image:The cell nuclei are in cyan gray, the stromal cells in red and green, and the blood vessels are stained in blue. view more

Credit: Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit Institut Pasteur

The intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients while protecting the body from external aggression, a task performed by a complex intestinal barrier. Scientists from the Institut Pasteur demonstrated in a mouse model that a population of tissue-resident cells known as stromal cells is crucial for the development of a functional intestinal barrier in the first few weeks after birth. Absence of these cells induces a defect in postnatal growth and increases susceptibility to intestinal inflammatory diseases. These findings were published in the journal Cell Stem Cell on May 5, 2022.

The intestinal barrier allows assimilation of nutrients while ensuring a proper defense against potential pathogens. The first weeks after birth are critical in this process as the intestine undergoes important steps of maturation and becomes colonized by microorganisms. In a few weeks, intestinal stem cells become restricted to the crypts, while differentiated epithelial cells ensuring absorption and defense migrate to the villi, which are in contact with the digested food and the microbiota.

In this study, scientists from the Institut Pasteur used an animal model to identify a population of stromal cells that develops before weaning age and promotes the maturation of the intestinal barrier. The stromal cells identified by the scientists are in contact with epithelial cells and receive a signal via their growth factor receptor (PDGFRa). This signal induces a new "mature" stromal niche that promotes intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and balanced immunity.

If the signal is blocked, the intestine does not develop properly in the first weeks of life, inducing a delay in postnatal growth and perturbations of intestinal homeostasis. At the "young adult" stage, individuals with such an overreactive intestine will develop pathological responses to injury and increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation.

"We identified a subpopulation of stromal cells in the first weeks after birth that is essential for the maturation of the postnatal intestine. By forming a specialized niche in the villi, these stromal cells provide local cues for the proper differentiation of epithelial and immune cells, which are key players in the intestinal barrier," explains Lucie Peduto, Head of the Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit (Institut Pasteur/Inserm) and lead author of the study.

Though the study was performed in an animal model, these stromal cells have also been identified in humans. This study could shed new light on the mechanisms underlying development of intestinal inflammatory diseases in childhood and young adulthood, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.

The research was funded by the European Research Council (ERC), Inserm, and the French Foundation for Medical Research.

PDGFR-induced stromal maturation is required to restrain postnatal intestinal epithelial stemness and promote defense mechanisms

5-May-2022

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

See more here:
Stromal cells, maestros of the intestine - EurekAlert

Bioengineering Professor Changqing Li is building a high-resolution CT imaging scanner that will allow scientists to study and understand how oxygen plays a role in cancer therapy and stem cells growing in deep tissue such as bone marrow, and possibly develop new advances to culture stem cells outside the body and therapeutics to control tumor growth.

Funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Li and fellow bioengineering Professor Joel Spencer are working with molecules that, when excited by the X-ray beam, emit light in the visible spectrum. By measuring the intensity of the light and how long it takes to be emitted, the researchers can detect how much oxygen is present in the tissue.

The project, called Bio-tissue Oxygenation Nanophosphor Enabled Sensing (BONES), would be a brand-new medical imaging technique with an unprecedented combination of chemical sensitivity and high-spatial resolution imaging through deep tissue.

The industry-academia partnership grant provides about $1.9 million under the Small Business Technology Transfer program. By partnering with Bay Area company Sigray Inc., the researchers use the power of a bright X-ray tube and a fancy X-ray optics focusing a superfine X-ray beam to peer through thick tissue.

Hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions affect many medical conditions such as cancer, chronic kidney disease and failed organ transplant, but the heterogeneous nature of hypoxia is not well understood, Li said.

For example, bone marrow is a particularly hypoxic tissue, and its low-oxygen environment enables bone marrow to maintain adult stem cells. But the same conditions are believed to harbor cancer cells, which is why bone is a common cancer metastasis site.

Both Li and Spencer focus on biomedical imaging. Spencer had already developed a technique for visualizing stem cells in live, intact mice, but Lis idea for BONES would allow researchers to see even deeper inside to directly measure molecular oxygen.

Its not easy to measure oxygenation in deep tissue, Li said. Right now, we can use a needle to extract samples, but it can only study that one spot. The proposed novel technology, BONES, will let us see inside a whole area of tissue such as tumors and bone marrow.

