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The True Crime Junkies and the Curious Case of a Missing Husband – VICE

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:24 am

My husband (since last Sat)... is now a missing person, read the Facebook post. I cant believe the love of my life, my soulmate isnt here holding me.

It was July 17, 2019, and Tatiana Badra was frantic. In a series of posts, she recounted that 30-year-old Ethan Rendlen, her partner of four years, had been driving them back after a few errands to their home in The Colony, a suburb in Dallas, Texas. Rendlen, she said, had pulled over, jumped out of the car, and abruptly vanished three days ago.

Badra canvassed the businesses at the intersection. At each, patrons and staff told her that they had seen Rendlen, and that he was searching for her. After waiting by the car for hours, Badra eventually drove home alone. She had been pleading for help on Facebook ever since, posting on the pages of local Texas news affiliates and national missing persons groups.

Police think he ate the Adderall bottle, Badras Facebook post continued. But why? Badra, who claimed to be four months pregnant, said that Rendlen had just been offered a lucrative job, and that the pair were closing on an 87-acre property with a house and lake. I just wish people would help me find the...father of our child. He deserves his life back!!!

In the accompanying photos, Rendlen is tall and trim, with sandy hair and a gentle smile. In his eyes is a look of calm, of peace. Badra, a petite strawberry blonde, either cuddles lovingly beside him or mugs for the camera, working her angles and making liberal use of duck face.

Melania Boninsegna, a co-moderator of a true-crime Facebook group, found Badras post shortly after it went up. She had been searching the phrase missing person on the social-networking site. A 28-year-old stay-at-home mom, Boninsegna had started the True Crime Junkies in 2018, along with a co-administrator (who wished to remain anonymous in this story). It served as a private discussion group requiring permission to join, and now has 12,000 members. As new cases emerged, Boninsegna and her co-administrator created private subgroups, each linking back to the True Crime Junkies hub.

After reading Badras post, Boninsegna sent Badra a message to see if she could help. Badra responded, both to thank Boninsegna and share her fears about Rendlens safety. Girl, I wont lie, she wrote. Im about to lose it. I just cant stop imagining awful shit and crying. On July 23rd, 2019, Boninsegna started a Facebook subgroup dedicated to the case: True Crime Junkies-Ethan Rendlen-Case discussion.

Back in the days of CourtTV and the OJ Simpson trial, this kind of civilian involvement in a potential criminal caseparticularly the general public communicating with a victims familywould have required much more effort. But social media has turned viewers into users whose attention and help is often welcomed by friends and family of victims (especially when cases are solved via social media, as with the 2004 murder of Deborah Deans). The True Crime Junkies Facebook group is one of many places in a vast digital landscapeincluding the WebSleuths site, which launched in 1999, and Reddits r/TrueCrimewhere thousands of like-minded crime enthusiasts can gather to dissect the finer points of, for example, blood evidence. The ripped from the headlines style of the Law & Order and CSI franchises have brought forensic crime scene analysis into our living rooms. Discussion groups picked up where the shows left off.

Something isnt right with this lady. Too many things dont add up.

It isnt uncommon for civilians to do legwork for lower-profile cases in advance of law enforcement, according to Boninsegna. Texas locals, some of them members of missing-persons Facebook groups, covered a wide swath of the Dallas suburbs with missing-person flyers. While going real lifepestering victims family members for updates or visiting their homes to gather evidencewas forbidden by the True Crime Junkies, posting flyers was a noninvasive way for members to get involved. Every case that we have followed that had an adult male, theyre kind of just put on the back burner. Women are different, and if theyre a mom, then they get a lot of media attention, Boninsegna said. I believe that most police officers dont take missing men particularly seriously.

This certainly seemed to be the case with Rendlen, at least according to Badra. The Colony Police department wasnt doing shit, she wrote in a July 18, 2019 post on Dallass NBC affiliate Facebook page; they say bcs [sic] he has his wallet on his pants theyd call them [sic] if they found him.

But in the days following Badras first post, things took a dark and strange turn. Her claims began to morph. She first characterized her last interaction with Rendlen in the car as a normal conversation, and later wrote that Rendlen had a small psych fit of nonsensical ramblings. Badra couldnt remember where they had stopped just before Rendlen ran off, and the prior destinations she mentioned kept changing: Whole Foods, a Mexican restaurant, and a nature preserve more than 250 miles from The Colony. Drugs werent involved, then Badra claimed Rendlen had been on a bender.

The shifting stories made many True Crime Junkies suspicious. They began to scrutinize every detail: Badras alleged accidental melatonin overdose (impossible, many said) after Rendlen disappeared; the pregnancy claim; her recent marriage to Rendlen, which Rendlens mother, Laura, told the True Crime Junkies had not happened. Something isnt right with this lady, one member commented. Too many things dont add up.

As activity in the Rendlen True Crime subgroupwhich today has 5.3k membersgained steam, locals who had encountered the couple before Rendlens disappearance began to join, too. Xaviera Crockett, then a clothing-store manager in Plano, posted a photo her employees had taken of Rendlen and Badra just hours before his disappearance on July 14, 2019. Badras strange behavior had employees on alert, said Crockett. Shed entered the store barefoot, with her nipple hanging out of her wedding dress, and wandered in and out of the changing rooms, which she left a mess, in just her bra. One of the employees took the photo after Rendlen threw away a bottle of Clonidine, a blood-pressure medication, declaring, I wont need this anymore.

Members of the subgroup started speculating about what had happened to Rendlen. Some thought he had fled and was hiding out, others blamed Badra. She killed him was a frequent comment. People flocked to the threads; choruses of any update? followed. Moderators cautioned the group to respect the Rendlens privacy and not to go real life. But word had spread. Badras Instagram posts were flooded with comments. WHERE IS ETHAN? What did you do to him??

Phil LaFayette, Rendlens best friend, was also wondering what had transpired between Rendlen and Badra before his disappearance. For years, he had watched as his smart and savvy friend fell further under Badras influence. Rendlen and LaFayette, both science-minded kids, grew up across the street from one another in Glen Ellen, IL, and Rendlen went on to earn a degree in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois in 2014. He always wanted to be a chemist, LaFayette said. To him, it was the closest thing to doing magic, to being a wizard.

Rendlens relationship with Badra had worried LaFayette from the start. At first, Rendlen was unusually cagey about his new girlfriend, and then what he did say about her was concerning. Badra was a successful molecular biologist from a wealthy Brazilian family, Rendlen first told LaFayette, but he later revealed that she sought drugs by moving from ER to ER to avoid detection, and bought research chemicals off of the dark web. LaFayette would later find out that the two had been introduced by a former friend who allegedly met Badra during a stay at an inpatient psychiatric facility.

LaFayette was confounded by Badras ability to manipulate his intelligent best friend. While she professed to have a large inheritance, and would treat Rendlen to fancy meals and new electronics, Badra was often in financial crisis and relayed fantastical stories about familial strife involving political corruption that she said prevented her from accessing her funds. Rendlens father, Jeffrey, recalls that Badra said she would gain control of her funds when she turned 31, which was in September of 2017. And then the line was, oh, Im not really 31, Im really two years younger. Jeffrey Rendlen said he asked his son, youre buying this?

The couple was evicted from an apartment in 2018, and eviction notices were filed for their Texas apartment at the time of Rendlens disappearance in 2019. Badra had also, according to LaFayette, allegedly borrowed $10,000 from Rendlen, who filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy shortly before his disappearance.

Rendlens family found that Badras stories ranged from implausible to impossible. Determining fact from fiction was legitimately difficult, says Chelsea Rendlen, Ethans sister. There was a kernel of truth in everything. It was so hard to make heads or tails of any of it. But Rendlen seemed to believe everything. During a pause in their relationship, Badra alleged that she had been kidnapped by masked men who mutilated her and left her for dead. The story grew more outlandish from there.

