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Systematic review

Posted: June 17, 2014 at 4:54 am

Background

Relapsed multiple myeloma has no standard treatment, and the role of autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has not been fully defined. We aimed to compare high-dose melphalan plus salvage ASCT with cyclophosphamide in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma who had previously undergone ASCT.

Between April 16, 2008, and Nov 19, 2012, 297 patients were registered, of whom 293 received PAD re-induction therapy. Between Aug 26, 2008, and Nov 16, 2012, 174 patients with sufficient PBSCs were randomised to salvage ASCT (n=89) or cyclophosphamide (n=85). After a median follow-up of 31 months (IQR 1942), median time to progression was significantly longer in the salvage ASCT than in the cyclophosphamide group (19 months [95% CI 1625] vs 11 months [912]; hazard ratio 036 [95% CI 025053]; p<00001). Frequently reported (in >10% of patients) grade 34 adverse events with PAD induction, salvage ASCT, and cyclophosphamide were: neutropenia (125 [43%] of 293 patients after PAD, and 63 [76%] of 83 patients in the salvage ASCT group vs 11 [13%] of 84 patients in the cyclophosphamide group), thrombocytopenia (150 [51%] after PAD, and 60 [72%] vs four [5%], respectively), and peripheral neuropathy (35 [12%] after PAD, and none vs none, respectively).

This study provides evidence for the improved efficacy of high-dose melphalan plus salvage ASCT when compared with cyclophosphamide in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma eligible for intensive therapy, which might help to guide clinical decisions regarding the management of such patients.

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Obtaining stem cells for treatment can now be natural, without medical or dental intervention

Posted: June 16, 2014 at 3:59 pm

(PRWEB UK) 14 June 2014

There is a non-invasive way of obtaining stem cells that has the potential for lifetime storage, by utilising a child's milk tooth after it has fallen out naturally. Although some companies advocate that the extraction of a wobbly tooth is best, specialist tooth cell bank BioEden says that providing you have a quality process, extraction is not a requirement. The tooth can be left to fall out naturally, meaning no distress for the child who may be a little worried about a trip to the dentist.

It is a fact that a blood supply must be actively working to preserve the stem cells. However, as this occurs naturally all the way to exfoliation, the intervention of dentists is not a requirement.

Teeth can be put into two categories: deciduous or permanent. Deciduous (milk) teeth are the ones that will fall out naturally over time, whereas permanent teeth are obviously the ones that won't. It is well documented that naturally shed milk teeth provide more and faster dividing cells that extracted milk teeth, something that BioEden have also found in their own laboratories. With naturally shed teeth the stem cells are being actively recruited to the place of remodelling and direct the remodelling process.

Some companies utilise a method of transporting a tooth to the lab in a transport solution which after a limited period of time would destroy the tooth cells. Therefore having a tooth extracted by a dentist would be the only way of getting the tooth delivered in time to avoid this problem. This method has been heavily criticised by parents and the media.

BioEden uses a superior method of transportation that means for up to 5 days the quality or quantity of the cells will not be affected. Although overnight delivery is recommended to minimise any delivery related delays, this process allows extra flexibility to accommodate the busy lifestyles of today's parents and avoids any moral concerns of removing a healthy tooth for money.

Source: J Endod 2011 http:/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689554 and http:/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674471

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Human stem cells implanted in pigs

Posted: June 16, 2014 at 3:59 pm

Scientists have successfully managed to transfer human stem cells into pigs that have been especially genetically modified for the purpose.

The cells thrived following the transplant and researchers believe they are now one step closer to finding treatments for a number of human disease.

The rejection of transplanted cells by the host body is one of the major hurdles in stem cell research.

By managing to ensure pigs will accept human cells is a huge leap forward in stem cell therapy research, and could lead to treatments for patients with severe immune deficiency.

The past research into regenerative medicine has relied on rodent testing, but significant differences in the immune system of mice and people has put limits on the application of the findings.

One of the study's authors, Randall Prather, says: "Many medical researchers prefer conducting studies with pigs because they are more anatomically similar to humans than other animals such as mice or rodents. Physically, pigs are much close to the size and scale of humans than other animals, and they respond to health threats similarly.

