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Posted: October 31, 2014 at 7:59 pm

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UF researchers see progress in treating leukemia

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 7:56 pm

Dr. Christopher R. Cogle has discovered that some types of leukemia can integrate into the lining of blood vessels, causing relapse in patients.

University of Florida researchers say they've made promising progress in tests and trials to improve leukemia treatment but expect it will be several more years before their work possibly brings a new drug to market.

Their goal is to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce relapse and recurrence in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, a particularly deadly form of the blood cancer.

The five-year survival rate for people diagnosed with AML is about 24 percent, according to the American Cancer Society.

In 2011, Dr. Christopher R. Cogle, an associate professor at the College of Medicine and scholar in clinical research for the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, started clinical trials using an experimental drug on patients with AML.

Developed by drug manufacturer OxiGENE, the experimental drug, currently known as OXi4503, is intended to separate leukemia cells from the blood vessel walls, where researchers believe they embed and hide among the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels.

Cogle said there is a high level of relapse among leukemia patients and that led researchers to the belief that the cells were somehow "hiding out" and being missed by chemotherapy treatment.

"It dislodges the leukemia cells out of their nests," Cogle said of OXi4503. "We have data that shows once these cells get shaken out of their nests, they activate, they wake up. Then, they are more susceptible to traditional chemotherapy."

Right now, the drug is in its early stage of clinical trials. Cogle said it would likely take up to 10 years of additional trials and review before the drug might receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval to go to market.

A recently released UF study also had promising findings for the basic premise of the drug, researchers said. Conducted by Cogle and Ed Scott, the director of the UF Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, the study injected human leukemia cells into white mice and then treated the mice with chemotherapy. The researchers then looked at why some leukemia cells survived and found that some were attaching to the blood vessel walls.

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Human Longevity, Inc. Hires Industry Experts Barry Merriman, Ph.D., and Paul Mola, M.S. to Lead New Global Solutions …

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 7:50 pm

LA JOLLA, California, Oct. 31, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Human Longevity, Inc. (HLI), a biological data-driven human health technology and cell therapy company, today announced the addition of Barry Merriman, Ph.D., as Vice President of Global Technology Assessmentand Paul Mola, M.S. as Head of Global Solutions. The two will work together in HLI's new Global Solutions Initiative to seek strategic business opportunities worldwide.

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HLI's Global Solutions Initiative is aimed at business partnerships with a variety of customers including foreign governments, large national healthcare systems, and global disease or health-focused charities interested in undertaking population-scale genomic and personalized medicine initiatives. Dr. Merriman and Mr. Mola will engage with these entities to offer enterprise solutions, and services and business opportunities customized to empower and accelerate these projects. This includes access to HLI's comprehensive human biological database, coupled with the company's proprietary computational infrastructure and analytical software solutions.

"We are pleased to welcome Barry and Paul to the HLI team as they bring unique and varied scientific, technological and business expertise," said J. Craig Venter, PhD, HLI's Co-founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer. "Their knowledge of the global genomics market, coupled with their strong scientific and technology backgrounds and ability to translate this experience into successful global partnerships will be invaluable to HLI."

Dr. Merriman commented, "My goal has always been to use science and technology to advance human health and longevity. HLI is unique in pursuing a complete and integrated approach to this, with the focus, resources and scale required for success, and with an endpoint of truly revolutionizing health care. I am very excited to work with leaders globally on ways for HLI to empower their efforts to improve health and solve disease in their populations."

Mr. Mola added, "HLI's focused investment to create an unmatched, end-to-end infrastructure for population scale projects will enable the most advanced clinical capabilities for solving some of the common diseases of aging. I am pleased to be joining HLI and am eager to help the company realize its mission of comprehensive integration of genomic advances, cellular therapeutics, and health information technology, to create an unprecedented knowledge base of patient biological data to effect health care change on a global scale."

Dr. Merriman comes to HLI most recently from Life Technologies (now a Division of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), where he was the Lead System Architect for Advanced DNA Sequencing Technology, and co-founder and CSO of the Enterprise Genomics Solutions group. In these roles he established and guided the company's overall strategy and portfolio in sequencing technology, and architected national scale genomics projects. Prior to this, Dr. Merriman was on the faculty of UCLA for 20 years, where he led interdisciplinary research efforts in human genetics, genomic technology, as well as math, physics and engineering. Dr. Merriman has a Ph.D. in Applied Math from The University of Chicago.