Rendlen told LaFayette that the kidnappers had forcibly cut the unborn child from Badras body in a deserted cornfield. Chelsea and Laura Rendlen got a slightly different version of events from Badra. She said she had lost the baby, but that it had cured her cancer, Chelsea recalled. Laura added, I was told that she was pregnant with Ethans child, and got taken outslave-tradedto a farmhouse, that they stabbed her and so she lost the baby. But the stem cells cured her. None of them believed these stories. It just gets to the point where its not about reason or facts anymore, said Chelsea of her brothers relationship. Rendlen told LaFayette that he loved Badra and thought he could save her.

It was a maddening situation for the family. Rendlen was unable to see what those who loved him found obvious: he was being conned. But, like any good scam, Badras had begun with developing a powerful psychological hold over Rendlen. Those mechanics of manipulation dont happen overnight, said Alexandra Stein, a visiting research fellow at London South Bank University who specializes in the study of cults and dangerous social relationships. This is a process. You get the initial come-on, which is very nice and flattering, and creates rapport and starts building trust.

Badras seeming generosity with her inherited money, coupled with constant tales of distress, made for a persuasive lure: a love-bomb, in which the victim is showered with attention, affection, and sometimes gifts. Rendlens appointment as a knight in shining armor to her constant distress was the clincher. Badra also kept Rendlen isolated from his family, managing to convince him that he had been molested as a child by a relative. Scammers work with fear, Stein explained. A corollary relatedness is urgency: if you dont help me now, Im going to lose my child, my house, my life. And also the threat that you might lose a relationship that purports to be beneficial to you, but is actually causing you chronic stress. That creates a trauma bond. All of these things work to prevent you [from] using your systematic thinking.

This girl is telling him crazy things, and hes just eating it up. Somethings gonna happen; something bad is gonna happen.

Family and friends were hopeful whenRendlenwho had mostly held short-term positions as a quality technician and geotechnical engineerlanded his dream job as a chemical engineer after he and Badra moved to Texas in 2018. He was like, I finally made it, bro, LaFayette said. He had his own cubicle, they gave him his own company credit card. His bosses were coming to him with projects to work on. They wanted his direct input and he was so excited about that.

Then Rendlen called LaFayette with the news that he and Badra were moving to Florida. The details of the plan didnt seem to track. Badra, with no prior experience, was planning to set up a real-estate business, backed by a mysterious uncle who suddenly wired her inheritance payments. Rendlens burgeoning career would be left behind. This is the part that really got me because it was so unlike Ethan, LaFayette remembered. He told me he was going to drop everything and he was going to try and be a crab fisherman. I said, Ethan, thats crazy The fact that he would be willing to drop his childhood dream to be a crab fisherman? It was insane. This girl is telling him crazy things, and hes just eating it up. Somethings gonna happen; something bad is gonna happen.

That phone conversation was less than a week before Rendlen disappearedone ofseveral strange calls that had his family and LaFayette concerned and confused. A few days before he had gone missing, Rendlen called his father and told him that he had been robbed at knifepoint in his apartment and needed emergency money. After Rendlen had disappeared, Badra called Laura Rendlen in tears. Rendlen had wanted to call off the wedding, she said. This was news to the family, who had not heard about any plans to marry. (Though, according to Rendlens past relationship status updates on Facebook, the pair had already married in 2018).

Now, 900 miles away in Illinois, LaFayettes mind was spinning. Something bad had happened. His best friend was missing, and nothing about the circumstances made any sense. The primary source of information was Badrauntil Rendlens family and Lafayette joined the True Crime Junkies group. Rendlen, LaFayette would learn, had not been Badras first mark.

In just 24 hours after its creation, the Rendlen True Crime Junkies group was buzzing with information. Most of it was about Badra.

Members and admins posted their finds in rapid fire succession. One was an archived GoFundMe from 2013 that Badra had allegedly launched to pay for various medical bills. She listed seizures, bone marrow issues, cancer, and a blood-clotting disorder as her diagnoses, and raised $1,100 of her $7,000 goal, according to an archived page. Users surfaced multiple social-media profiles with photos of Badra under a variety of names (many of them derivatives of her legal name), and several hints at pregnancy Badra had made on Instagram in 2017 and 2018, not to be mentioned again. In all of the posts, not one, have I seen her actually pregnant, one True Crime Junkies member commented. What is happening to these babies (if she is actually pregnant)? Several members also discovered that photos Badra had included in a Facebook post of the 87-acre house she and Rendlen were allegedly purchasing were of a $55 million dollar home in Floridas affluent Gables Estates.

Alice, who did not want their real name used, was watching as this unfolded. Alice had known Badra, not as Tatiana, but as Anya, a creator of online support groups for Brazillian survivors of sexual assault and eating disorders. Badra was also, Alice contends, a ruthless cyberbully. From 2007 through 2012, Badra formed secret groups in which she would routinely leak nude photos of friends and acquaintances, and instigate online fights. In all of these groups, Badra would solicit money for medical treatments that she seemed not to have undergone, according to Alice and multiple sources who knew her during this period.

I went from thinking, my friend Anya has big boyfriend problems to all of Anyas boyfriends have big Anya problems.

On July 24th, 2019, Alice made a post in the True Crime Junkies and other Facebook groups alleging that Badra trashed the Chicago apartment they shared briefly in 2012, did not seem to work or attend school, and told elaborate lies. I have received, over the years, messages of her boyfriends... and others that came after telling me how they felt victimized bye [sic] her, how she scammed them of THOUSANDS of dollars, got them hooked on drugs, was hooked on drugs, faked pregnancies, faked suicide attempts, etc etc, Alice posted to the Facebook group. Shes not a cancer survivor... she's currently an American resident because of her fake story of being a survive [sic] of abuse, shes dangerous, abusive and manipulative.

After Alice spoke out, the dam broke. Screenshots from other social-media platforms surfaced, posted by the True Crime Junkies members, and more of Badras former acquaintances began commenting in post threads about their own alleged experiences. Many were from Badras ex-boyfriends, and followed a similar pattern of dubious pregnancies and medical conditions, chronic drug use, threats, manipulation, and stolen money.

I went from thinking, my friend Anya has big boyfriend problems to all of Anyas boyfriends have big Anya problems, Edward Grabowski, a former friend of Badras, wrote in a comment thread. Grabowski had known Badra for about a year between 2012 and 2013, during which time he gave her money, bought her a phone, and helped her after chemotherapy treatments that he said turned out to be fabrications. Grabowski alleged that Badra had been heavily abusing Norco (a pain reliever) and Klonopin (a benzodiazepine), and routinely used hospitals as her sources for these drugs.

While most most of her ex-associates had known Badra as Anya, shed also gone by Tatiana Nikolaevna, Pippa Althofen, Tatiana Lyubov, Tatiana Lebedeva, Aniia Lilya, Lilja L., Stazia K., and Lavinia Badra.

In ten years, 34-year-old Badra may have been at least ten different people. As Anya, she was a chemotherapy patient. As Aniia, she engaged in discussions on DNA and racial purity on the white-supremacist website Stormfront. Tatiana Lebedeva was a radical feminist; Pippa Althofen a sugar baby.

Badra also appears to have been involved with identity fraud. Documents obtained by VICE indicate that she has been associated with at least six different Social Security numbers. Some belong to other people entirely, according to database records. In my 30+ years of conducting tens of thousands of background investigations, I have rarely seen this many SSNs linked with a single subject, wrote the private investigator who reviewed the documents for VICE, via email. I cant definitively say that she is committing fraud, but the fact that she is associated with so many... unexplained SSNs seems to lend credence to the fact that it could be for fraudulent purposes.

Most of these identities shared a history of dramatic claims: tragic beginnings as an orphan in radiation-riddled Chernobyl, then her adoption by a wealthy Brazilian family into an elite, pampered childhood marred by various forms of abuse. Badra claimed to have genius abilities in science and music, which brought her to study first in London and then the United States. Then there was the inheritance, with a spiteful uncle presiding over her funds. Badra also said she had been a model, a cancer survivor, and the mother of a young daughter back in Brazil. At various points, she claimed she was working at high-paying jobs as a financial analyst, a senior sales engineer, and multilingual translator. She was about to become a doctor.