Changes in the oxygenation levels of tumors can be indicative of responses to therapies, Spencer said. And in bone marrow, he explained, oxygenation is important for the tissues health.

That can also be in the context of treatment, such as with bone marrow transplants, he said. Youd want to look at the recovery of the bone marrow. Oxygenation changes during recovery, but right now, no one has a way to look deep into the center of the marrow.

Besides being colleagues in the Department of Bioengineering, both Li and Spencer are affiliated with the Health Sciences Research Institute. The work on BONES under this grant lasts through 2024. It builds on work Li has been doing since he joined the campus in 2012, including through a $2.5 million R01 grant from the NIH to develop a first-of-its kind X-ray luminescence tomography scanner that allows researchers to visualize how cancer progresses and monitor the effectiveness of novel drug-delivery systems in live animals without invasive surgeries or euthanizing the animals.

Read the original here:
Bioengineers Work on New Technology to Look Deep Inside Living Tissue and Tumors | Newsroom - University of California, Merced

BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Gamida Cell Ltd. (Nasdaq: GMDA), the leader in the development of NAM-enabled cell therapy candidates for patients with hematologic and solid cancers and other serious diseases, today announced completion of the rolling Biologics License Application (BLA) submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for omidubicel for the treatment of patients with blood cancers in need of an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

The BLA submission marks an important milestone for both Gamida and the transplant community, as omidubicel has the potential to be the first approved advanced cell therapy product for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, said Julian Adams, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Gamida Cell. Completion of this BLA submission is a key inflection point in our mission to deliver a new treatment option for patients with blood cancers. We look forward to working closely with the FDA to bring this potentially important therapy to patients.

The FDA has 60 days to determine whether the BLA for omidubicel is acceptable for filing. The omidubicel BLA is supported by the statistically significant results from Gamida Cells pivotal Phase 3 study, the results of which were published in Blood, the official journal of the American Society of Hematology. For the studys primary endpoint, the median time to neutrophil engraftment in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant receiving omidubicel compared to standard umbilical cord blood (UCB), the median time to neutrophil engraftment was 12 days for patients randomized to omidubicel compared to 22 days for the comparator group (p < 0.001).

In key secondary endpoints of this Phase 3 study: platelet engraftment was significantly accelerated [55 percent of patients randomized to omidubicel achieving platelet engraftment by day 42, compared to 35 percent for the comparator (p = 0.028)]; the rate of infection was significantly reduced [cumulative incidence of first grade 2 or grade 3 bacterial or invasive fungal infection for patients randomized to omidubicel of 37 percent, compared to 57 percent for the comparator (p = 0.03)]; and hospitalization in the first 100 days after transplant was significantly reduced [median number of days alive and out of hospital for patients randomized to omidubicel of 61 days, compared to 48 days for the comparator (p = 0.005)]. Omidubicel was generally well tolerated in the Phase 3 study.

The full Blood manuscript is available here: https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/doi/10.1182/blood.2021011719/476235/Omidubicel-Versus-Standard-Myeloablative-Umbilical.

About Omidubicel

Omidubicel is an advanced cell therapy candidate developed as a potential life-saving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (bone marrow) transplant for patients with blood cancers. Omidubicel demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in time to neutrophil engraftment in comparison to standard umbilical cord blood in an international, multi-center, randomized Phase 3 study (NCT0273029) in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant. The Phase 3 study also showed reduced time to platelet engraftment, reduced infections and fewer days of hospitalization. One-year post-transplant data showed sustained clinical benefits with omidubicel as demonstrated by significant reduction in infectious complications as well as reduced non-relapse mortality and no significant increase in relapse rates nor increases in graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) rates. Omidubicel is the first stem cell transplant donor source to receive Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the FDA and has also received Orphan Drug Designation in the US and EU.

Omidubicel is an investigational therapy, and its safety and efficacy have not been established by the FDA or any other health authority. For more information about omidubicel, please visit https://www.gamida-cell.com.

Market Opportunity

In 2019, approximately 8,000 patients who were 12 years old and up with hematologic malignancies underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant.1 Unfortunately, it is estimated that another 1,200 patients were eligible for transplant but could not find a donor source.2 Omidubicel, if approved, has the potential to improve outcomes for patients based on transplanter feedback and to potentially increase access for patients to get to transplant. Omidubicel, if approved, has the potential to treat approximately 2,000 2,500 patients each year in the U.S.

