Universit de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et dterminants molculaires des maladies lies au vieillissement, Lille, France

Cline Bellenguez,Benjamin Grenier-Boley,Vincent Damotte,Marcos R. Costa,Julien Chapuis,R. Pineda-Snchez,Nathalie Fievet,Hieab Adams,Philippe Amouyel&Jean-Charles Lambert

Complex Genetics of Alzheimers Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium

Fahri Kkali,Christine Van Broeckhoven,Jasper Van Dongen&Kristel Sleegers

Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium

Fahri Kkali,Christine Van Broeckhoven,Jasper Van Dongen&Kristel Sleegers

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Fahri Kkali,Jasper Van Dongen&Kristel Sleegers

Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Iris E. Jansen,Sven J. van der Lee,Henne Holstege,Marc Hulsman,Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg,Philip Scheltens,Niccolo Tes&Wiesje M. van der Flier

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Iris E. Jansen,Danielle Posthuma&Tim Lu

Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Luca Kleineidam,Victor Andrade,Michael T. Heneka,Wolfgang Maier,Anja Schneider,Michael Wagner,Kayenat Parveen,Frank Jessen&Alfredo Ramirez

Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany

Luca Kleineidam,Rafael Campos-Martin,Victor Andrade,Maria Carolina Dalmasso,Klaus Fliebach&Alfredo Ramirez

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany

Luca Kleineidam,Klaus Fliebach,Michael T. Heneka,Wolfgang Maier,Matthias Schmid,Anja Schneider,Annika Spottke,Michael Wagner,Henning Boecker,Andr Lacour,Christine Herold,Tim Becker,Ying Wu,Yanbing Wang,Frank Jessen&Alfredo Ramirez

Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundaci ACE, Institut Catal de Neurocincies Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

Sonia Moreno-Grau,Itziar de Rojas,Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez,Carla Abdelnour,Emilio Alarcn-Martn,Montserrat Alegret,Merc Boada,Miguel Calero,Ana Espinosa,Pablo Garca-Gonzlez,Isabel Hernndez,Marta Marqui,Laura Montrreal,Adelina Orellana,Gemma Ortega,Alba Prez-Cordn,Raquel Puerta,Natalia Roberto,Maite Rosende-Roca,ngela Sanabria,Oscar Sotolongo-Grau,Juan Pablo Tartan,Llus Trraga,Sergi Valero,Ana Maulen,Ana Pancho,Anna Gailhajenet,Asuncin Lafuente,Elvira Martn,Esther Pelej,Liliana Vargas,Mar Buendia,Marina Guitart,Mariona Moreno,Marta Ibarria,Nuria Aguilera,Pilar Caabate,Silvia Preckler,Susana Diego,Nuria Aguilera,Amanda Cano,Pilar Caabate,Ral Nuez-Llaves,Cludia Oliv,Ester Pelej&Agustn Ruiz

CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Sonia Moreno-Grau,Itziar de Rojas,Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez,Carla Abdelnour,Daniel Alcolea,Montserrat Alegret,Rafael Blesa,Merc Boada,Dolores Buiza-Rueda,Laura Cervera-Carles,Ana Espinosa,Juan Fortea,Mara J. Bullido,Ana Frank-Garca,Jose Maria Garca-Alberca,Isabel Hernndez,Carmen Lage,Alberto Lle,Adolfo Lopez de Munain,Marta Marqui,Angel Martn Montes,Miguel Medina,Pablo Mir,Fermin Moreno,Adelina Orellana,Gemma Ortega,Jordi Prez-Tur,Alberto Rbano,Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez,Maite Rosende-Roca,ngela Sanabria,Pascual Snchez Juan,Llus Trraga,Sergi Valero,Miren Zulaica,Ad Adarmes-Gmez,D. Macias-Garca,F. Carrillo,Isabel Sastre Merln,L. Garrote-Espina,M. Carrion-Claro,Ma Labrador,Mt Perin,P. Gmez-Garre,R. Escuela,R. Vigo-Ortega,S. Jess,Nuria Aguilera,Pilar Caabate,Astrid D. Adarmes-Gmez,Ftima Carrillo,Mario Carrin-Claro,Roco Escuela,Lorena Garrote-Espina,Pilar Gmez-Garre,Silvia Jess,Miguel Angel Labrador Espinosa,Sara Lpez-Garca,Daniel Macias-Garca,Mara Teresa Perin-Tocino,Roco Pineda-Snchez,Isabel Sastre,Rosario Vigo-Ortega,Jordi Clarimon&Agustn Ruiz