Very little of this would turn out to be true. Chernobyl, cancer, and her work history were all allegedly fictions, as several of her former friends had confirmed years ago after speaking with Badras adoptive mother. None of the schools she claimed to have degrees fromNorthwestern University, University of So Paulo, and The University of Texas, Dallashave records of Badra having attended. While Badra was adopted at birth, she, according to several sources who allegedly confirmed this with Badras mother years ago, was not born in Ukraine. Former close friends say Badra had no signs of the significant scarring and other physical trauma that would have resulted from the forced removal of a fetus via amateur C-section (just an appendectomy-like scar above her right hip of about two inches, according to one ex-boyfriend). And as the True Crime Junkies had suspected, Badra and Ethan Rendlen were never legally married.

Con artists give us a complex sort of villain, an antihero: even if a con artist is a wholly unsympathetic character, theres titillation to be found in their gumption.

When con artists start out online, it begins a grooming process to actually desensitize you to some of the things that come after that, said Martina Dove, author of The Psychology of Fraud, Persuasion and Scam Techniques. By the time you are asked for money, or asked to believe something thats ludicrous, you're invested. You know somethings wrong, but you just cant pull back.

The internet was Badras home base for a reason: in an online relationship of any kind, intimacy is built quickly. She was able to be anyone on social media with little effort, forging connections online before transitioning them to in-person meetups. As soon as those around her became more than casually suspicious, Badra would be onto the next identity, and her next set of marks, leaving the shells of her former selves behind in abandoned accounts, purged blogs, and a handful of avatars.

While the intricacies and intimacies of a scam are what hooks a victim, these are also the elements that simultaneously hook us: the readers, the viewers, the writers. Scams have all the markers of a good dramamystery, suspense, plot twists, and bad guys.

Con artists give us a complex sort of villain, an antihero: even if a con artist is a wholly unsympathetic character, theres titillation to be found in their gumption (and, in some cases, outright genius). Scammers, according to Alaleh Kamran, a Los Angeles-based criminal defense attorney with 30 years of experience, are smart enough to have succeeded in any area, but one-upping the systemtheres a thrill to that. Even more compelling is the razor-thin line between brazen and foolish, which works out better for some than others, particularly those preying on less-sympathetic victims.

Anna Sorokin, better known as Anna Delvey, rose to notoriety, if not outright fame, after bilking socialites, celebrities, the Beekman Hotel, and other bastions of luxury out of $275,000 by pretending to be the heiress to a $70 million trust fund. Her story fascinated the public and news outlets dubbed 2018the year multiple stories about Sorokin brokeThe Summer of Scam. This bizarre twist on underdog popularity led to an Anna Delvey episode of HBOs Generation Hustle, followed by a life rights deal with Shonda Rhimes for her upcoming film Inventing Anna starring Julia Garner. Even her victims did well; Rachel Deloach Williams, a former photo editor whom Sorokin stuck with a $62,000 hotel bill, wrote a tell-all that made TIMEs best 100 books list for 2019. Sorokin, who served just under four years in prison, doesnt seem at all derailed by her life of crime. She was paid $320,000 for her story ($45,000 more than she stole) and seems to be enjoying life on the outsideat least it appears so on her Instagram.

But as much as we love to watch someone like Delvey buck the system andall things consideredwin, focusing on the moment when a scheme absolutely fails can be even more of a thrill. This set-up is at the heart of shows like ABCs The Con, which premiered in October of 2020 to 2.6 million viewers and is narrated by Whoopi Goldberg. The more spectacular the scam, the harder the fall; in Episode 5, we learn how 50-year-old Anthony Gignac, raised in Michigan, managed to convince the richest in Miami that he was a Saudi prince by affecting an accent and a flashy style. Gleefully, Goldberg details the undoing of this ruse: a replica diplomatic license plate Gignac affixed to his car, which he bought online for $79.

There might be a hint of gleeful schadenfreude when scammers like Delvey or Gignac scam the ultra rich, using outrageous tactics to do so. But there are, of course, much more sobering cases of deception.

On July 23, 2019, Phil LaFayette and Laura Rendlen arrived in Texas, determined to find something that would lead them to Ethan Rendlen. Nearly two weeks had gone by since his disappearance, and there had still been no communication from him. They spent most of their time driving from location to location, trying to find a match based on Badras versions of events. Five days later, the two left Texas to return to their jobs, without a conclusive answer.

It took four Dallas localsall civilians, who had connected via a now-defunct Facebook group on Rendlens caseto put it together. One of them was Amber (who did not want her last name used), then a substitute teacher and off for the summer. Amber was able to spend several days in her car, driving to any location on her GPS that matched Badras limited descriptions. On July 26th, she was able to locate the car wash, the gas station, and the bar where Rendlen had last been seen and verify, with others, that Badra had been there. Another civilian helping with the searchwho did not wish to be identifiedspoke to several people who had seen the couple. The car wash guy said, yeah, there was this couple here, they were fighting, [and] he ran off that way towards the woods, Amber said. They were both high as a kite. She runs around looking for him, trying to find him, basically all night. And they cant find each other.

The group located the embankment, behind a gas station, that Badra had mentioned, and notified the Dallas police. Responding officers did not see any direct evidence linking Rendlen to the area, but passed the information on to The Colony Police Department. The officers urged the search team not to return to the area, which they said was an extremely dangerous hotspot for drug activity.

On July 29th, 12 days after Rendlen had disappeared, The Colony police located his body in the embankment. The case was then turned over to the Dallas police department. The girlfriend stated that her [sic] and the comp [Rendlen] were in the area of Rosemeade Pwky [sic] and Marsh Lane using drugs on 7/14/19, reads page 10 of the Dallas Police incident data sheet Report for Rendlens case, obtained by VICE. The girlfriend states that her [sic] and the comp had gotten into a verbal dispute and he got out of the vehicle and left walking in an unk [sic] direction. In the report, Badra seemed to have a better recollection of their last known location than she had previously admitted.

The last Chelsea and Laura Rendlen saw of Badra was on August 3rd, 2019, when they went to gather Rendlens personal items from his and Badras apartment. That day, Badra, wearing a red wig, biked up to the apartment complex, and the building manager, who denied Badra access to the apartment due to the eviction notice, notified the Rendlens. The manager said shed been going around burying Ethans stuff all weekend, Laura recalled. They called the police, and watched from the street as Badra was arrested on four open warrants for traffic violations (no other charges seem to have been filed against her).

This was Badras only arrest during this time period, and, according to police records, she spent less than an hour in police custody. We have heard from one of the detectives we are working with that she was released into the custody of a police officer, said Chelsea. And thats kind of where that part of the information ended.

Sergeant Jay Goodson of The Colony Police Department and Detective Guy Curtis of the Dallas Police Department, both of whom were assigned to the case in their respective departments, did not respond to repeated interview requests. There was no indication from the police report provided to VICE whether or not Badra was ever under investigation by law enforcement.

Rendlens death was ultimately ruled as accidental/unknown by the medical examiner, whose final sign-off on the autopsy was dated October 30th, 2019. Part of the problem is because of decomposition, and the length of time, even the medical examiner said that drowning cant be ruled out, said Anita Zannin, a forensic scientist, who reviewed documents pertaining to Rendlens case for VICE. Once the organs start autolysingturning to mush, essentiallyits harder to make those determinations. Their hands are kind of tied when the medical examiner comes up with accident as manner of death.

Yes, I did rebuild my life away from her. I try my very best to forget that ever happened to me.

After Rendlens body was found, Boninsegna and her True Crime Junkies admin team received private messages from more victims, many of whom wished to remain anonymous. Some alleged they had been coerced into providing Badra with money, others that they had been blackmailed into purchasing items for Badra, who had threatened to make false allegations against them to police.

Francis Silva, Badras ex-husband, thought she was likely connected with Rendlens death. Their relationship, which began online in 2006, resulted in disaster. Silva alleges he discovered she was lying about a cancer diagnosis and threatened to divorce her, to which Badra responded with a false domestic violence claim against him in order to obtain a Green Card via asylum. On July 10, 2012, Badra sent him an email in which she confessed to having fabricated the abuse. So be it, I lied about what happened, she wrote. I perjured myself. I was angry, I was scared I LIED AND I TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY. Silva did not respond. In August of 2012, Badra rescinded the charges, for which Silva had been indicted by the Texas District Attorney at a grand jury trial in 2011.