About NAM Technology

Our NAM-enabling technology is designed to enhance the number and functionality of targeted cells, enabling us to pursue a curative approach that moves beyond what is possible with existing therapies. Leveraging the unique properties of NAM (nicotinamide), we can expand and metabolically modulate multiple cell types including stem cells and natural killer cells with appropriate growth factors to maintain the cells active phenotype and enhance potency. Additionally, our NAM technology improves the metabolic fitness of cells, allowing for continued activity throughout the expansion process.

About Gamida Cell

Gamida Cell is pioneering a diverse immunotherapy pipeline of potentially curative cell therapy candidates for patients with solid tumor and blood cancers and other serious blood diseases. We apply a proprietary expansion platform leveraging the properties of NAM to allogeneic cell sources including umbilical cord blood-derived cells and NK cells to create therapy candidates with potential to redefine standards of care. These include omidubicel, an investigational product with potential as a life-saving alternative for patients in need of bone marrow transplant, and a line of modified and unmodified NAM-enabled NK cells targeted at solid tumor and hematological malignancies. For additional information, please visit http://www.gamida-cell.com or follow Gamida Cell on LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook or Instagram at @GamidaCellTx.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including with respect to timing of initiation and progress of, and data reported from, the clinical trials of Gamida Cells product candidates (including omidubicel), anticipated regulatory filings (including the timing of submission of the BLA for omidubicel to the FDA), commercialization planning efforts, and the potentially life-saving or curative therapeutic and commercial potential of Gamida Cells product candidates (including omidubicel), and Gamida Cells expectations for the expected clinical development milestones set forth herein. Any statement describing Gamida Cells goals, expectations, financial or other projections, intentions or beliefs is a forward-looking statement and should be considered an at-risk statement. Such statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those related to the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic could have on our business, and including the scope, progress and expansion of Gamida Cells clinical trials and ramifications for the cost thereof; clinical, scientific, regulatory and technical developments; and those inherent in the process of developing and commercializing product candidates that are safe and effective for use as human therapeutics, and in the endeavor of building a business around such product candidates. In light of these risks and uncertainties, and other risks and uncertainties that are described in the Risk Factors section and other sections of Gamida Cells Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 24, 2022, as amended, and other filings that Gamida Cell makes with the SEC from time to time (which are available at http://www.sec.gov), the events and circumstances discussed in such forward-looking statements may not occur, and Gamida Cells actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied thereby. Although Gamida Cells forward-looking statements reflect the good faith judgment of its management, these statements are based only on facts and factors currently known by Gamida Cell. As a result, you are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements.

1CIBMTR 2019 allogeneic transplants in patients 12+ years with hematological malignancies.2Gamida Cell market research

Read more from the original source:
Gamida Cell Completes Rolling Biologics License Application Submission to the FDA for Omidubicel - Business Wire

As baby number fours screams rang out from the birthing suite, parents Laura and Paul West held their breath.

Not just for their newborn baby girl, Emma, but for their third child, Charlotte, who was desperately awaiting the arrival of her sister - a much-needed stem cell donor.

As the umbilical cord and placenta were whisked away, Laura whispered to her tiny, healthy baby that she was destined to save her big sisters life.

For more Lifestyle related news and videos check out Lifestyle >>

Charlotte, who was living with cerebral palsy, couldnt walk, talk or eat by herself.

Doctors told the West family she would never know her own name.

But five years after Emmas birth, Charlotte is now running.

Emma is the gift that keeps on giving, Laura tells 7Life.

When the West Australian woman was 22 weeks pregnant with Charlotte, doctors discovered an abnormality.

She had diaphragmatic hernia - a hole in the diaphragm which allowed organs to travel upwards and develop in the chest region.

Charlotte also had a hole in her heart, a number of gut issues, and white matter on the brain, among other issues.

Specialists suggested Paul and Laura consider termination - Charlotte had a 10 per cent survival rate, at best.

At home, the couple tried to come to terms with the gravity of the situation.

They gently broke the news to their two children, Josh, then seven, and Isabella, then four.

