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CAR T-cell therapy treatment helps cancer patient beat near impossible odds – ABC News

Posted: November 25, 2020 at 11:54 pm

A cancer patient who was given less than a two per cent chance of survival has beaten the odds thanks to a new treatment that alters patient's immune cells to recognise and fight cancer.

Troy Daley was the first person in Australia to trial CAR T-cell therapy to treat mantle cell lymphoma.

The 45-year-old's ordeal began when he discovered a lump in his groin during a shower in 2014 and went to his GP.

"The next thing I knew I was on the operating table having biopsies done and scans done," he said.

About a week later, he was diagnosed with Mantle cell lymphoma a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

When Mr Daley was initially diagnosed, his GP told him there was a 98 per cent chance he would be dead within the next six months.

"Telling the family's probably the hardest thing I've ever had to do," he said.

"I had a bit of a slack night that night and the next day I woke up and decided I was too young to fall over and got the gloves on."

Mr Daley was admitted to the Lismore Base Hospital for chemotherapy and received a stem cell transplant in Brisbane, but the treatments were not match for the aggressive cancer.

"(It) came back pretty quick, within sort of six to eight months it was a bit of a shock to everybody," he said.

Mr Daley's haematologist, Dr Dan Scott said he was put on cancer drug Ibrutinib, which worked initially, but after two-and-a-half years his condition progressed.

The next step would have been a bone marrow transplant, but despite a world-wide pool of donors no suitable match could be found.

With almost all the options exhausted, Mr Daley was registered with a clinical trial being done at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne.

"It was at a stage where we've got to have a go at something," he said.

"We're not going to sit back here and let the gods come and get me."

CAR T-cell therapy is a new form of immunotherapy that uses specially altered T-cells to directly and precisely target cancer cells.

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Dr Scott said the CAR T-cell trial was used in conjunction with ibrutinib to treat Mr Daley's cancer.

"That's what's been exciting and different about Troy's case is he's had access to this therapy, which is relatively unusual in this disease," he said.

Dr Scott said the results have far exceeded expectations.

He said a recent PET CT scan showed "no evidence of lymphoma".

"We've also done a bone marrow biopsy recent where we look under a microscope and look for any evidence of residual lymphoma and there was no evidence in Troy's case," Dr Scott said.

A third test, which involves looking for traces of lymphoma beyond a microscopic level, has also come back clear.

"At this point in time the results are as good as we could have ever hoped for," Dr Scott said.

Mr Daley said the results were "10 times better" than anyone could have predicted.

"Within 28 days we've had more success than we've had in five years," he said.

"We don't exactly know what the future holds but at this stage, for what I've been through I couldn't be any better."

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CAR T-cell therapy treatment helps cancer patient beat near impossible odds - ABC News

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CARsgen Therapeutics to Present Multiple Myeloma Cell Therapy Data at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition in…

Posted: November 25, 2020 at 11:54 pm

SHANGHAI, Nov. 20, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- CARsgen Therapeutics, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced that data from its global multiple myeloma program will be presented, including two oral presentations and one poster session, at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition, taking place virtually December 5-8, 2020.

Presentations will include updated safety and efficacy results from investigator-initiated clinical studies of CT053 and preliminary data from the ongoing Phase 1 and 1b/2 clinical studies of CT053 in China (LUMMICAR STUDY 1) and the United States (LUMMICAR STUDY 2). CT053 is an investigational anti-BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma.