While there have been a battery of accusations leveled against Badra by her former friends and romantic partnerslies, theft, coercion, physical abuseshe has never been formally charged with any of these crimes in either Illinois or Texas. None of the ex-associates who spoke with VICE have brought charges. Yes, I did rebuild my life away from her, Silva said of his experience with Badra. I try my very best to forget that ever happened to me.

Badra declined an interview request for this article. I apologize, but no, she wrote via email, calling the allegations against her Absolut (sic) insane, all of it. She did not deny involvement in Rendlens death, which she described as a tragic accident and the worst trauma I carry with me, for many reasons. Badra was adamant that the online discourse surrounding the case had been particularly hurtful and damaging after such a loss. I could spend forever talking about him and how much I miss him and love him, and what type of person he was, Badra wrote. These people, these sleuths, have caused me enough grief for enough lifetimes already.

When VICE reached out to Badra again for comment in this article, she denied using multiple Social Security numbers, stating: Ive obviously never used anyone elses SSN other than my own. In a follow-up email, she declined to comment any further. I have retained legal counsel and have been advised by my attorney to not make any statements to you. You and your editor should be hearing from them soon, she wrote. We never heard from legal counsel on Badras behalf.

In the months after Rendlens death, bits and pieces of information about Badra surfaced sporadically in posts in the True Crime Junkies groupan arrest for D.U.I.; photos of an Amazon package addressed to her old Texas apartment; a stay at an ayahuasca retreat. Behind the scenes, Boninsegna and her moderation team received more private messages from those who had encountered Badra.

In August of 2020, longtime friends Davis Trent, then 26 years old, and Tiffany Harris, who was 25 years old, came forward with harrowing accounts of having met Badra, known to them as 28-year-old Anya Audi (Badra was 34 at the time). They had learned Badras true identity from a misplaced medical form, and a Google search led them to the True Crime Junkies group. When Trent and Harris called The Colony Police Department with this information, they said they were told that Badra was dangerous and to change the locks to their apartment.

I watched him die, they said she would say, over and over. I watched Ethan die.

Trent claims that, while he was under the influence of ketamine, Badra convinced him that he had been molested by a family member (as she had with Rendlen), and that she played him interviews with serial killers like Ed Kemper and 911 calls of rapes in progress. She comes up with these outlandish, horrifying lies about people, then plants them in your brain while youre tripping, Trent said. And you've got to understand that she didnt just say things. She has done her research. She knew terminology that she could use to make you think it was real. Harris also alleged that Badra dosed her with methamphetamine, and then psychologically manipulated her.

But even more peculiar is that both Trent and Harris relay Badras recounting of Rendlens death. On several occasions, they said she broke down completely, bursting into uncontrollable bouts of tears to confess that she had witnessed his last moments. I watched him die, they said she would say, over and over. I watched Ethan die.

As of this writing, Badra uses Tatiana on Facebook Dating, where she claims to be 29 years old, and Tanya (a diminutive for Tatiana) on Instagram. On both platforms, she has claimed Jewish familial lineage, despite her past activity on Stormfront and Catholic upbringing (an event program obtained by VICE lists Badra as completing her first Holy Communion in 1997). Occasionally, Badra will post about Rendlen. Davis Trent found her Reddit account still logged in on his computer (the account was also sent to VICE by another independent source and deleted after VICE reached out for comment). I was present when my fianc had a psychotic break and made a run for it, Badra wrote in r/eyeblech, a subreddit dedicated to gore and post-mortem photographs. Some absolute psychopaths on Facebook gave me the gift of spamming my email with his autopsy photos. (The Dallas Police Departments Open Records Division was able to confirm the release of autopsy records, but not the requestors identity).

Even recently, Badras life, as she recounts it, is filled with stories of high drama and suffering. Members of the True Crime Junkies group posted screenshots of Badra celebrating the sixth month of a pregnancy on her Instagram account, a claim that most members suspected was untrue. But on March 3rd, Badra posted a photo of her newborn daughter, born 19 months after Rendlen went missing, to her Instagram.

The True Crime Junkies started buzzing again. I believe it is her baby and hope that being a mother at last for real will make her change her ways, one member commented. Others were less optimistic. Oh snap! another member wrote. I was team shes faking this pregnancy!

A few weeks later, Badra wrote a sobering post about her babys hospitalization for seizures. Still no answers to the why of the epilepsy, it read. We have an appointment with genetics on Monday to go over the epilepsy gene panel, then neuropeds on Wednesday. Send good vibes her way!

RF Jurjevics does research consulting work for a New York City-based private investigator. They were previously a staff writer at the San Diego Reader, and have written for Allure, GOOD, and Real Simple.

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Fungi foray: Wild mushrooms are a key part of food chain – Farm and Dairy

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:23 am

Originally, the word foray meant an invasion or raid, usually with the goal of plundering. More recently, its come to mean exploring an unfamiliar subject or activity. But for mushroom enthusiasts, the word has special meaning. A foray is any time they get together and learn about their favorite fungi, as 20 or so people did at Scenic Vista Park, south of Lisbon, Ohio, July 11.

As he has for the past 20 years, Walt Sturgeon, of East Palestine, brought samples and answers to questions to the parks pavilion. Having researched and written books about them for the past 45 years, hes become a nationally known expert on mushrooms.

Sharon Parrish, of Salem, said she had a lot of mushrooms growing near the many oak trees in her backyard. Squirrels eat them, and she was worried that her dog would, too. She picked the mushrooms to try to keep them from spreading, but that didnt work, she said.

Youre picking an apple from a tree, Sturgeon said metaphorically. Youre not destroying the organism.

He explained that the mycelium, the network of fungus that produces mushrooms, is like a giant spider web that seems to go on forever, unseen because each strand is only as wide as a single cell. More than 8 miles of these cells can be found in a cubic inch of soil.

These networks are mostly underground, but they can also grow on dead wood, tree roots and other surfaces. If the mycelium has enough to eat and the weather is right, it will make mushrooms, which are the fruit of the fungus.

The mushroom is just the tip of the iceberg, Sturgeon told his audience. Picking it just removes the fruit, not the mycelium fibers that can live for years, even decades.

Having grown up on a farm south of Alliance, Ila Oyster wondered if pasture mushrooms are good to eat, and what, exactly, are puffballs?

Ive eaten mushrooms all my life, said Oyster, who now lives with her husband, Ken, in Kensington. They were always a treat for me.

Sturgeon remembers eating pink-bottom mushrooms, which he called a second cousin to the store-bought varieties, that he picked from the pasture as a kid. But not all mushrooms that grow in pastures are edible, he said, so its important to identify them first.

Puffballs are mushrooms that contain millions of spores. Theyre edible when theyre white, but if dark green or purple, they will burst at the slightest touch and send spores all over. He compared puffball flesh to tofu and recommends cooking it in garlic butter or frying it with bacon.

Another participant wanted to know about the mushrooms that look like big fans and grow on trees. Sturgeon said those are called artist conk and make great material for painting and etching. They can span a foot or more and grow bigger each year, making rings like trees.

But these mushrooms are even more dense than the wood they grow on, and are only edible for beavers, he said. Mushrooms have symbiotic relationships with trees, he said, especially those that have needles or nuts.

In northeast Ohio, beech and oak trees are likely to have mushrooms growing with them, as well as birch, aspen, willow and cottonwood.

The tree provides carbohydrates that the fungus uses for food. The mushrooms break down material and provide minerals and nutrients to the trees. Sturgeon said. Its a give-and-take process. Without mushrooms, we wouldnt have healthy trees.

Mushrooms are a good food source for insects, snails and turtles as well as some mammals, like squirrels and deer.

Theyre all tied together, he said. Mushrooms are a critical part of the food chain.

Oddly enough, theres no scientific definition for mushrooms; theyre just macrofungi, as opposed to mini fungi, like yeast. More than 2,000 species of mushrooms have been documented in Ohio, but Sturgeon thinks the real number is closer to 3,000. Many types of mushrooms have not been studied or given names yet, he said.