"This means that research in pigs is more likely to have results similar to those in humans for many different tests and treatments."

WENN.com

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Human stem cells implanted in pigs

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Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine at the University of Washington – Video

Posted: June 16, 2014 at 3:58 pm


Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine at the University of Washington
Meet the folks behind the impressive discoveries and science occurring at UW Medicine #39;s South Lake Union Research complex. http://depts.washington.edu/iscrm/ http://www.uwmedicine.org http://depts.washing...

By: UWMedicineHealth

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Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine at the University of Washington - Video

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Scientists find trigger to decode the genome

Posted: June 16, 2014 at 3:49 pm

Scientists from The University of Manchester have identified an important trigger that dictates how cells change their identity and gain specialized functions.

And the research, published in Cell Reports, has brought them a step closer to being able to decode the genome.

The scientists have found out how embryonic stem cell fate is controlled which will lead to future research into how cells can be artificially manipulated.

Lead author Andrew Sharrocks, Professor in Molecular Biology at The University of Manchester, said: "Understanding how to manipulate cells is crucial in the field of regenerative medicine which aims to repair or replace damaged or diseased human cells or tissues to restore normal function."

During the research the team focused on the part of the cellular genome that gives a gene its expression known as the 'enhancer'. This controls the conversion of DNA from genes into useful information that provides the building blocks that determine the structure and function of our cells.

Different enhancers are active in different cell types, allowing the production of distinct gene products and hence a range of alternative cell types. In the current study, the team have determined how these enhancers become active.

Professor Sharrocks said: "All of us develop into complex human beings containing millions of cells from a single cell created by fertilization of an egg. To transit from this single cell state, cells must divide and eventually change their identity and gain specialised functions. For example we need specific types of cells to populate our brains, and our recent work has uncovered the early steps in the creation of these types of cells.

"One of the most exciting areas of regenerative medicine is the newly acquired ability to be able to manipulate cell fate and derive new cells to replace those which might be damaged or lost, either through old age or injury. To do this, we need to use molecular techniques to manipulate stem cells which have the potential to turn into any cell in our bodies."

But one of the current drawbacks in the field of regenerative medicine is that the approaches are relatively inefficient, partly because scientists do not fully understand the basic principles which control cell fate determination.

"We believe that our research will help to make regenerative medicine more effective and reliable because we'll be able to gain control and manipulate cells -- thus our understanding of the regulatory events within a cell shed light on how to decode the genome," concluded Professor Sharrocks.

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Saved by his cat, heart attack survivor is first Toronto patient in a groundbreaking cell therapy trial

Posted: June 16, 2014 at 12:53 pm

Nurses called him a celebrity, but Robert Clark said, Nah. He wasnt interested in fame or anticipating fortune, but he gladly took the free cab ride home from the hospital.

After a severe heart attack five weeks ago, the 67-year-old has become the first Toronto patient to enter a groundbreaking cell therapy trial led by researchers at St. Michaels Hospital and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.

In a world first, the Canadian study uses genetically enhanced stem cells to repair damaged muscle in heart attack survivors. The souped-up cells are the patients own, made young and healthy again fountain-of-youth style in a laboratory. Cell therapy researchers across the globe are monitoring the study, cautiously optimistic that it could lead to a breakthrough the field has long been waiting for.

We all have, circulating in our blood, stem cells that have the potential to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. In people with risk factors for heart disease or in patients who have suffered a heart attack, these cells dont have the same healing capacity, says Dr. Michael Kutryk, a cardiologist at St. Michaels and principal investigator on the study.

The strategy we are using is to restore the bodys own mechanisms to help fix the heart.

The trials first Toronto patient was having a little rest on his couch on April 28 when he started to feel funny.

OK, so I was petting my cat, Clark recalls, and all of a sudden she went meow, meow, meow, and jumped right on my chest, right?