Results from LUMMICAR-1: A Phase 1 Study of Fully Human B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Specific CAR T Cells (CT053) in Chinese Subjects with Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple MyelomaPresenting Author:Wenming Chen, MD, PhD, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDate/Time:Poster #1396, Saturday, December 5, 2020: 7:00 AM-3:30 PM PST

Results from LUMMICAR-2: A Phase 1b/2 Study of Fully Human B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Specific CAR T Cells (CT053) in Patients with Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple MyelomaPresenting Author:Shaji K. Kumar, MD, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNDate/Time:Oral #133, Saturday, December 5, 2020: 9:30 AM-11:00 AM PST

Two-Year Follow-up of Investigator-Initiated Phase 1 Trials of the Safety and Efficacy of Fully Human Anti-BCMA CAR T Cells (CT053) in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple MyelomaPresenting Author:Siguo Hao, MD, PhD, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDate/Time:Oral #132, Saturday, December 5, 2020: 9:30 AM-11:00 AM PST

About CT053 and LUMMICAR

CT053 is a CAR T-cell therapy that targets B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a protein expressed on the surface of malignant and normal plasma cells. The CT053 construct utilizes a fully human anti-BCMA scFv domain, hypothesized to reduce immunogenicity and improve safety. CT053 T cells are proposed to recognize, bind, and eradicate multiple myeloma cells that express BCMA.

CT053 has received regenerative medicine advanced therapy (RMAT) and orphan drug designations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and PRIority MEdicines (PRIME) and orphan drug designations from the European Medicines Agency.

CARsgen Therapeutics' clinical development program for CT053 includes the clinical studies: LUMMICAR STUDY 1 (NCT03975907 Phase 1, China) and LUMMICAR STUDY 2 (NCT03915184 Phase 1b/2, United States and Canada). These are open-label, multicenter studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of CT053 in adult patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. CT053 studies also include three investigator-initiated trials (NCT03380039; NCT03716856; NCT03302403). For more information, visit clinicaltrials.gov.

About CARsgen Therapeutics

CARsgen Therapeutics is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company committed to the development of first-in-class and best-in-class CAR T-cell and antibody therapeutics.

Founded in 2014, CARsgen is based in Shanghai, with operations in both China and the United States. CARsgen has established a broad pipeline of CAR T-cell product candidates covering several solid and blood tumors in areas of significant unmet medical need. The company has launched several first-in-class CAR T-cell clinical trials for the treatment of relapsed/refractory tumors, including CAR-claudin18.2 for gastric and pancreatic cancer, CAR-GPC3 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and squamous lung cancer and CAR-EGFR/EGFRvIII for glioblastoma. CARsgen also has ongoing clinical CAR T-cell programs with a humanized CAR-CD19 for leukemia and lymphoma.

For more information, please visit: http://www.carsgen.com

SOURCE CARsgen Therapeutics Co. Ltd.

http://www.carsgen.com

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CARsgen Therapeutics to Present Multiple Myeloma Cell Therapy Data at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition in...

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NYC schools to close again; 900 Mayo Clinic staffers infected; Pfizer to seek vaccine approval ‘within days’ – West Haven Observer

Posted: November 24, 2020 at 1:56 pm

The nations largest public school system will temporarily halt in-person learning again in an effort to stem the continued spread of COVID-19, according to New York City mayor Bill de Blasio.

The city previously said school buildings would close if 3% of all the coronavirus tests performed citywide over a seven-day period came back positive. Amid a nationwide surge in cases, that that milestone has been passed, triggering the closure.

New York Citys school system previously halted in-person learning in mid-March as the virus tore through the city. Now, all of the citys more than 1 million public school students will now be taught entirely online.

Also in New York, nearly 9,400 of the Metropolitan Transportation Authoritys subway, bus and commuter rail workers could lose their jobs next year if the federal government fails to come through with the $12 billion the agency says it needs to keep operating.

The hardest hit area could be the New York City subways and buses, which could lose nearly 7,000 jobs amid service reductions of up to 40% as the COVID-19 pandemic causes unprecedented reductions in ridership the MTA says could linger into the mid-2020s.

Todays numbers: The U.S. has reported more than 11.3 million cases and more than 248,500 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University data. The global totals: 55.5 million cases and 1.33 million deaths.

Mapping coronavirus: Track the U.S. outbreak in your state.

This file will be updated throughout the day. For updates in your inbox, subscribe to The Daily Briefing newsletter.

Pfizer and BioNTech plan to submit a request within days to the Food and Drug Administration for emergency-use approval of a vaccine they say has shown to be 95% effective in mass testing.