Every day they would rub my belly and go, Good morning Charlotte. She was already part of our family, Laura says.

So when we told Josh, he said, Why dont we let Charlotte decide? If she wants to fight she will fight. What if it were me, mum?.

The family agreed with the little boy.

They chose against termination and let Charlotte make the decision for herself, praying every day for her safe and healthy arrival.

When the time came, the hospital room was filled with more than 30 medical staff and grief counsellors, prepared for the worst possible outcome.

But Charlotte chose life.

In her first few days, she was in and out of surgery - each day touch and go.

When she was really sick those first few days, Josh turns to me and said Dont you wish you could just take her soul and place it in a healthy body so she can enjoy life like we do, Laura says.

He was seven. He just says the most profound things.

Charlotte was diagnosed with cerebral palsy and epilepsy and told she would need care for the rest of her life.

Her prognosis was unknown.

Laura and Paul began making modifications around the home for their little girl and were happy she was part of their family.

Josh and Isabella doted on their new sister and took on new roles in the family, helping care for Charlotte.

There were more surgeries, therapy and ICU visits, and Charlotte battled every new challenge with a grin.

With a wheelchair, oxygen tank and a feeding tube, Charlotte became Lauras best friend and the pair never left each others side.

Then when Charlotte was two, Laura fell pregnant again.

As she waited with Charlotte for an ultrasound appointment early in her pregnancy, Laura caught a woman staring at her daughter from across the room.

I was pretty used to that and just thought, Here we go again, Laura says.

She asked me what was wrong with Charlotte and I started to tell her.

The woman stopped Laura mid-sentence and revealed she, too, had a daughter with cerebral palsy.

She then pointed to her pregnant bump - and revealed she had conceived in the hopes of using her unborn childs stem cells to help her eldest.

Cells of the newborns umbilical cord would be infused into her eldest child, hoping to help increase movement and brain development.

She spoke about a medical trial in Melbourne, she quickly grabbed a scrap bit of paper and wrote all the details on it and handed it to me, Laura says.

Back at home, Laura dug through her bag to find the crumpled piece of paper.

I thought, What was the harm? so I gave the number a call, she says.

The trial was purely focused on the safety of the procedure around sibling stem cell infusions, and Laura was told they had no evidence that stem cells could benefit Charlotte at that stage.

But, what did I have to lose, Laura says.

As she began her own research into stem cell trials, she discovered children around the world were benefiting from the infusion - with dramatic changes in development and increased independence.

For the Wests, the trial sparked hope for their daughters future. So they signed up.

Laura and Paul were told Charlotte had just a 25 per cent chance of matching with her new sibling.

And they would need to wait for the arrival of their latest bundle to test their compatibility.

When Emma was welcomed into the world, the family was overjoyed - not just by baby number four but the countless possibilities for Charlotte.

Emmas placenta and umbilical cord were quickly sent for testing.

When we finally got the call we couldnt believe it - they were a match, Laura says.

Then aged three-and-a-half, Charlotte and Laura flew to Melbourne for the two-hour procedure, which went flawlessly.

From what they (doctors) had told us, we had no expectations, Laura says.

Just two days after the infusion, Charlotte reached for a bottle and began making a sucking motion with her mouth.

I know it seems like such a tiny moment but she had never done that before, she is tube fed, the mum says.

A few weeks later, she was rolling - then crawling, standing and finally walking.

With no previous motor skills, Charlotte was speeding past every milestone she had missed in her short three years of life.

We were told she would have no chance of ever talking or walking, she will never know you, she will never form bonds or relationships with people, she will never know her family, Laura says.

Now she knows her family, she loves us dearly, she can hold a pencil and draw.

Every day Charlotte, now eight, continues to improve.

Josh and Isabella share a special bond with Charlotte, but Emma and her sisters connection is on a different level.

Emma grabs Charlottes hand and takes her to the trampoline and just encourages her, Laura says.

Laura has connected with the woman from the doctors waiting room and the pair share their journeys with stem cell research.

Laura calls the meeting her turning point, saying that without having encountered the kind stranger, Charlotte wouldnt be where she is today.

Doctors always give you the grim odds of everything, the mum says.

But looking at Charlotte now, she is doing everything she was told she wouldnt.