As he tells the story in his 5th-floor Upper Beach apartment, Clark gets down on his hands and knees and yanks Geisha the cat out from under a small cot. Shes a beautiful tabby with saucer eyes as bright and clear a shade of green as her owners are blue.

Clark is not saying the cat gave him a heart attack. Quite the opposite, actually.

She was warning me that something was wrong, he says solemnly, cradling Geisha in his skinny, tattoo-covered arms. (These are older than you are, he says of the faded green ink blots, and its true.)

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Fetal-cell revival for Parkinsons

Posted: June 15, 2014 at 10:55 am

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Defective brain neurons are responsible for the mobility problems seen in people with Parkinsons disease.

A neurosurgery team will next month transplant cells from aborted human fetuses into the brain of a person with Parkinsons disease. The operation breaks a decade-long international moratorium on the controversial therapy that was imposed after many patients failed to benefit and no one could work out why.

But the trial comes just as other sources of replacement cells derived from human stem cells are rapidly approaching the clinic. And this time, scientists want to make sure that things go better. So the teams involved in all the planned trials have formed a working group to standardize their research and clinical protocols in the hope that their results will be more easily interpretable.

People with Parkinsons disease suffer from a degeneration of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is crucial for normal movement. This often leaves patients with severe mobility problems. Standard treatment includes the drug l-dopa, which replaces dopamine in the brain but can cause side effects. The cellular therapies aim to replace the missing neurons with dopamine-producing (dopaminergic) cells from fetal brains or with those derived from human stem cells.

The moratorium on replacement-therapy trials was introduced in 2003 because the early fetal-cell studies had produced varying results that were impossible to interpret.

We want to avoid a repeat of this situation, says neurologist Roger Barker at the University of Cambridge, UK, who helped to organize the working groups inaugural meeting in London last month. The group, known as the Parkinsons Disease Global Force, includes scientists from the European, US and Japanese teams about to embark on the trials. At the meeting, they pledged to share their knowledge and experiences.

The first human transplantation of fetal brain cells took place in 1987 at Lund University in Sweden, where the technique was pioneered. Surgical teams took immature fetal cells destined to become dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain of aborted fetuses and transplanted them into the striatum of patients brains, the area of greatest dopamine loss in Parkinsons disease.

More than 100 patients worldwide received the therapy as part of clinical trials before the moratorium. But centres used different procedures and protocols it was impossible to work out why some patients did very well and others didnt benefit at all, says Barker.

In 2006, Barker, together with neuroscientist Anders Bjrklund at Lund University, set up a network to bring together the original seven teams that had performed the transplants, to assess all protocol details and patient data retrospectively.

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Johns Hopkins Team Builds Light-Sensitive Retina Using Human Stem Cells

Posted: June 15, 2014 at 10:55 am

By Estel Grace Masangkay

A team of researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine reports that they have built a 3D complement of human retinal tissue in a lab dish, which contains functional photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to light.

The cells sensitivity to light precedes conversion of the stimulus into visual images. We have basically created a miniature human retina in a dish that not only has the architectural organization of the retina but also has the ability to sense light [The work] advances opportunities for vision-saving research and may ultimately lead to technologies that restore vision in people with retinal diseases, says study leader M. Valeria Canto-Soler, an assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

The team experimented with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), which could eventually lead the way to genetically engineered cells transplants capable of halting or even reversing progressive blindness. The researchers grew the iPS into retinal progenitor cells that make up the light-sensitive retinal tissue found lining the back of the eye.

According to Xiufeng Zhong, postdoctoral researcher in Canto-Solers lab, the growth corresponded to the timing and duration of a fetus retinal development in the womb. The photoreceptor cells also matured enough to develop outer segments, structures critical to the cells function. We knew that a 3-D cellular structure was necessary if we wanted to reproduce functional characteristics of the retina, but when we began this work, we didnt think stem cells would be able to build up a retina almost on their own. In our system, somehow the cells knew what to do, said Professor Canto-Soler.

The researchers tested the dish-grown mini retinas by placing an electrode in a single photoreceptor cell and then giving a pulse of light to the cell, which showed a biochemical pattern reaction similar to photoreceptor behavior in people exposed to light.