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Najaf Amin,Amber Yaqub,Ivana Prokic,Shahzad Ahmad,Hata Comic,Tavia Evans,Maria Knol,William Kremen,Gena Roshchupkin,Dina Vojinovic,Mohsen Ghanbari,M. Arfan Ikram&Cornelia M. van Duijn

Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK

Najaf Amin&Cornelia M. van Duijn

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Adam C. Naj,Jin Sha,Alessandra Chesi,Beth A. Dombroski,Jacob Haut,Pavel P. Kuksa,Chien-Yueh Lee,Edward B. Lee,Yuk Yee Leung,Mingyao Li,John Malamon,Liming Qu,John Q. Trojanowski,Otto Valladares&Vivianna M. Van Deerlin

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Adam C. Naj,Valentina Escott-Price,Pavel P. Kuksa,Chien-Yueh Lee,Otto Valladares,Li-San Wang,Yi Zhao&Gerard D. Schellenberg

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

Peter A. Holmans,Catherine Bresner,Janet Harwood,Lauren Luckcuck,Rachel Marshall,Amy Williams,Charlene Thomas,Chloe Davies,William Nash,Kimberley Dowzell,Atahualpa Castillo Morales,Mateus Bernardo-Harrington,Julie Williams&Rebecca Sims

CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Gnomique Humaine, Universit Paris-Saclay, Evry, France

Anne Boland,Cline Besse,Delphine Daian,Bertrand Fin,Robert Olaso&Jean-Franois Deleuze

Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Sven J. van der Lee,Henne Holstege,Marc Hulsman,Yiyi Ma&Niccolo Tes

Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

Marcos R. Costa&Mikko Hiltunen

Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Teemu Kuulasmaa,Alexa Beiser,Anita DeStefano,Kathryn L. Lunetta,Gina Peloso,Ruiqi Wang,Neil W. Kowall,Ann C. McKee,Jesse Mez,Robert A. Stern&Lindsay A. Farrer

Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Qiong Yang,Anita DeStefano,Lena Kilander,Malin Lwemark,Claudia L. Satizabal,Ruiqi Wang,Adrienne L. Cupples,Jose Dupuis,Shuo Li,Xuan Liu&Sudha Seshadri

Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA

Qiong Yang,Oscar Lopez&Bruce M. Psaty

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Joshua C. Bis&Alison E. Fohner

LACDR, Leiden, the Netherlands

Shahzad Ahmad

Department of Public Health and Carins Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Vilmantas Giedraitis&Martin Ingelsson

Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway

Dag Aarsland

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK

Dag Aarsland

Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Mlaga, Mlaga, Spain

Emilio Alarcn-Martn

Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Daniel Alcolea,Rafael Blesa,Laura Cervera-Carles,Juan Fortea,Alberto Lle,Martin Rossor&Jordi Clarimon

Fundaci Docncia i Recerca MtuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MtuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain

Ignacio Alvarez,Mnica Diez-Fairen&Pau Pastor

Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain

Ignacio Alvarez,Mnica Diez-Fairen&Pau Pastor

Laboratorio de Gentica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Victoria lvarez&Irene Rosas Allende

Servicio de Neurologa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigacin Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Victoria lvarez,Carmen Martnez Rodrguez,Manuel Menndez-Gonzlez&Irene Rosas Allende

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Nicola J. Armstrong,Henry Brodaty,Anbupalam Thalamuthu,Perminder Sachdev&Karen Mather

First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Anthoula Tsolaki,Tegos Thomas,Anna Anastasiou&Magda Tsolaki

Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece

Anthoula Tsolaki,Tegos Thomas&Magda Tsolaki

Unidad de Demencias, Hospital Clnico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

Carmen Antnez,Martirio Antequera,Agustina Legaz,Juan Marn-Muoz,Begoa Martnez,Victoriana Martnez,Maria Pilar Vicente&Liliana Vivancos

School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

Ildebrando Appollonio,Elisa Conti,Lucio Tremolizzo,Carlo Ferrarese,Simona Andreoni,Gessica Sala&Chiara Paola Zoia

Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy

Ildebrando Appollonio,Lucio Tremolizzo&Carlo Ferrarese

Fondazione IRCCS CaGranda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Marina Arcaro,Daniela Galimberti&Elio Scarpini

Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, III Laboratory of Analysis, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy

Silvana Archetti

Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain

Alfonso Arias Pastor,Raquel Huerto Vilas&Gerard Piol-Ripoll

Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain

Alfonso Arias Pastor,Raquel Huerto Vilas&Gerard Piol-Ripoll

Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Beatrice Arosio

Geriatic Unit, Fondazione C Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Beatrice Arosio,Simona Ciccone,Paolo Dionigi Rossi&Evelyn Ferri

NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Lavinia Athanasiu,Srdjan Djurovic,Alexey A. Shadrin,Shahram Bahrami&Ole A. Andreassen

EA 4468, Universit de Paris, APHP, Hpital Broca, Paris, France

Henri Bailly,Emmanuelle Duron,Olivier Hanon&Jean-Sbastien Vidal

Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy

Nerisa Banaj,Gianfranco Spalletta,Francesca Assogna,Fabrizio Piras,Federica Piras,Valentina Ciullo,Jacob Shofany&Yi Zhao

Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Universitari i Politcnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain

Miquel Baquero&Juan Andrs Burguera

Taub Institute on Alzheimers Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Sandra Barral,Richard Mayeux,Nikolaos Scarmeas,Giuseppe Tosto,Badri N. Vardarajan,Sandra Barral,Lawrence S. Honig,Scott Small,Jean-Paul Vonsattel&Jennifer Williamson

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New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias - Nature.com

SALT LAKE CITY Theres a 13% chance for any woman to develop breast cancer in the course of their lifetime. But for 24-year-old twins, Emma and Gabriella Friel. theres a much higher chance. An 80% change.

The sisters, from Utah, live together, hike together, snowboard together, travel together and so much more. And recently, they underwent double mastectomies together on the same day, at the same hospital.

In early 2021, Emma, who works in the genetics field, set out to satisfy a nagging worry she had about her genealogy and genetics: Was her family history of breast cancer a sign that she had inherited a gene mutation that put her at a very high risk of developing the disease?

This BRCA gene runs in our family, said Emma. Our cousin had it and her mom, so our aunt had it. It was very off-handed. I got tested, I didnt think anything about it, I figured I would be negative and then it turned out I was positive.

Emmas test result foreshadowed Gabriellas.

I was hoping, by some chance, that I wouldnt have it, said Gabriella. I dont know, by the grace of God or something, but I assumed I did.

The results were back within a month. They both had the BRCA1 gene.And then they had a decision to make.

So, theres a 13% chance for women to get breast cancer in their life. For the Friel sisters, its six times that.

There is about an 85% chance of us developing breast cancer by the time we turn 70, 75, explained Emma. Its not super scientific where they can see, like this is your percentage by the age of 30. And this is your percentage by the age of 50. Its very broad. Theyre doing more research to try and pinpoint it. But science isnt there yet.

Emma decide she would undergo a double mastectomy to significantly cut her odds for developing the disease. Gabriella looked into other options.

Another option is I could get tested every six months for the rest of my life until someday I get breast cancer, said Gabriella. I wasnt keen on that option. It just seemed like a lot of anxiety, and a lot of time.

In February 2022, both admitted themselves to the same hospital, on the same day, to undergo double mastectomies.

Emma and Gabriellas mother, Sandra Garofalo was the first person Emma called after she got her test results.

I just, I immediately felt guilty, said Garofalo. I thought I should have tested myself long ago, like I, I just made a lot of excuses of why not to get tested, you know. I had lost my cousin. And I knew that she was positive. But you know, our parents are half-siblings. And they had breast cancer on the side of the family that was not blood-related to me. So I just always kind of thought, Oh, it must have come from that side of the family. I put it out of my head for a long time.

The irony is, that Garofalo is a nurse practitioner who works with cancer patients.

Heres Emma, the first one positive, and I immediately felt like this should not be on her, I should have done this first, she said. I want them to make the right decision, but I know that it needs to be theirs, and not mine.

She says she would be there to emotionally support them, but not make the decision for them.

Of course, I didnt want them to get it yet, Garofalo said. Theyre really active, and theyre having so much fun. I dont want to interrupt their lives with this mess and thinking about cancer. As I was struggling over that, I met a new patient, literally a week, after all of this kind of hit. And this girl walks in. Shes one year older than my twins. Shes this really dynamic young woman. And shes like the girl she likes to rock climb and snowboard and adventure and do all this stuff. And shes BRACA-1 positive, and she has triple-negative breast cancer, which is traditionally a harder cancer to treat and harder to cure. Ive been going through wrestling with this, that it was this way of saying this is what you need to do. Theyre doing the right thing. Theyre not too young to get surgery.

All the while, Garofalo got tested herself. She was positive for the gene, too.

So while her girls were weighing their options, Garofalo got her double mastectomy in the fall of 2021.

The BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are genes that women normally have two copies of that help protect them from cancer. If one of the genes we inherit is defective, it puts the bodys ability to fight cancer at a disadvantage.