The companies hope to provide 50 million doses by years end and 1.3 billion doses in 2021.

Our objective from the very beginning was to design and develop a vaccine that would generate rapid and potent protection against COVID-19 with a benign tolerability profile across all ages, said Ugur Sahin, M.D., CEO of BioNTech. We believe we have achieved this.

Story continues

The vaccine effort is one of many racing the clock amid a surge in cases, hospitalizations and deaths. The Midwest continues to take a beating more than 900 staffers at the Minnesota-based Mayo Clinic alone have contracted COVID-19 in the past two weeks, the Pioneer Press reports.

It shows you how easy it is to get COVID-19 in the Midwest, Dr. Amy Williams. We need everyone in the communities we serve to do their part to limit the spread of COVID-19.

Thousands of people protesting German measures to slow the spread of the coronavirus rallied Wednesday outside barricades cordoning off Berlins government center as lawmakers debated a bill that would strengthen officials ability to impose restrictions. Police fired water cannons at demonstrators, saying the crowd refused to wear masks and keep their distance from one another. Police in riot gear moved through the crowd carrying away some protesters. Some demonstrators threw fireworks and flares in response. German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas reacted sharply to the accusation from some protesters that the measures were akin to the 1933 Enabling Act, which allowed the Nazis to enact laws without parliamentary approval.

Our democracy thrives through the exchange of different opinions, he wrote on Twitter. But whoever relativizes or trivializes the Holocaust has learned nothing from our history.

Delta Air Lines, hoping to nab a bigger share of wary travelers flying during the pandemic, is extending its policy of blocking middle seats to space out passengers on its planes. The airlines policy, previously set to expire on Jan. 6, will now be in place through March, a period that includes the usually busy spring break travel season. Delta is the lone U.S. airline to continue blocking middle seats well into 2021.

Bill Lentsch, Deltas chief customer experience officer, said in a statement Wednesday: We recognize some customers are still learning to live with this virus and desire extra space for their peace of mind. We are listening.

Dawn Gilbertson

Chinas government on Wednesday defended anti-coronavirus controls that have disrupted imports of beef, poultry and fish from the United States, New Zealand and other trading partners. Customs officials who say the coronavirus has been found on frozen meat and on packaging have imposed temporary suspensions on suppliers. That prompted complaints by Chinas trading partners. In June, China temporarily suspended the import of chicken from U.S.-based Tyson Foods Inc. after the virus was found at one of its farms. China was home to the first outbreak and has battled to avoid surges such as those experienced in the U.S. and elsewhere.

The relevant measures China took are necessary following the spirit of putting peoples lives first and protecting peoples health, foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said.

Dr. Anthony Fauci is urging Americans to think twice about traveling and having indoor gatherings for the holidays. During a meeting with USA TODAYs Editorial Board Wednesday, the nations top infectious disease expert said seemingly innocent family and friend dinner gatherings at home are where many infection outbreaks start.

The almost intuitive instinct (is) that when youre with people you know and no one appears to be physically ill, that its OK to congregate 10, 12 people for drinks or a meal, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases said. But its indoors because the weather is cold. Thats where were seeing these types of outbreaks.

Sara M. Moniuszko

Millennials, age 24 to 39, took on hundreds of billions of dollars in student debt only to graduate from college just as the Great Recession of 2007-09 was upending the economy. And now, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, theyre suddenly becoming the largest contingent of the sandwich generation, the cohort of adults providing financial and other support to both children and elderly parents. The pandemic has tipped more millennials into a juggling act of caregiving.

We think generally the situation with COVID has accelerated the trend, says Jeff Beligotti, vice president and head of long-term care solutions for New York Life. It has continued to financially squeeze the millennial generation.

Paul Davidson

Almost 1,000 staffers at the Mayo Clinic have contracted COVID-19 in the past two weeks, the systems dean of clinical practice says. Dr. Amy Williams said 93% of the infections took place away from work, and that most of the infections that took place at work involved eating in a break room with a mask off, according to the Pioneer Press. Williams also said the clinic is seeing more patients transferring in, an indication that hospitals elsewhere in Minnesota and surrounding states are overwhelmed because of this surge.