The system used by the team allows for the generation of hundreds of mini-retinas at the same time, directly from a patient affected by certain retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. This offers a novel biological system to directly study retinal disease causes in human tissue instead of depending on animal models. More significantly, the system opens possibilities for personalized treatment for patients.

The teams work was published online in the journal Nature Communications.

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Jordans stem-cell law can guide the Middle East

Posted: June 15, 2014 at 10:50 am

In January, Jordan passed a law to control research and therapy using human stem cells derived from embryos the first such regulation in the Arab and Islamic region. I was part of the group headed by Abdalla Awidi Abbadi, director of the Cell Therapy Center at the University of Jordan in Amman, that initiated the call for the law and later drafted it. Stem-cell research is a hot topic for Jordan because of the kingdoms status as a health-care hub that draws patients from abroad. It is already one of few countries in the Middle East with regulations for protecting people who participate in clinical trials. This latest law should serve as an example to other countries in the region.

The new rules ban private companies from using human embryonic stem (ES) cells in research or therapies. Such work will be allowed only in government organizations or publicly funded academic institutions in Jordan, which have higher levels of transparency than private firms and are supervised by the health ministry and a specialized committee. The law also bans payment for donations of stem cells and eggs, and says that modified and manipulated cells are not to be used for human reproduction. There is no current research on human ES cells in Jordan; this is a pre-emptive step.

Much of the controversy and disagreement over work on stem cells worldwide arises from the different views of the major religions on the earliest stages of life. Although the use of human ES cells is opposed by the Roman Catholic Church and some Protestant denominations, it is generally supported by the Jewish community and accepted in many Muslim countries. There is no consensus on when human embryonic life begins, but the majority of Muslim scholars consider it to start 40120 days after conception and therefore hold the view that a fertilized egg up to 5days old has no soul it is not human life but biological life. So for many, there is no ethical problem in the Islamic faith with using an early embryo to produce stem cells.

All our discussions in Jordan have concluded that stem-cell research is permissible in Islam.

Such conclusions are not easy to reach. Many Muslim countries consider legislation and bioethics principles to be based on three pillars of Islamic law. The first is the Quran. The second is Sunnah, or the legislative decisions of the Prophet Muhammad. The third is ijmaa the consensus of Muslim scholars and ijtihad, the concept that every adequately qualified scholar has the right to independently solve problems. On the basis of these pillars, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia have drawn up guidelines on stem-cell research, but they are not legally binding.

Jordans stem-cell law is the product of years of discussions by committees comprising scientists, physicians, Arabic-language experts, lawyers and Muslim and Christian theologians. The issues that arose confusion between stem cells and embryonic stem cells, for instance were discussed and resolved. We consulted with both the National Committee for Science and Technology Ethics and the education ministry. The final law was approved by the council of Muslim scholars, the Majlis Al-Iftaa.

The council agreed with a 2003 decision (fatwa) by Muslim scholars that allows the use of human ES cells from permissible sources including legally produced excess fertilized eggs from invitro fertilization. The decision to ban private companies from using these cells was driven by concerns that the work would encourage termination of pregnancies, which is illegal in Jordan unless the mothers life or health is at risk. The council was clear that the new law must forbid human reproductive cloning and should not allow embryos to be created from the sperm and eggs of unmarried couples.

The distinction drawn between the various sources of stem cells earlier in the discussion process allowed the Majlis Al-Iftaa to take a more permissive approach to techniques using stem cells that are not derived from human embryos. For example, somatic-cell nuclear transfer (in which a patients DNA is transplanted into an unfertilized human egg that has no nucleus) and induced pluripotent stem cells, which are made from adult cells, can be worked on by the private sector under the new rules.

The therapeutic use of bone-marrow transplantation including transplants of blood-forming stem cells is well established in Jordan. Such procedures are already regulated by existing laws on medical practice, so the new law makes a clear distinction between these techniques and human ES-cell therapy.

The legislation not only covers all current aspects of stem-cell research and use, but also leaves room for later modification. It mandates the creation of a national committee that, among other things, will take responsibility for laying out specific regulations for stem-cell banking in accordance with international standards.