Paul Mola, M.S., MSEL, also comes to HLI from Life Technologies, where he was Head of Strategy and Chief of Staff for their Genetic Systems Division. There, he founded their Enterprise Genomics Solutions Group, which established the business model for supporting national scale translational genomics projects, including their first global flagship initiative, the Saudi Human Genome Project in Saudi Arabia. Mola previously served in product development and commercial capacities at Applied Biosystems and Roche Diagnostics. Mola earned an M.S. in Biotechnology from Cochin University of Science and Technology and a MSEL from the University of San Diego, School of Business.

About Human Longevity, Inc.HLI, a privately held company headquartered in San Diego, CA was founded in 2013 by pioneers in the fields of genomics and stem cell therapy. Using advances in genomic sequencing, the human microbiome, proteomics, informatics, computing, and cell therapy technologies, HLI is building the world's most comprehensive database of human genotypes and phenotypes as a basis for a variety of commercialization opportunities to help solve aging related disease and human biological decline. HLI will be licensing access to its database, and developing new diagnostics and therapeutics as part of their product offerings. For more information please visit, http://www.humanlongevity.com

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UCLA Gene Discovery Shows How Stem Cells Can Be Activated to Help Immune System Respond to Infection

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 7:49 pm

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Newswise In a study led by Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research member Dr. Julian Martinez-Agosto, UCLA scientists have shown that two genes not previously known to be involved with the immune system play a crucial role in how progenitor stem cells are activated to fight infection. This discovery lays the groundwork for a better understanding of the role progenitor cells can play in immune system response and could lead to the development of more effective therapies for a wide range of diseases.

The two-year study was published online October 30, 2014 ahead of print in the journal Current Biology.

Progenitor cells are the link between stem cells and fully differentiated cells of the blood system, tissues and organs. This maturation process, known as differentiation, is determined in part by the original environment that the progenitor cell came from, called the niche. Many of these progenitors are maintained in a quiescent state or "standby mode" and are ready to differentiate in response to immune challenges (such as stress, infection or disease).

Dr. Gabriel Ferguson, a postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Dr. Martinez-Agosto and first author of the study, built upon the lab's previous research that utilized the blood system of the fruit fly species Drosophila, showing that a specific set of signals must be received by progenitor cells to activate their differentiation into cells that can work to fight infection after injury. Dr. Ferguson focused on two genes previously identified in stem cells but not in the blood system, named Yorkie and Scalloped, and discovered that they are required in a newly characterized cell type called a lineage specifying cell. These cells then essentially work as a switch, sending the required signal to progenitor cells.

The researchers further discovered that when the progenitor cells did not receive the required signal, the fly would not make the mature cells required to fight infection. This indicates that the ability of the blood system to fight outside infection and other pathogens is directly related to the signals sent by this new cell type.

"The beauty of this study is that we now have a system in which we can investigate how a signaling cell uses these two genes Yorkie and Scalloped, which have never before been shown in blood, to direct specific cells to be made," said Dr. Martinez-Agosto, associate professor of human genetics. "It can help us to eventually answer the question of how our body knows how to make specific cell types that can fight infection."

Drs. Martinez-Agosto and Ferguson and colleagues next hope that future studies will examine these genes beyond Drosophila and extend to mammalian models, and that the system will be used by the research community to study the role of the genes Yorkie and Scalloped in different niche environments.

"At a biochemical level, there is a lot of commonality between the molecular machinery in Drosophila and that in mice and humans," said Dr. Ferguson. "This study can further our shared understanding of how the microenvironment can regulate the differentiation and fate of a progenitor or stem cell."

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UCLA Gene Discovery Shows How Stem Cells Can Be Activated to Help Immune System Respond to Infection

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UCSD Gets $8 Million For Stem Cell Research – Video

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 7:46 pm

UCSD Gets $8 Million For Stem Cell Research
UC San Diego has been named an "alpha clinic" for the clinical study of stem cells, and the distinction comes with $8 million in research grants.

By: KPBSSanDiego

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UTA researcher uses microscaffolding injections to mend cartilage, prevent osteoarthritis

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 6:07 am

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

30-Oct-2014

Contact: Herb Booth hbooth@uta.edu 817-272-7075 University of Texas at Arlington @utarlington

A UT Arlington bioengineering professor has received a $1.04 million grant from the U.S. Army that aims to regenerate cartilage tissue and reduce osteoarthritis using a patient's own stem cells, spurred through the injection of microscaffolding made of biodegradable polymers.