Everybody is getting very tired of wearing a mask and hearing about social distance, being told to wash their hands, but were doing this because we care about our communities, Williams said. We dont want families to lose loved ones.

Pfizer and BioNTech plan to submit a request within days to the FDA for emergency-use approval of their vaccine. The companies said their ongoing Phase 3 testing has found the vaccine to be 95% effective, up from a preliminary finding of 90%. The data also will be submitted to other regulatory agencies around the world, the companies said in a statement. The companies said they expect to produce up to 50 million vaccine doses globally by years end and up to 1.3 billion doses by the end of 2021. Experts say frontline healthcare workers are expected to be first in line for inoculation.

The Phase 3 clinical trial began on July 27 and has enrolled 43,661 participants to date, the companies said.

Pfizer, based in New York, appears to be just a step ahead of Moderna, a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based biotechnology company. Moderna announced Monday that its candidate vaccine appears to be 94.5% effective against the disease. It was not immediately clear when Moderna would seek FDA approval.

In less than a week, six members of Congress announced they had tested positive for COVID-19. Sen. Chuck Grassley, the 87-year-old Iowa Republican who is third in line to the presidency, spent much of Monday casting votes and attending a meeting with Senate Republican leadership that included Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. Grassley announced his diagnosis the following day. Rep. Don Young, R-Alaska, 87, who is frequently seen without a mask, was hospitalized for three days.

Ive been shot, Ive been rolled over, Ive been hit in the head a hundred times, but Ive never felt as bad as I did with the virus, Young told The Washington Post. This is not good.

Christal Hayes

South Dakotas high rates of COVID-19 and low virus regulation have sparked criticism even as some dying of the virus there dont believe it poses a real threat. Thats according to Jodi Doering, a South Dakota nurse who has gained national attention for her account of working on the front lines in a state where leaders have long minimized the impact of the virus and refused to implement rules like mask mandates. South Dakota and neighboring North Dakota have the highest per capita rates of COVID-19 infection and death in the nation.

I have a night off from the hospital. As Im on my couch with my dog I cant help but think of the Covid patients the last few days, Doering wrote in a recent tweet. The ones that stick out are those who still dont believe the virus is real. Read more here.

Joel Shannon

Minus 112 is so cold it shatters rubber, stresses metals and can protect whats expected to be the first COVID-19 vaccine. Pfizer and collaborator BioNTech have a vaccine they say is 95% effective and could be approved within a month, so the reality of moving and storing the life-saving vials is coming into sharp focus. Dry ice orders are spiking and the backlog to buy $15,000 medical-grade ultracold freezers is up to six weeks.

In the science world, its not that cold, said Tonya Kuhl, chair of the chemical engineering department at the University of California, Davis. But in the regular world, it certainly is. That temperature is really important in storage to keep things stable.

Elizabeth Weise

COVID-19 infections could result in immunity that could last for years, a new study indicates. The study, published online but not yet been peer reviewed, found that most participants in the study who had been infected with COVID-19 retained enough immune cells to fend off infection eight months later. That could indicate immunity may remain for years, the authors of immune memory study said.

That amount of memory would likely prevent the vast majority of people from getting hospitalized disease, severe disease, for many years, Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute of Immunology who co-led the new study, told The New York Times.

Hospitals are putting extra focus on preventing pressure injuries, known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, as coronavirus cases continue to rise across the country and ICU beds fill with critically ill patients. The National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) estimates pressure injuries affect more than 2.5 million patients each year and claim over 60,000 lives. Dr. William Padula, president-elect of NPIAP and professor at University of Southern California, worries that pressure injuries may increase this year amid estimates there could be up to 19,000 new COVID-19 hospitalizations per day by Dec. 7. Padula said pressure injuries can occur within hours of being in the ICU immobilized and on a ventilator.

The skin is the largest organ system, said Dr. Martine Sanone, associate professor of geriatrics and palliative medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. However, when we think of critical illness, we forget about that first barrier.