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New Stem Cell Based Treatment for COPD; Nebulized Pure PRP System Uses Blood Growth Factors That Can Trigger Healing …

Posted: June 15, 2014 at 10:48 am

Sarasota, FL (PRWEB) June 12, 2014

Nebulized Pure PRP may offer COPD sufferers a less expensive and an effective alternative to stem cell therapy. When normal injury occurs, platelets are stimulated to release growth factors, cytokines and other immune system components in what is called the inflammatory phase of healing. In the lungs, platelets can adhere to injured or inflamed endothelial cells where they start the healing process. It is believed that by increasing the number of platelets in the lungs through this method, it is possible to decrease inflammation and accelerate the healing process in the lungs. Platelets are vehicles for the delivery of growth factors (PDGF, TGF-, IGF, EGF, VEGF) that induce proliferation of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and endothelial cells, promoting and accelerating healing of hard and soft tissues.

Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma also contains fibrin, fibronectin and vitronectin that act as cell adhesion molecules for lung epithelial migration. Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma treatment has been evaluated in various medical disciplines including orthopaedics, wound healing, neurosurgery, dentistry as well as cosmetic, plastic and cardiothoracic surgery. Nebulized Pure PRP treatment holds much promise and is being researched for its applications.

This new medical advance can bring effective and affordable healthcare to many patients with COPD. It is also attractive because the patients own blood is used thus, limiting the potential for disease transmission.

Our key product differentiation is to enable the Pure PRP treatment to be applied to patients who are suffering from COPD. COPD is the most dangerous disease in the elderly, affecting more than 200 million people across the globe. COPD is considered to be the cause of about 3 million deaths annually. This is a life-threatening disease caused by many reasons such as smoking, pollution, dust, irritants, genetic disorders, etc. It is associated with the excess production of sputum and an inflammation which obstructs the airways and results in breathing problems.

Though there is no cure for COPD, the condition can be controlled with the help of treatments. Stem cell therapy which has proved to be one of the most successful treatments for many chronic health conditions like heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, etc., has given a ray of hope in favor of COPD. Stem cells are known for their regenerative properties which help in the development of the tissues and blood cells. These cells are of two types: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be derived from blastocyst which is a type of embryo; whereas adult stem cells are found in the bone marrow, skin, umbilical cord, placenta and many other tissues. Embryonic stem cells are derived and are grown in cell culture for research and development. But adult stem cells, once removed from the body, divide with great difficulty which makes the treatment difficult to perform. The stem cells are either from the person itself who needs it which is known as autologous stem cell or they can be received from a donor which is known as allogeneic stem cell.

Cells donated by the donor may or may not be accepted by the bodys immune system. Hence, using ones own stem cells reduces the chances of rejection. In COPD, the tissues and cells of the lungs are destroyed, which causes various types of complications. Hence, with the help of stem cell therapy, the destroyed or damaged cells can be regenerated and new lung tissues can be formed. According to the procedure followed by the International Stem Cell Institute (ISCI); San Diego, California, adipose tissue is removed from the patient and is processed with a combination of platelet rich plasma which contains growth factors that help in the process of cell multiplication and development. This helps in COPD treatment as whenever the lungs need repair, about 80% of the stem cells reach the repairing site through the circulatory system. When the blood passes through the lungs, stem cells get trapped in the space where there is damage. The stem cells then start multiplying and repairing the tissue. The recovery does not take place immediately, but improvement can be noticed in 3 to 6 months. It helps in the suppression of inflammation, improves breathing and cures many pulmonary complications. Our Nebulized Pure PRP System aims to support this proposition to treat COPD patients. Treatments run about $1,000 and insurance does not currently pay for this treatment.

Contact our office at (941) 330-8553 to find out more about how Nebulized Pure PRP can offer you relief from symptoms of COPD. Also we are at http://advancedwellness.us/blog2/nebulized-platelet-rich-plasma-prp-for-asthma-copd-and-systemic-growth-effects-in-athletics/

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