Liping Tang, a bioengineering professor and interim chair of the bioengineering department, said the research is primarily focused on helping soldiers who are severely injured on the battlefield.

"We've found that if we inject microscaffolding that we've developed into the injured area, it can trigger the stem cell generation needed for proper healing," Tang said.

Posttraumatic osteoarthritis develops as a result of improper healing of joints, which turn arthritic. It often occurs in soldiers with broken bones from blasts, shrapnel and gunshot wounds.

Joints and cartilage are surrounded by stem cells that need instruction in where to go and what to do, Tang said.

"The microscaffolding recruits a patient's stem cells that are needed in the healing process," Tang said. "Biomolecules will be released from the scaffolds to transform stem cells into cartilage cells to form new cartilage tissue while reducing the symptoms associated with arthritis."

Tang said this new treatment is aimed at not only reducing posttraumatic osteoarthritis symptoms but also curing it by regenerating new cartilage tissue using patients' own stem cells.

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UTA researcher uses microscaffolding injections to mend cartilage, prevent osteoarthritis

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Tiny Stomachs Grown in the Lab

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 6:06 am

The artificial human guts could be used to study diseases and test drug treatments

Part of a miniature stomach grown in the lab, stained to reveal various cells found in normal human stomachs. Credit:Kyle McCracken

Scientists have successfully grown miniature stomachs in the lab from human stem cells, guiding them through the stages of development seen in an embryo. The lumps of living tissue, which are no bigger than a sesame seed, have a gland structure that is similar to human stomachs and can even harbour gut bacteria.

The feat, reported in this week'sNature, offers a window to how cells in human embryos morph into organs. Scientists say that these 'gastric organoids' could also be used to understand diseases such as cancer, and to test the stomach's response to drugs.

This is extremely exciting, says Calvin Kuo, a stem-cell biologist at Stanford University in California. To be able to recapitulate that in a dish is quite a technical achievement.

The stem cells used to grow the mini stomachs are pluripotent, or plastic: given the right environment, they can mature into any type of cell. But to coax them down a specific path in the lab requires recreating the precise sequence and timing of environmental cues in the womb the signals from proteins and hormones that tell cells what kind of tissue to become. Bits of kidney, liver, brain and intestine have previously been grown in a lab dish using this technique.

Stomach switch The key to turning pluripotent stem cells into stomach cells was a pathway of interactions that acts as a switch between growing tissues in the intestine and in the antrum, a part of the stomach near its outlet to the small intestine.

When the stem cells were around three days old, researchers added a cocktail of proteins including Noggin, which suppresses that pathway, and timed doses of retinoic acid, a compound in vitamin A. After nine days, the cells were left to grow in a protein bath.

At 34 days, the resulting organoids were only a few millimetres in diameter and had no blood cells, immune cells, nor the ability to process food or secrete bile. But their gland structures and each marker of their development paralleled development in their control tissues, which the team obtained from mice. In that sense, they are remarkably similar to an actual stomach, says study leader James Wells, a developmental biologist at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center in Ohio.

That similarity allowed the researchers to use the tiny stomachs as test subjects for human disease by injecting them withHelicobacter pylori, a bacterium that targets the antrum and can cause ulcers and stomach cancer. Within 24 hours, the team found thatH.pyloriwas causing the organoid cells to divide twice as fast as normal, and activating a particular gene, c-Met, that can cause tumours. These effects are also seen in human stomachs infected withH. pylori.

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Tiny Stomachs Grown in the Lab

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Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell …

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 6:05 am

The Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology (DRSB) takes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex fully patterned adult organism, as well as the intimately related question of how adult structures regenerate. Stem cells play critical roles both during embryonic development and in later renewal and repair. More than 35 faculty from both basic science and clinical departments in the Division of Biological Sciences belong to DRSB. Their research uses traditional model species including nematode worms, fruit-flies, Arabidopsis, zebrafish, amphibians, chick and mouse as well as non-traditional model systems such as lampreys and cephalopods. Areas of research focus include stem cell biology, regeneration, developmental genetics, cellular basis of development, developmental neurobiology, and evo-devo.