Adrianna Rodriguez

New coronavirus cases have surged to an all-time high at nursing homes across the country despite federal efforts to shield residents through aggressive testing and visitor restrictions, a new report shows. Federal data shows 10,279 COVID-19 cases during the week of Nov. 1, the most recent data available. The figures surpassed the previous high of 9,903 cases in late July, according to a report by the American Health Care Association and National Center for Assisted Living.

The surge in cases among the nations most vulnerable residents comes as cases, hospitalizations and deaths surge nationwide.

We have been begging people the last eight months to wear a mask, socially distance and to be careful, said Mark Parkinson, president and CEO of AHCA/NCAL. Unfortunately, the public has not listened or complied.

Ken Alltucker

Chicago Public Schools plans to welcome some students back into classrooms in January, officials announced Tuesday. Parents can decide whether they want to send their children to classrooms or continue remote learning. Students enrolled in moderate and intensive classrooms and pre-kindergarten are scheduled to return Jan. 11, 2021. Students in kindergarten through 8th grade will be back on Feb. 1. Officials have not announced a return date for high school students yet.

The Chicago Teachers Union strongly opposed the news, calling it arbitrary. But school officials believe children can safely return to classrooms, pointing to other states and some European countries that are keeping schools open despite a surge in COVID-19 cases.

Its our moral imperative to do everything in our power to safely open schools beginning with our youngest and highest-needs learners, said Chicago schools CEO Janice Jackson.

U.S. regulators on Tuesday allowed emergency use of the first rapid coronavirus test that can be performed and developed entirely at home. The FDA granted emergency authorization to the 30-minute test kit from Lucira Health, a California manufacturer. The companys test allows users to swab themselves to collect a nasal sample. The sample is then swirled in a vial that plugs into a portable device, that interprets the results and displays whether the person tested positive or negative for coronavirus.

A new American Alliance of Museums study released Tuesday showed that recent COVID-19 surges are doing a number on already-hurting museums. According to an October AAM survey of 850 respondents from across the USA about the continued impact of coronavirus on museums, millions of dollars are being lost with around a third of institutions facing permanent closure and job loss is mounting as nearly 30% of American museums remain closed since the March lockdown.

The financial state of U.S. museums is moving from bad to worse, Laura Lott, AAMs president and CEO, said in a statement. Those that have reopened are operating on an average of 35% of their regular attendance a reduction that is unsustainable long-term. Those that did safely serve their communities this summer do not have enough revenue to offset higher costs, especially during a potential winter lockdown. Without financial help, we could see thousands of museums shutter forever.

Montana Gov. Steve Bullock announced a new round of directives Tuesday, which will limit crowd size and close bars, restaurants and casinos at 10 p.m., in an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus. The new directives go into effect 5 a.m. Friday.

The situation is serious in Montana, and it is serious across the nation, Bullock said. We need to turn things around over the next few months while we wait on a widely distributed vaccine or else we risk hospitals that turn patients away and risk any further ability to control the spread.

Montana is among the 36 states with a mask mandate. What are the rules in your state? Check the list.

Phil Drake, Great Falls Tribune

Contributing: The Associated Press

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: COVID news: New York City schools to close again; Home test okd

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NYC schools to close again; 900 Mayo Clinic staffers infected; Pfizer to seek vaccine approval 'within days' - West Haven Observer

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TwinStrand Biosciences Licenses Duplex Sequencing Technology to Foundation Medicine – Chinook Observer

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

SEATTLE, Nov. 18, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --TwinStrand Biosciences today announced it has entered into a worldwide non-exclusive agreement to sublicense two foundational patent families to Foundation Medicine and its affiliates relating to TwinStrand Duplex Sequencing error-correction technology. Duplex Sequencing increases the accuracy of next-generation sequencing as much as 10,000 times, allowing the detection of ultra-low frequency mutations that would otherwise be hidden by technical noise inherent to the sequencing process.