That seems to be one of the goals of new groups of mushroom enthusiasts, who call mycelium the wood wide web. Hot mushroom topics online include mycoremediation, looking into fungi as a way to clean up toxic waste and other environmental problems, and radical mycology, investigating its ability to help the environment and human beings, as in medicine.

Both new and old fans of the fungi agree that identifying mushrooms before eating them is crucial. Some mushrooms are edible, and quite tasty, while others are edible but awful. The compact Russula he brought tastes fishy and stinks, while one thats called Bradley, in West Virginia, also tastes fishy but is delicious, he said.

Some mushrooms are toxic, and a few are deadly. Sturgeon said that In northeast Ohio, there are two common species that can kill you: Destroying angel, which is all white, and deadly galerina, also called autumn skullcap, that have brown or yellowish tops. Other varieties may not be fatal, but can make you very sick, including some of the so-called hallucinogenic mushrooms.

After eating 10 or so, you may find that your digestive system shuts down, he said.

The problem is, so many edible varieties resemble toxic ones, and vice versa. Thats why Sturgeon puts a skull and crossbones at the top of pages describing toxic varieties in his field guides. Poison control centers call Sturgeon often, mostly for kids, sometimes for dogs. Hes also on the Poisons Help: Emergency Identification for Mushrooms & Plants page on Facebook.

Sturgeon said in these cases, its important for parents to send good photos of the suspect mushroom. Pictures should show the cap, both from the top and underneath; the stem, and any other parts, plus one that is cut in half. The insides of some mushrooms turn blue, green or other colors when exposed to air, as Sturgeon demonstrated in his talk.

Unfortunately, panicked adults in these situations often arent thorough in their photography.

Its frustrating when they only have photos of vomit, or a mushroom thats in pieces, Sturgeon said.

Identifying mushrooms is so important, theres even an app for that. Sturgeon spends a lot of time looking at photos of mushrooms that people post on iNaturalist, sometimes identifying 100 or more a day. The site also has maps showing where those kinds of mushrooms have been found.

Of the edible varieties, morels are probably his favorite mushrooms, along with the American parasol. Sturgeon emphasized the need to always cook mushrooms. Even some types of morels will make you sick if you eat them raw, he said. Sturgeon also likes chanterelles, with their bright orange color and many wrinkles.

They taste fruity and have a nice smell, like apricots, he said.

Some people candy them and put them on ice cream or sorbet, but he just adds some maple syrup or honey after cooking them in butter.

Morels and hen-of-the-woods, called sheepshead locally, are the prizes around here, but chanterelles are catching on, he said.

Sturgeons dad took him mushroom hunting as a kid, but he really got interested in the 1970s when his wife, Trish, got him a mushroom book for Christmas. He joined the North American Mycological Association and the Ohio Mushroom Society, where he found a mentor.

He used to shoot photos of mushrooms on film and mail them to his mentor, who would mail back the identifications.

Among the books and field guides hes authored are Mushrooms of the Northeast and Appalachian Mushrooms: A Field Guide. Those in the southeast corner of Ohio can be a little different than those in the rest of the state, like the cauliflower mushroom that grows on conifers.

But theres also a big overlap, he said. Mushrooms dont know borders.

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Epigenetics: Conducting The Symphony Of Genetics – Forbes

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:21 am

Epigenetics is like a symphony conductor, who with just a gesture of the baton, conveys the message ... [+] to quiet the strings while turning up the horns. The symphony as a whole remains intact, but the sound changes entirely.

For all the hype, fear and misinformation that surrounds the application of gene editing, there is an equally powerful technology that offers much the same in potential benefit. This technology, epigenetics, is a natural process that has gone largely unremarked by consumers.

Yet epigenetics is introducing incredible promise in the search for ways to deliver sustainable food to a growing population on a planet increasing challenged by climate change.

Its time for an examination of epigenetics and the opportunities it brings, in contrast to GMO and gene editing technologies. The overall epigenetics market is projected to grow to a$35 billion market by 2028, largely on the basis of human health products in diagnosis and treatment. Yet the application of epigenetics to crop enhancement, animal health and aquaculture may be closer to fruition. Lets explore what we see as significant (if underappreciated) opportunities.

A simple explanation of epigenetics

Lets start with genetics, the study of genes, the DNA code containing the instructions to cells to create the many functions of the organism. The human genome contains about 3 billion base pairs of DNA the code that makes each person unique. This DNA code resides in every cell, essentially the same code in every cell in your body.

Epigenetics explains how the same DNA code can guide some cells to behave differently from others. Epigenetics studies the chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and direct the actions to turn a specific gene on or off expressing or silencing a gene.

Think of a symphony orchestra. Epigenetics would be the conductor, who with just a gesture of the baton, conveys the message to quiet the strings while turning up the horns. The symphony as a whole remains intact, but the sound changes entirely.

The term was coined in the mid-twentieth century by British biologist Conrad Waddington, who used it to describe the way cells gradually take on more specialized roles during the development of an embryo how some cells become blood, others bone and still others turn into nerves, for example. The prefix epi comes from the Greek and means on top of or above. So in this word,epigenetic, it describes the factors beyond the code that regulate the activity of the cells.

But importantly, throughout epigenetic changes, the DNA sequence never changes.

In Nobel-prize winner Paul Nurses new book,What is Life? Five Great Ideas in Biology, he explains epigenetics as the set of chemical reactions that cells use to turn genes either on or off in fairly enduring ways. As part of his chapter on Life as Information, he continues: These epigenetic processes do not change the DNA sequence of the genes themselves; instead, they often work by adding chemical tags to the DNA, or to the proteins that bind to that DNA. This creates patterns of gene activity that can persist through the lifespan of a cell and sometimes even longer, through many cell divisions.

Epigenetic changes are especially important because they are naturally occurring and happen continuously. Epigenetics is different from gene editing, which makes an irreversible alteration in DNA sequence by removing or inserting DNA. In some cases, like in a GMO or genetically modified organism, DNA from another source may be added. But epigenetic changes do not alter DNA and can happen in a reversible way, although some epigenetic changes can persist into later generations.

A new tool

In recent decades, weve learned about other factors that influence epigenetic switches, such as age, behavior, and environment, for example. Additionally, now we know the chemical processes that can turn a specific gene on or off DNA methylation, histone modification, acetone methylation and RNA interference or RNAi are the most common.

A particular breakthrough occurred whenDr. Sally Mackenzie, professor at Penn State University, found a plant gene, MSH1, that can trigger a plant to behave as though it is under stress. The reprogrammed plant invokes the mechanisms to manage its growth, producing greater resilience. When these epigenetically impacted plants are bred or grafted, their offspring produce higher yields and greater resiliency too.

Dr. Mackenzies findingsbecame the basis for the companyEpicrop Technologies Inc., which is one of the companies in which my firm, TechAccel, has invested. Our relationship with Epicrop has produced two subsidiaries that are advancing Dr. Mackenzies method to produce reprogrammed canola and berry crops with higher yields and greater resiliency. (More about this later.)

Why now

The introduction of CRISPR and other gene editing tools opened new opportunities for breeding and trait selection, fueled by the rapid development of ultra-high throughput sequencing technologies and their sharply declining costs. These same technologies support the blossoming study of the epigenome. With each new advance, we come closer to understanding the on-off switches in the genome that can increase yield, combat stress, enhance flavor or nutrition, retard spoiling or aging, and influence many more characteristics.

The use of epigenetics has become more popular for another reason: the friendlier regulatory environment. Since epigenetic changes occur continually, naturally, there is a lesser role for regulatory oversight than in gene-edited or GMO products. The epigenetic process doesnt change the genetic code, the only engineering is the method to induce a gene to switch on or off.

And there are advances in applying epigenetic inducements in an accelerated way, vastly faster than conventional cross-breeding techniques.Sound Agriculture, for example, has a novel and relatively simple oligonucleotide-based strategy for epigenetically silencing individual genes. (Sound Ag is another of TechAccels select investments and a partner in proof-of-concept studies in grape.)