Student invited seminar speakers for 2013 2014

10/15/13 Jonathan Henry, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign The Eyes Have it: Cornea Stem Cells and Lens Regeneration

11/19/13 Bob Goldstein, University of North, Carolina at Chapel Hill Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

1/21/14 Adam Martin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Shaping tissues with contractile ratchet

2/18/14 Rebecca Burdine, Princeton University Telling Left from Right - from cilia to organ morphogenesis

3/18/14 Utpal Banjeree, University of California, Los Angeles Title TBA

4/15/14 Jose Luis Gmez-Skarmeta, Centro Andaluz de Biologa del Desarrollo Deep conserved 3D architecture of developmental tool

5/20/14 Jin Jiang, University of Texas, Southwestern Hippo signaling in organ size control and regeneration

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Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell ...

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Stem Cell Therapy, Stem Cell Biology at Mass General Hospital

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 6:03 am

Stem cell technology is moving at a rapid pace at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute. The Cardiovascular Research Center's Stem Cell Biology + Therapy Program is now developing master cardiovascular stem cells that have genetic mutations that lead to important forms of heart disease. By utilizing these stem cells as model systems, it should be possible to identify the molecular pathways that drive heart disease, and to develop specific, targeted therapy for rare and common forms of heart disease, by directly screening for both genes and drugs that can block the onset of the disease at a cellular level. At the same time, the group is studying the potential of master cardiovascular stem cells for regeneration of heart muscle and other important heart tissues, including the formation of coronary arterial blood vessels. New programs in fat and skeletal muscle stem cells have recently been added, in close collaboration with the Harvard Stem Cell Institute.

Principal Investigators: Caroline Burns, PhD Chad Cowan, PhD Ibrahim Domian, MD, PhD

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Stem Cell Therapy, Stem Cell Biology at Mass General Hospital

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Myocardial infarction and stem cells – National Center for …

Posted: October 31, 2014 at 6:02 am

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011 Apr-Jun; 3(2): 182188.

1Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur - 522 510, India

2Department of Medicine, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Enathur, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India

3Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services, National Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation, Clayton City of Knowledge, 0843-01103, Republic of Panam

Received December 23, 2010; Revised February 24, 2011; Accepted March 10, 2011.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Permanent loss of cardiomyocytes and scar tissue formation after myocardial infarction (MI) results in an irreversible damage to the cardiac function. Cardiac repair (replacement, restoration, and regeneration) is, therefore, essential to restore function of the heart following MI. Existing therapies lower early mortality rates, prevent additional damage to the heart muscle, and reduce the risk of further heart attacks. However, there is need for treatment to improve the infarcted area by replacing the damaged cells after MI. Thus, the cardiac tissue regeneration with the application of stem cells may be an effective therapeutic option. Recently, interest is more inclined toward myocardial regeneration with the application of stem cells. However, the potential benefits and the ability to improve cardiac function with the stem cell-based therapy need to be further addressed. In this review, we focus on the clinical applications of stem cells in the cardiac repair.

Keywords: Cardiomyocytes, myocardial infarction, stem cells, stem cell transplantation

Myocardial infarction (heart attack; abbreviated as "MI") remains a major clinical problem and the leading causes of mortality in the world. In the United States alone, approximately 1 million people suffer MI each year. In the UK, the annual incidence of MI (using 2006 CHD mortality data) was estimated to be about 146 000 of all aged individuals (men: ~87 000 and women: ~59 000), and the estimated prevalence in those aged >35 years is more than 1.4 million (men: ~970 000 and women: ~439 000).[1] MI can be defined by pathology as myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia.[2] The most common cause of MI is coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion, resulting in the exposure of thrombogenic contents to the blood. This leads to thrombus formation and consequently MI. Several risk factors are associated with MI as listed below.

The risk factors include

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Myocardial infarction and stem cells - National Center for ...

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Page 1,950«..10 20..1,9491,9501,951 1,952..1,960 1,970..»

CSHL Stem Cells Symposium Chats – Meetings & Courses Home

UF researchers see progress in treating leukemia

Human Longevity, Inc. Hires Industry Experts Barry Merriman, Ph.D., and Paul Mola, M.S. to Lead New Global Solutions …

UCLA Gene Discovery Shows How Stem Cells Can Be Activated to Help Immune System Respond to Infection

UCSD Gets $8 Million For Stem Cell Research – Video

UTA researcher uses microscaffolding injections to mend cartilage, prevent osteoarthritis

Tiny Stomachs Grown in the Lab

Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell …

Stem Cell Therapy, Stem Cell Biology at Mass General Hospital

Myocardial infarction and stem cells – National Center for …

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