They are more at risk for getting breast, ovarian cancer, sometimes pancreas, melanoma, and men, of course, are more at risk for getting prostate cancer, said Huntsman Cancer Institutes Dr. Sarah Colonna.

Colonna wasnt involved in the Friel sisters diagnosis.

She recommends speaking to a genetic counselor before making the decision to test for gene mutations and says there are a couple of options: One is an FDA-approved at-home saliva test, and the other is to get tested at your doctors office.

Costs used to be several thousand dollars, its come down. Now its like a couple of hundred dollars.

She warns federal law makes it illegal for health insurance companies to base coverage on a persons DNA but things differ when it comes to life and disability insurance.

And though Colonna urges people to consider the insurance implication before testing themselves, she says that by undergoing double mastectomies Emma and Gabriella significantly dropped their risk of cancer.

Lets say Gabriellas risk was 70%, said. Colonna. A risk-reducing mastectomy would take it from 70% to 7%.

The FDA has approved an at-home test kit, and the genetic testing website 23andMe markets a saliva test, which costs about $200.

We test for the three mutations on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that are some of the most common, the most well-studied and convey the largest risk. We do not test for all possible variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, as more than 1,000 variants in these genes are known to increase cancer risk, a spokesperson responded to KSL NewsRadios inquiry.

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General Conference: Two sisters used genealogy, genetics to find their risk of breast cancer - KSL NewsRadio

Parkinsons disease is the second most common neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimers, with nearly one million Americans living with the disease and ten million people affected worldwide.

With genetic testing now available, people with Parkinsons and their families are increasingly turning to testing to learn more about their disease and if their children are at risk.

Which test to take and how to interpret the results, though, can be confusing. Getting genetic testing can be useful, but the information can be overwhelming or even misleading, says neurologist Roy Alcalay, MD, an expert in the treatment of Parkinsons at Columbia and NewYork-Presbyterian who also studies the genetics of the disease.

That why its best to couple any testing with genetic counseling. Getting genetic testing is pretty profound, because people receive a lot of potentially positive or negative information. Without a genetic counselor to prepare you and explain the results, I would advise against genetic testing, says Alcalay.

The genetics of Parkinsons disease is complex, and risk cannot be determined by looking at the presence or absence of a single gene.

Genetic testing for Parkinsons emerged in the 2000s after the identification of the first known disease-causing variants. Currently, researchers think about 90 genes may be contribute to Parkinsons disease.

But tests vary widely, complicating interpretation and counseling.

Clinical laboratories worldwide currently offer more than 500 unique clinical genetic tests for Parkinsons, with tests examining anywhere from five to 62 genes, according to a recent study by Alcalay, neurologistKaren Marder, MD, a Parkinson's expert at Columbia and NewYork-Presbyterian, and other colleagues. Many tests include genes whose connection to Parkinsons is still controversial among scientists.

This makes it very confusing both for people with Parkinsons and for providers, because if one company examines five genes and another examines 62, are they offering the same product? Is the result the same, and what do you do with it? Marder says.

The complex testing landscape for Parkinson's may be simplified in the future: Alcalay and Marder belong to a new Parkinsons Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel that is in the process of developing an expert consensus about the genes that cause Parkinsons and which should be included in genetic testing.

One way to access testing is to join the PDGENEration study, a flagship initiative of the Parkinsons Foundation, for which Alcalay is the lead investigator. Study participants are provided pre- and post-test counseling and genetic testing for mutations in the most common Parkinsons genes. The study is designed to help accelerate clinical trials of gene-specific therapies and improve patient care. Alcalay says about 3,500 people have already completed the study, which can accommodate 15,000 people.

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is also available but may not involve a genetic counselor to prepare test-takers and interpret the results.

Before taking a genetic test, its important for counselors to help people imagine the worst-case scenario, so they can process how they might feel, says Marder.

A genetic counselor also explains the ambiguity associated with test results. Just because somebody has a genetic mutation associated with Parkinsons, that doesnt necessarily mean they will develop Parkinsons, Marder says. Factors such as diet and exercise could possibly postpone development of the disease.

Many people are eager to have genetic testing, including children of Parkinsons patients who want to know their risk. Marder and Alcalay know of several who started the testing process but chose not to receive results after meeting with the genetic counselor.

The family dynamics can be quite nuanced. Some parents with Parkinsons undergo testing, but then are faced with a decision about giving their children unpleasant news. Or a child who learns she did not inherit a parents Parkinsons gene may feel conflicted about sharing that with an affected family member, Marder adds.

Take your time making a decision about testing, because once you have that information, you cant take it back.