New frontiers for epigenetics

The combination of advancing new methods of activating or silencing genes, the availability of high-speed sequencing for phenotypic analysis, and the likelihood of a simpler regulatory route to market are all factors that make epigenetics so promising.

Beyond that, there is a wide horizon of opportunity, with work underway in many fields for social and environmental benefit:

Agriculture:Significant advances have already been achieved in understanding how to use epigenetic modifications to improve a plants resistance to pathogens and stress, making it more able to adapt to heat and drought. RNAi, which Ivepreviously discussed, has been successfully applied to increase protein content, suppress starches, increase flavonoids and confer pesticidal benefits.

Behind the sunflowers, a field of epigenetically enhanced canola grows in field trials in North ... [+] Dakota.

In our own epigenetics programs, we are focused on two crops: the strawberry, which is notoriously vulnerable to soil-borne pathogens and limited in environmental range, and canola. In the strawberry, epigenetic breeding with selection for environmental stability, enhanced disease resistance and additional phenotypes is an attractive non-GMO alternative to enhance complex traits. In canola, a crop of growing importance (global demand estimated to reach 250 million tons by 2025, up from 150 million in 2015), we focus on improving yield.

Aquaculture:Research is exploring methods of using epigenetics toconfer heat tolerance to coral reefs, as well as improving feed andselecting traits for adaptation to pathogens, disease and impacts of climate change. The idea is totailor the fishto its aquaculture environments, and so maximize commercial production in a safe, effective and sustainable way.

Animal health:Livestock nutrition is an emerging area for epigenetic research, examining ways to help animals increase their nutrient uptake or better process feeds. Additionally, the entire application of epigenetics to inducing desired traits is an important area of discovery. As noted in a recentFrontiers journal article, Epigenetics is also attractive for animal breeding because it may help identifying part of the missing causality and missing heritability of complex traits and diseases.

In addition to these research areas, applications from human health in precision nutrition and personalized medications, monitoring of disease, and therapeutic treatments (epidrugs) will almost certainly be modeled for other plant and animal species.

This is why epigenetics advances deserve more attention, from researchers, investors and consumers alike. Its worth educating consumers on the opportunities of epigenetics as a tool to build resiliency in the face of climate change. Its up to us to use all available tools to improve our food supplies in ways that nourish, sustain and protect our planet. The race is on.

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VolitionRX (VNRX) falls 1.19% in Light Trading on August 3 – Equities.com

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:21 am

Last Price$ Last TradeChange$ Change Percent %Open$ Prev Close$ High$ low$ 52 Week High$ 52 Week Low$ Market CapPE RatioVolumeExchange

VNRX - Market Data & News

VolitionRX Ltd (NYSE: VNRX) fell to close at $3.31 Tuesday after losing $0.04 (1.19%) on volume of 81,125 shares. The stock ranged from a high of $3.40 to a low of $3.28 while VolitionRXs market cap now stands at $175,074,880.

Volition is a multi-national epigenetics company developing simple, easy to use, costeffective blood tests to help diagnose a range of cancers and other diseases. Early diagnosis has the potential to not only prolong the life of patients, but also to improve their quality of life. The tests are based on the science of NucleosomicsTM, which is the practice of identifying and measuring nucleosomes in the bloodstream or other bodily fluid - an indication that disease is present. Volition is primarily focused on human diagnostics but also has a subsidiary focused on animal diagnostics.

Visit VolitionRX Ltds profile for more information.

The New York Stock Exchange is the worlds largest stock exchange by market value at over $26 trillion. It is also the leader for initial public offerings, with $82 billion raised in 2020, including six of the seven largest technology deals. 63% of SPAC proceeds in 2020 were raised on the NYSE, including the six largest transactions.

To get more information on VolitionRX Ltd and to follow the companys latest updates, you can visit the companys profile page here: VolitionRX Ltds Profile. For more news on the financial markets be sure to visit Equities News. Also, dont forget to sign-up for the Daily Fix to receive the best stories to your inbox 5 days a week.

Sources: Chart is provided by TradingView based on 15-minute-delayed prices. All other data is provided by IEX Cloud as of 8:05 pm ET on the day of publication.

DISCLOSURE:The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not represent the views of equities.com. Readers should not consider statements made by the author as formal recommendations and should consult their financial advisor before making any investment decisions. To read our full disclosure, please go to: http://www.equities.com/disclaimer

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NovaGenix Offers Treatments Through Hormone Replacement Therapy in Jupiter, Florida – Digital Journal

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:10 am

Jupiter, FL NovaGenix offers hormone replacement therapy services in Jupiter, Florida. For close to two decades now, the clinic has worked with many patients looking to lead healthy and fulfilling lives using its specialization in hormone replacement therapy, platelets rich plasma treatment, and anti-aging treatments. These services have proven to be essential in improving the quality of life among patients who visit the clinic, boosting their confidence levels, and getting their looks to where they want. The medical staff is trained to serve patients with extra care and dedication.

Often we get patients who come to us because they have testosterone levels in the bottom percentages of normal ranges and despite the fact that their testosterone levels are low, their primary care physicians will not prescribe them testosterone. The most common argument against it is usually youre within normal ranges.. When a 40-year-old man comes in with all of the signs and symptoms of Low T and levels that are in the bottom quartile, they should have the option to optimize their hormone levels to be with normal ranges for their age group that are reflective of the upper ranges for therapeutic TRT, said the clinics representative in a statement about their testosterone replacement therapy.

The team at NovaGenix knows that as men grow older, their testosterone levels fall gradually. This dip in testosterone levels is accompanied by a myriad of problems if not diagnosed and treated with the appropriate testosterone replacement therapies. The clinic has high-quality diagnostic equipment capable of diagnosing low testosterone levels in men as well as the rate of decline. With this information, the doctors at the clinic can draw up a Jupiter testosterone replacement therapy plan. The two main treatment methods offered by the NovaGenix Jupiter TRT clinic are testosterone injections and testosterone gel to be applied on the patients skin.

NovaGenix also has an effective remedy for estrogen and progesterone hormones. The doctors at the clinic are skilled in the administration of bioidentical hormone replacement where patients receive hormone medications whose chemical composition are identical to natural hormones produced by the body making them functionally similar.

All products administered by NovaGenix doctors are FDA-approved and safe for use. Other services offered by the clinic include weight loss therapies, erectile dysfunction treatment, and platelet-rich plasma treatment.

Clients who wish to find out more about the services offered by NovaGenix experts can do so by visiting the clinics website. For queries or to schedule an appointment, get in touch with a clinic representative at (561) 277-8260. NovaGenix is located at 609 North Hepburn Ave, Suite 106, Jupiter, FL 33458.

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Company NameNovaGenixContact NameMedia RelationsPhone5612778260Address609 North Hepburn Ave Suite 106CityJupiterStateFLCountryUnited StatesWebsitehttps://novagenix.org/

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Laurel Hubbard fails to medal but is still facing anti-trans attacks – LGBTQ Nation

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:10 am

Laurel HubbardPhoto: YouTube screenshot/Radio New Zealand

Laurel Hubbard became the first trans woman to compete at the Olympics this weekend by participating in the Olympic womens 78kg+ weightlifting competition.

She failed to medal, only successfully lifting and holding 1 of the 3 weights. Still, her participation has been historic.

Related: Soccer player Quinn becomes first out trans athlete to win a medal at the Olympics

Hubbard became the first transgender athlete to ever qualify for the Olympics in 2019, and was selected by New Zealands Olympic committee to the womens weightlifting team. That made her one of four trans Olympians that made the trip to Tokyo, including Canadian soccer player Quinn, American skateboarder Alana Smith, and American BMX competitor Chelsea Wolfe, as an alternate.

Right before the competition, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) fended off several requests to remove her from the Games despite qualifying. The IOC refused to.

Her participation has continued to be polarizing, however. At least one Olympian, swimmer James Guy of the United Kingdom, is under fire for transphobic remarks he made about Hubbard.

Resharing a report fromReutersafter Hubbard was named to New Zealands Olympic team, Guy responded to the news by saying, Hows that fair, adding that they should put me in the womens 100 fly then.

