies disease, which damages the membrane surrounding the chambers within the penis that swell with blood during arousal. This makes it difficult to achieve a straight erection.

Wayne Hellstrom of Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana, and colleagues, extracted stem cells from fat and placed them onto layers of tissue taken from the lining of pig intestine. This material, called small intestinal submucosa (SIS), is already used to replace damaged membrane in men with Peyronies disease, but Hellstrom wanted to see whether adding stem cells would improve healing.

Two months after therapy, tissue analysis showed less scarring and higher levels of regenerative agents such as fibroblast growth factor which accelerate healing in rats treated with SIS plus stem cells compared with those treated with SIS alone. The stem cells induced factors that enhanced blood supply, tissue restoration and erectile function, says Hellstrom.

Production of enzymes that make a blood vessel relaxant vital for erections was also higher in rats given the stem cells. Hellstrom hopes to be able to offer a similar treatment to men.

The apparent mechanisms of action are consistent with other clinical studies showing that fat-derived stem cells are particularly good at improving blood supply and reducing scarring, says Marc Hedrick of regenerative medicine firm Cytori in San Diego, California.

Read more: Stem cells turn into breast implants

Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113810109

By Andy Coghlan

Magazine issue 2849 published 28 January 2012

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University of Iowa Stem Cell Group

Posted: October 6, 2015 at 6:50 am

Information about Stem Cell Research

A young patient with Dr. Fred Goldman of the University of Iowa Stem Cell Group

The Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant program at the Children's Hospital of Iowa performs stem cell transplants to treat malignant diseases such as leukemia.

Certain congenital disorders caused by a single gene mutation can be treated using stem cell gene therapy. Successful gene therapy has been done for several diseases affecting the immune system, including severe combined immune deficiency.

Researchers at the University of Iowa are investigating the possibility of undertaking this approach for a rare congenital bone marrow failure disorder called Dyskeratosis congenita.

Cardiomyocyte precursors derived from embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent i.e. give rise to all the differentiated cell types in the body. They therefore can form multiple cell lineages and repair damaged tissues under appropriate conditions.

This property provides hope that one day they successfully could be manipulated to produce cells capable of curing currently untreatable diseases, such as diabetes, Parkinsons disease or heart disease.

Epidermal stem cells becoming neuronal cells

Epidermal Stem Cells are multipotent cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the skin. they have been shown to repopulate the epidermis after damage, and to have the potential to regenerate other tissue types. We have shown that the age of the keratinocyte stem cell has little effect on its multipotent capabilites, and thus could be used in translational or clinical cell-based therapies.

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Are Cancer Stem Cells the Key to Discovering a Cure …

Posted: October 6, 2015 at 6:50 am

From the perspective of conventional cancer treatment a diagnosis of multi-drug resistant cancer is equivalent to a death sentence. By the time such a diagnosis occurs, the patient's body has been irreversibly damaged by chemotherapy and radiation, and an even more aggressive cancer has emerged to take the place of the original one.

Tragically, these treatments do not simply fail, but make the cancers more malignant. This fact is effectively concealed by the name multidrug resistant cancer which makes it seem as if the cancer was so exceptionally resistant and malignant that the normally effective drugs used to treat it just couldn't do the job.

But wouldn't it be more accurate to call this multi-drug failed cancer, putting the responsibility back on the medical establishment, as it should be, in recognition of the impotence, or worse, cancer-promoting nature of its treatment choices?

In other words, instead of blaming the treatment failure on the patient's body or a set of virulent gene mutations within their cancer it is time we look more closely at why conventional chemotherapy and radiation-based treatments breed multidrug resistance within the cancer of patients, who ultimately succumb to the effects of the treatment and not the cancer they were originally diagnosed with.

Multidrug resistant cancer is the byproduct of cancer doctors (oncologists) throwing the chemical and radiological kitchen sink at the patient and not only failing to improve their condition, but significantly worsening it. How so? In order to understand how conventional treatment drives the cancer into greater malignancy, we must first understand what cancer is....

Tumors are actually highly organized assemblages of cells, which are surprisingly well-coordinated for cells that are supposedto be the result of strictly random mutation. They are capable of building their own blood supply (angiogenesis), are able to defend themselves by silencing cancer-suppression genes, secreting corrosive enzymes to move freely throughout the body, alter their metabolism to live in low oxygen and acidic environments, and know how to remove their own surface-receptor proteins to escape detection by white blood cells. In a previous article titled "Is Cancer An Ancient Survival Program Unmasked?" we delved deeper into this emerging view of cancer as an evolutionary throw-back and not a byproduct of strictly random mutation.

Because tumors are not simply the result of one or more mutated cells "going rogue" and producing exact clones of itself (multi-mutational and clonal hypotheses), but are a diverse group of cells having radically different phenotypal characteristics, chemotherapy and radiation will affect each cell type differently.

Tumors are composed of a wide range of cells, many of which are entirely benign.

The most deadly cell type within a tumor or blood cancer, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), has the ability to give rise to all the cell types found within that cancer.

They are capable of dividing by mitosis to form either two stem cells (increasing the size of the stem population), or one daughter cell that goes on to differentiate into a variety of cell types, and one daughter cell that retains stem-cell properties.

This means CSCs are tumorigenic (tumor-forming) and should be the primary target of cancer treatment because they are capable of both initiating and sustaining cancer. They are also increasingly recognized to be the cause of relapse and metastasis following conventional treatment.

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of GreenMedInfo or its staff.

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