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Genetic Testing for Parkinson's Disease: What You Need to Know - Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Aysu Okbay,Hyeokmoon Kweon&Philipp D. Koellinger

Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Yeda Wu,Julia Sidorenko,Jian Yang,Loic Yengo&Peter M. Visscher

National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

Nancy Wang,Hariharan Jayashankar,Michael Bennett,Grant Goldman,Tamara Gjorgjieva,Steven F. Lehrer,David Cesarini&Daniel J. Benjamin

UCLA Anderson School of Management, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Seyed Moeen Nehzati,Chelsea Watson,Jonathan Jala,Daniel J. Benjamin&Alexander I. Young

23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA

Yunxuan Jiang,Barry Hicks,Chao Tian,David A. Hinds,Michelle Agee,Babak Alipanahi,Adam Auton,Robert K. Bell,Katarzyna Bryc,Sarah L. Elson,Pierre Fontanillas,Nicholas A. Furlotte,Karen E. Huber,Aaron Kleinman,Nadia K. Litterman,Jennifer C. McCreight,Matthew H. McIntyre,Joanna L. Mountain,Carrie A. M. Northover,Steven J. Pitts,J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti,Olga V. Sazonova,Janie F. Shelton,Suyash Shringarpure,Joyce Y. Tung,Vladimir Vacic&Catherine H. Wilson

Department of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Rafael Ahlskog,Sven Oskarsson&Karl-Oskar Lindgren

Swedish Twin Registry, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Robert Karlsson,Paul Lichtenstein&Nancy L. Pedersen

MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK

Caroline Hayward,Jennifer E. Huffman,Jonathan Marten,Veronique Vitart,James F. Wilson&Alan F. Wright

Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK

Archie Campbell&David J. Porteous

Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Archie Campbell&David J. Porteous

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

David J. Porteous

Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Jeremy Freese

McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

Pamela Herd

Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

Dalton C. Conley&Dalton Conley

Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

Philipp D. Koellinger

Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

Magnus Johannesson

Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Olga Rostapshova,David I. Laibson&David Laibson

Center for Translational Bioethics and Health Care Policy, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA

Michelle N. Meyer

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Michael B. Miller,William G. Iacono,Matt McGue,Robert F. Krueger&James J. Lee

Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Augustine Kong

Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA

Kevin Thom&David Cesarini

Center for Experimental Social Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA

David A. Hinds&David Cesarini

Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Patrick Turley

Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Mark Alan Fontana&Patrick Turley

Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science and Department of Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA

Jonathan P. Beauchamp

Human Genetics Department, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Daniel J. Benjamin&Alexander I. Young

Center for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA

Mark Alan Fontana

The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tune H. Pers,Pascal Timshel,Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia&Thorkild I. A. Srensen

Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tune H. Pers&Pascal Timshel

Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Cornelius A. Rietveld,S. Fleur W. Meddens,Ronald de Vlaming&A. Roy Thurik

Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Cornelius A. Rietveld,Ronald de Vlaming&A. Roy Thurik

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Cornelius A. Rietveld,Ronald de Vlaming,Najaf Amin,Frank J. A. van Rooij,Cornelia M. van Duijn,Henning Tiemeier,Andr G. Uitterlinden&Albert Hofman

Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Guo-Bo Chen,Zhihong Zhu,Andrew Bakshi,Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen,Jacob Gratten&Jian Yang

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland

Valur Emilsson,Albert V. Smith&Vilmundur Gudnason

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavk, Iceland

Valur Emilsson

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

S. Fleur W. Meddens,Christiaan de Leeuw&Danielle Posthuma

Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

S. Fleur W. Meddens&Mal P. Lebreton

New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA

Joseph K. Pickrell

Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Abdel Abdellaoui,Jouke-Jan Hottenga,Gonneke Willemsen&Dorret I. Boomsma

Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia,Klaus Bnnelykke,Johannes Waage&Hans Bisgaard

Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia&Johannes Waage

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

Jonas Bacelis&Bo Jacobsson

Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Clemens Baumbach&Christian Gieger

Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Clemens Baumbach&Christa Meisinger

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland

Gyda Bjornsdottir,Gudmar Thorleifsson,Bjarni Gunnarsson,Bjarni V. Halldrsson,Kari Stefansson&Unnur Thorsteinsdottir

Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Johannes H. Brandsma&Raymond A. Poot

Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica U.O.S. di Sassari, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy

Maria Pina Concas,Simona Vaccargiu&Mario Pirastu

Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA

Jaime Derringer

Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Tessel E. Galesloot&Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney

Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Giorgia Girotto,Dragana Vuckovic,Ilaria Gandin,Paolo Gasparini&Nicola Pirastu

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Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals - Nature.com