Team Great Britain nor Guy, who won three medals at the Games, have responded to the growing controversy and the tweet remains up. In fact, Guy has it pinned.

Other athletes at the Games have also declined to say anything positive about Hubbards participation there.

Hubbards participation, nonetheless, was both historic and inspiring. She suffered a major injury at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Australia, but came back to win the gold at the Pacific Games the next year.

Shes currently ranked 16th in the world in womens weightlifting, and several people ranked above her wont be at the Olympics because the number of athletes each country can send is being limited due to COVID-19 by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF).

Hubbard started her transition in 2012 after having previously competed in mens categories. She came back to competitive lifting in 2017, two years after the International Olympic Committee (IOC) changed its rules to allow trans women to compete if they have been on hormone replacement therapy for 12 months and have a low level of testosterone.

Hubbard said, though, that she would have qualified under the previous, more stringent IOC rules set in 2003.

Hubbard, who largely avoids the press and social media, spoke at a presser after the competition.

Im just so grateful that Ive had the opportunity to come here and be me, she said.

While happy to compete as her authentic self, Hubbard is mindful of the impact this has on other trans athletes.

I dont think it should be historical, Hubbard said, I think as we move into a, sort of new and more understanding world, people like me are just people, were just human.

I hope by just being here, that will be enough, she added.

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Hancock man advocates for national bone marrow and stem cell registry that saved his life – Monadnock Ledger Transcript

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:08 am

John Davy of Hancock marks two birthdays. The first isNov. 16, the day he was born in 1941. The second is Jan. 6,the day in 2014 when he received a lifesaving stem-cell transplantthanks to a complete stranger.

Now, John and his wife Sandhy Kale have become advocates for Be the Match, the national stem cell registry that found John his rare genetic match.

How often in the world do you get to save someones life? Davy asked. You fantasize about it sometimes. Heres an opportunity for anyone between 18 and 44 to do just that.

Davy said he began feeling abnormally tired sometime in 2013. One day, he walked to the mailbox, only a few hundred feet away from his front door, and had to stop several times on his way back to his house.

I said, Thats not me. Theres something off here, Davy said.

Davy went in to the hospital for some testing, and after a few false starts looking at his heart and running stress tests, doctors performed a Complete Blood Count, or CBC.

My blood count was so low, it wouldnt support life, he said.

Thats when Davy received his diagnosis. Myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, a form of blood cancer.

My first thought was, OK, what are we going to do about this? Davy said. Thats when the doctor told me there was no cure.

MDS cannot be cured through usual chemotherapy or radiation treatments. However, it can be treated with bone marrow or, as with Davy, the transplant of stem cells.

After receiving a second opinion, and speaking with a doctor experienced with stem cell transplants, Davy went on the national stem cell registry, known as Be the Match.

He was told he might have to wait upwards of a year before finding his match. But Davy got lucky in only three months, a viable donor joined the registry.

Davy knows little about the man who saved his life. He was 30 years old at the time, and a member of the United States military. Be the Match allows donors and patients to connect, if both sides are interested, but while John said he would love to shake the mans hand, his donor has wished to remain anonymous.

If I could speak to him, I would thank him profusely. For someone to be that generous, to donate to someone that hes never met, is astounding, Davy said.

Joining the Be the Match registry is as simple as swabbing a cheek.

Your genetic profile goes into the system, and, if donors are found to be a match to any patients waiting for transplants, only then are they called to go through the donation process.

There are two ways to donate stem cells. In either case, the donor will first undergo two injections to increase the production of their stem cells. In the first type of donation procedure, liquid bone marrow is extracted using a needle while the donor is under anesthesia. But the much more common way to donate used about 80 percent of the time is through a blood donation.

Similar to the process for donating plasma, the donor has blood drawn, it is cycled by a machine to remove only the stem cells, and the remaining blood is returned to the donor.

The recipient of the stem cells has to undergo a process to suppress their immune system, and the donated stem cells are given to the patient.

Because the immune system has to be repressed to accept the new cells, there is danger in the procedure, and even those who successfully accept the new stem cells can experience side effects of graft-verses-host reactions.

There is no guarantee, Kale said. This is a chance. You can take it if you want. Even if it buys you four or five years, you might get to see your kids graduating, your grandkids grow up. It was worth it to us.

And for Davy, they said, there was no other option. He accepted the risk, and said hes one of the lucky ones he had one minor reaction resulting in a rash across his chest, but overall, since his transplant, he has been able to resume a normal life. Today, seven years later, he is on no medications, and has no restrictions for how he can live his life.

It is that new lease on life that Davy said convinced himself and Sandhy that they had to become involved with Be the Match on a level besides being a recipient of their services. The two are now advocates for the system, traveling to drives to tell their story, and Davy acts as a support person for patients who may be recipients of transplants, telling them about what to expect in the process.

Its crucial, Davy said, to get as many people on the registry as possible. Because matches work on how genetically compatible two people are, people of similar ethnic backgrounds are more likely to match, and your ethnicity greatly impacts the likelihood of finding a good match.

White patients are the most likely to find a match within the system, at a rate of 79 percent. Native Americans have a 60 percent chance, Hispanic people a 48 percent, Asian 47 percent, and Black people only 29 percent.

Thats why Sandhy and I try to get as many people involved as we can, Davy said. The more people in the registry, the better chance you have.

Be the Match currently has a donor drive scheduled for Aug. 14 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at E. Paul Community Center at 61 South Street in Troy. To join the registry you must be between the ages of 18 and 44 and be in good general health, and committed to donating to anyone in need. If you cannot attend the physical drive, a free cheek swab kit will be mailed to you. If you are interested in a kit, text TroyFD to 61474.

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How Cells Use Memories of Past Inflammation To Respond to New Threats – SciTechDaily

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:08 am

Inflamed mouse stem cells located in the basal layer (red) of the epidermis and FOS (green), a near-universal stress response factor essential to inflammatory memory. Credit: Christopher Cowley

When a tissue experiences inflammation, its cells remember. Pinning proteins to its genetic material at the height of inflammation, the cells bookmark where they left off in their last tussle. Next exposure, inflammatory memory kicks in. The cells draw from prior experience to respond more efficiently, even to threats that they have not encountered before. Skin heals a wound faster if it was previously exposed to an irritant, such as a toxin or pathogen; immune cells can attack new viruses after a vaccine has taught them to recognize just one virus.

Now,a new studyinCell Stem Celldescribes the mechanism behind inflammatory memory,also commonly referred to as trained immunity,and suggests that the phenomenon may be universal across diverse cell types.

This is happening in natural killer cells, T cells, dendritic cells from human skin, and epidermal stem cells in mice, says Samantha B. Larsen, a former graduate student in the laboratory ofElaine Fuchsat The Rockefeller University. The similarities in mechanism are striking, and may explain the remitting and relapsing nature of chronic inflammatory disorders in humans.

When thinking about our immune system, we default to specific immunitythat cadre of T cells and B cells trained, by experience or vaccination, to remember the specific contours of the last pathogen that broke into our bodies. But theres a less specific strategy available to many cells, known as trained immunity. The impact is shorter-lived, but broader in scope. Trained immunity allows cells to respond to entirely new threats by drawing on general memories of inflammation.

Scientists have long suspected that even cells that are not traditionally involved in the immune response have the rudimentary ability to remember prior insults and learn from experience. The Fuchs lab drove this point home in a 2017 study published inNatureby demonstrating that mouse skin that had recovered from irritationhealed 2.5 times faster than normal skin when exposed to irritation at a later date.

One explanation, the Fuchs team proposed, could be epigenetic changes to the skin cell genome itself. During inflammation, regions of DNA that are usually tightly coiled around histone proteins unravel to transcribe a genetic response to the attack. Even after the dust settles, a handful of these memory domains remain openand changed. Some of their associated histones have been modified since the assault, and proteins known as transcription factors have latched onto the exposed DNA. A once nave cell is now raring for its next fight.

But the molecular mechanism that explained this process, and how the cell could use it to respond to types of inflammation and injury that it had never seen before, remained a mystery.