Laura is sharing her familys story to raise awareness of the importance of research into stem cell therapies, cord blood and tissue storage, and initiatives such as Cell Cares Sibling Cord Blood Collection program.

Visit http://www.cellcare.com.au for more information.

Read the original post:
Stem cell treatment for Cerebral Palsy: Aussie mum tells how baby was born to save her sister - 7NEWS

The quality of Global Stem Cell Banking Market market research report is at par which gains customer confidence and trust. This market report directs business in right direction by giving insights about products, market, customers, competitors and marketing strategy at right time. Hence it acts as a backbone to the business. This market report helps to develop a successful marketing strategy for the business. The business report is very helpful to all sizes of business which makes it simpler to take informed decisions in providing the different aspect of HEALTHCARE industry. The worldwide Global Stem Cell Banking Market market report contains all the company profiles of the major players and brands.

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The Global Stem Cell Banking Market market report also indicates a narrowed decisive summary of the market. Along with this, multiple factors which have affected the advancement and improvement in a positive as well as negative manner are also studied in the report. On the contrary, the various factors which will be acting as the opportunities for the development and growth of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market in the forecasted period are also mentioned.

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Top Keyplayers in Global Stem Cell Banking Market Report:

CBR Systems, Inc., (U.S.), Cordlife (Singapore), Cryo-Cell International, Inc., (U.S.), ViaCord (U.S.), Cryo-Save (Netherlands), LifeCell International Pvt. Ltd. (India), StemCyte India Therapeutics Pvt. Ltd (U.S.), Global Cord Blood Corporation (China), Smart Cells International Limited (UK), Vita34 1997 (Germany), Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. (U.S.), Celgene Corporation (U.S.), BrainStorm Cell Limited (U.S.), Regrow Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. (India) and CryoHoldco (Mexico)

Drivers

Theincrease in the global burden of majordiseasesand rise in the use of stem cell banking for curing badly damaged tissues are the most significant factors driving this markets growth. The surge in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures and the increase in the number of skin transplants and brain cell transplantations are also expected to accelerate the markets overall growth.

The variousinitiatives for instilling awareness amongst consumers by government as well as non-government organizations about the therapeutic potentials of stem cells will bolster the overall growth of the market.

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Regional Analysis

U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), Brazil, Argentina and Rest of South America as part of South America.

Request for TOC @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-stem-cell-banking-market&kb

An excellent Global Stem Cell Banking Market market research report has several benefits which can be projected to wide-ranging aspects of HEALTHCARE industry. It helps to draw target audiences for the clients before launching any advertising campaign. With the market report, it becomes easy to collect industry information more quickly. Moreover, this industry analysis report also solves the purpose of validating the information that has been gathered through internal or primary research. With the finest Global Stem Cell Banking Market market report, it becomes possible to achieve holistic view of the market effectively and then also benchmark all the companies in the HEALTHCARE industry.

Highlights of TOC:

Chapter 1: Market overview

Chapter 2: Global Induction Global Stem Cell Banking Market market analysis

Chapter 3: Regional analysis of the Induction Global Stem Cell Banking Market industry

Chapter 4: Market segmentation based on types and applications

Chapter 5: Revenue analysis based on types and applications

Chapter 6: Market share

Chapter 7: Competitive Landscape

Chapter 8: Drivers, Restraints, Challenges, and Opportunities

Chapter 9: Gross Margin and Price Analysis

Goals and objectives of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market Market Study

Understanding the opportunities and progress of Global Stem Cell Banking Market Global Stem Cell Banking Market market highlights, as well as key regions and countries involved in market growth.

Study the different segments of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market and the dynamics of Global Stem Cell Banking Market in the market.

Categorize Global Stem Cell Banking Market segments with increasing growth potential and evaluate the futuristic segment market

To analyze the most important trends related to the different segments that help to decipher and convince the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market.

To verify region-specific growth and development in the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market.

Understand the key stakeholders in the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market and the value of the competitive image of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market leaders.

To study key plans, initiatives and strategies for the development of the Global Stem Cell Banking Market market.

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Stem Cell Banking Market | Industry Analysis, Key Players, Segmentation And Forecast By 2029 The Greater Binghamton Business Journal - The Greater...