So the Fuchs lab once again exposed mice skin to irritants, and watched as stem cells in the skin changed. We focused on the regions in the genome that become accessible during inflammation, and remain accessible afterwards, says Christopher Cowley, a graduate student in the Fuchs lab. We call these regions memory domains, and our goal was to explore the factors that open them up, keep them open and reactivate them a second time.

They observed about 50,000 regions within the DNA of thestem cellsthat had unraveled to respond to the threat, but a few months later only about 1,000 remained open and accessible, distinguishing themselves as memory domains. Interestingly, many of these memory domains were the same regions that had unraveled mostprodigiouslyin the early days of skin inflammation.

The scientists dug deeper and discovered a two-step mechanism at the heart of trained immunity. The process revolves around transcription factors, proteins which govern the expression of genes, and hinges on the twin transcription factors known as JUN and FOS.

The stimulus-specific STAT3 transcription factor responds first, deployed to coordinate a genetic response to a particular genre of inflammation. This protein hands the baton to JUN-FOS, which perches on the unspooled genetic material to join the melee. The specific transcription factor that sounded the original alarm will eventually return home; FOS will float away as the tumult quiets down. But JUN stands sentinel, guarding the open memory domain with a ragtag band of other transcription factors, waiting for its next battle.

When irritation strikes again, JUN is ready. It rapidly recruits FOS back to the memory domain, and the duo charges into the fray. This time, no specific transcription factor is necessary to respond to a particular type of inflammation and get the ball rolling. The system unilaterally activates in response to virtually any stressalacrity that may not always benefit the rest of the body.

Trained immunity may sound like a boon to human health. Veteran immune cells seem to produce broader immune responses; experienced skin cells should heal faster when wounded.

But the same mechanism that keeps cells on high alert may instill a sort of molecular paranoia in chronic inflammation disorders. When the Fuchs lab examined data collected from patients who suffer from systemic sclerosis, for instance, they found evidence that JUN may be sitting right on the memory domains of affected cells, itching to incite an argument in response to even the slightest disagreement.

These arguments need not always be disagreeable, as animals benefit by healing their wounds quickly and plants exposed to one pathogen are often protected against others, says Fuchs. That said, chronic inflammatory disorders may owe their painful existence to the ability of their cells to remember, and to FOS and JUN, which respond universally to stress.

The scientists hope that shedding light on one possible cause of chronic inflammatory disease may help researchers develop treatments for these conditions. The factors and pathways that we identify here could be targeted, both in the initial disease stages and, later, during the relapsing stages of disease, says Cowley. Larsen adds: Perhaps these transcription factors could be used as a general target to inhibit the recall of the memories that cause chronic inflammation.

Reference: Establishment, maintenance, and recall of inflammatory memory by Samantha B. Larsen, Christopher J. Cowley, Sairaj M. Sajjath, Douglas Barrows, Yihao Yang, Thomas S. Carroll and Elaine Fuchs, 27 July 2021, Cell Stem Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.001

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Gliomagenesis is orchestrated by the Oct3/4 regulatory network. – Physician’s Weekly

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:08 am

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor characterized by developmental hierarchical phenotypic heterogeneity, therapy resistance and recurrent growth. Neural stem cells (NSCs) from human central nervous system (CNS), and glioblastoma stem cells from patient-derived GBM (pdGSC) samples and cultured in both 2D well-plate and 3D monoclonal neurosphere culture system (pdMNCS). The pdMNCS model shows promise to establish a relevant 3D-tumor environment that maintains GBM cells in the stem cell phase within suspended neurospheres. Utilizing the pdMNCS, we examined GBM cell-lines for a wide spectrum of developmental cancer stem cell markers, including the early blastocyst inner-cell mass (ICM)-specific Nanog, Oct3/4,B, and CD133. We observed that MNCS epigenotype is recapitulated using gliomasphere-derived cells. CD133, the marker of GSC is robustly expressed in 3D-gliomaspheres and localized within the plasma membrane compartment. Conversely, gliomasphere cultures grown in conventional 2D culture quickly lost CD133 expression, indicating its variable expression is dependent on cell-culture conditions. Critically, this experiment demonstrates incomplete differentiation of cytoskeleton microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs) of patient derived cells, similar to commercially available GBM cell lines. Subsequently, in order to determine whether Oct3/4 it was necessary for CD133 expression and cancer stemness, we transfected 2D and 3D culture with siRNA against Oct3/4 and found a significant reduction in gliomasphere formation. These results suggest that expression of Oct3/4,Aand CD133 suppress differentiation of GSCs.

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Insights on the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Global Market to 2027 – Key Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities – Yahoo Finance

Posted: August 5, 2021 at 2:08 am

Dublin, Aug. 03, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market - Size, Share, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2019 - 2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which multipotent hematopoietic stem cells sourced from peripheral blood cells, bone marrow, or umbilical cord blood are transplanted into the patient. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is commonly used in the treatment of lymphoma (Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin), leukemia, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and osteoporosis. It includes two transplantation sources; 1) autologous, that uses stem cells from the patient's own body, 2) and allogeneic that sources stem cells from a donor's body. According to World Health Organization (WHO), over 50,000 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures are carried out globally, every year and this number is expected to increase over the years.

Market Dynamics

The global hematopoietic stem cell transplantation market is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period owing to the increasing prevalence of leukemia and lymphoma. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the U.S., around 45,360 people were diagnosed with leukemia in 2013, leading to 23,549 fatalities (13,625 men and 9,924 women). According to the same source the condition is more prevalent among men than women. Leukemia accounts for around 3% of all new cancer cases.

Key features of the study:

This report provides in-depth analysis of the global hematopoietic stem cell transplantation market, market size (US$ Mn), and compound annual growth rate (CAGR %) for the forecast period 2020-2027, considering 2019 as the base year

It elucidates potential revenue opportunity across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrix for this market

This study also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approval, market trends, regional outlook, and competitive strategies adopted by leading players

It profiles key players in the global hematopoietic stem cell transplantation market based on the following parameters - company overview, financial performance, product portfolio, geographical presence, distribution strategies, key developments, and strategies

Key players covered as a part of this study are Pluristem Therapeutics Inc., CellGenix GmbH, Regen Biopharma Inc., Lonza Group, Kiadis Pharma, Taiga Biotechnologies, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Escape Therapeutics, Inc., Bluebird Bio, Talaris Therapeutics, Inc., Marker Therapeutics Inc., and Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd.

Insights from this report would allow marketers and management authorities of companies to make informed decision with respect to future product launches, government initiatives, technological upgradation, market expansion, and marketing tactics

The global hematopoietic stem cell transplantation market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry, including investors, product manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation market, research and consulting firms, new entrants, and financial analysts.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Research Objectives and Assumptions

Story continues

2. Market Overview

3. Market Dynamics, Regulations, and Trends Analysis

Market Dynamics

Drivers

Restraints

Market Opportunities

Impact Analysis

Key Developments

Pipeline Analysis

PEST Analysis

Reimbursement Scenario

Regulatory Scenario

Epidemiology

Government Initiatives

Treatment Algorithm

4. Impact Analysis of COVID-19

5. Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market, By Transplant Type, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Introduction

Market Share Analysis, 2020 and 2027 (%)

Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2017 - 2027

Segment Trends

Autologous

Introduction

Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Allogeneic

Introduction

Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

6. Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market, By Indication, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Introduction

Market Share Analysis, 2020 and 2027 (%)

Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2017 - 2027

Segment Trends

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Introduction

Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Other Non-malignant Disorders

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

7. Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market, By Application, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Introduction

Market Share Analysis, 2020 and 2027 (%)

Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2017 - 2027

Segment Trends

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

Introduction

Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Transplant (PBSCT)

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Cord Blood Transplant (CBT)

Introduction

Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

8. Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market, By Region, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Introduction

Market Share Analysis, By Region, 2020 and 2027 (%)

Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, By Region, 2017 - 2027

Regional Trends

North America

Market Size and Forecast, By Transplant Type, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Market Size and Forecast, By Indication, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

U.S.

Canada

Europe

Market Size and Forecast, By Transplant Type, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Market Size and Forecast, By Indication, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Million)

U.K.

Germany

Italy

France

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Insights on the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Global Market to 2027 - Key Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities - Yahoo Finance

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