"Staying at the forefront of innovative solutions toadvancecancer care iscentral toour commitment topatients," saidCindy Perettie, chief executive officer at Foundation Medicine. "We are excited to partner with TwinStrand to support doctors in making genomically-informed treatment decisions."

"This agreement validates the strength of TwinStrand's technology and intellectual property portfolio," said Dr. Jesse Salk, chief executive officer at TwinStrand Biosciences. "We are pleased that Foundation Medicine has partnered with us to use our patented technology to achieve the highest possible performance for liquid biopsy testing."

About TwinStrand Biosciences TwinStrand Biosciences is leading the way in identifying rare genetic variants that are undetectable by standard sequencing methods. The company's highly-sensitive and specific Duplex Sequencing technology delivers clearer insights to researchers and clinicians in applications ranging from residual cancer detection to genetic toxicology. This data can inform critical decisions in clinical medicine, public health and other fields of science on a faster timescale, where actions are most impactful. TwinStrand's scientist-leaders have authored more than a dozen peer-reviewed articles using Duplex Sequencing and have developed a portfolio of more than 70 patents and patent applications. The company has partnered with pharmaceutical companies, academic centers, clinical research networks and federal regulatory agencies to bring high precision genomics to the forefront of their science. For more information visitwww.twinstrandbio.com.

About Foundation Medicine Foundation Medicine is a molecular information company dedicated to a transformation in cancer care in which treatment is informed by a deep understanding of the genomic changes that contribute to each patient's unique cancer. The company offers a full suite of comprehensive genomic profiling assays to identify the molecular alterations in a patient's cancer and match them with relevant targeted therapies, immunotherapies and clinical trials. Foundation Medicine's molecular information platform aims to improve day-to-day care for patients by serving the needs of clinicians, academic researchers and drug developers to help advance the science of molecular medicine in cancer. For more information, please visit http://www.FoundationMedicine.comor follow Foundation Medicine on Twitter (@FoundationATCG). Foundation Medicine is a registered trademark of Foundation Medicine, Inc.

Media Contact: PR@twinstrandbio.com

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New Virtual Reality Tool, Domestic Cats are SARS-CoV-2 Carriers, Combination Therapy Advances: COVID-19 Updates – Bio-IT World

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

November 20, 2020 I St. Jude discovers hyperinflammatory pathway, hepatitis C drugs are potential treatment, non-human primate model identifies features of virus, IL-10 production is a marker for severity, recommendations on re-use of data, molecular structure of key E-protein, and early antibody evolution predicts outcomes. Plus: Disrupting SKI complex prevents viral replication, why COVID-19 spares children, and how smoking causes more severe infection.

Research News

Two collaborative studies, published in the journal Emerging Microbes & Infections, show that domestic cats can be asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, but pigs are not likely to be significant carriers of the virus. Researchers from Kansas State University conducted an in-depth study at the K-State Biosecurity Research Institute (BRI) and determined that domestic cats may not have obvious clinical signs of the virus, but they still shed the virus through their nasal, oral and rectal cavities and can spread it to other cats within two days. Authors of the study highlight its importance in understanding risks of animal to human transmission. DOI:10.1080/22221751.2020.1833687

St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital scientists have discovered the process behind the life-threatening hyperinflammatory immune response associated with COVID-19 and potential therapeutics to disrupt this process. In mice models, they determined a combination of two cytokines that triggered this inflammatory cell death pathway: TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Neutralizing antibodies against these cytokines are currently used to treat inflammatory diseases, and researchers found that treatment with these antibodies protected mice from death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and other inflammatory conditions caused by cytokine storm. These findings are published in Cell. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.025

In a new study, published in JACC: Basic to Translational Research, researchers used publicly available gene expression data to determine how COVID-19 impacts cardiovascular tissue and endothelial cells. They determined that cardiorenal tissue and endothelial cells express higher or comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 associated genes to those found in the lungs or airway epithelium, supporting the hypothesis that COVID-19 may infect the vasculature. DOI:10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.09.010

Research led at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) has identified three drugs that can potentially be repurposed for treatment of COVID-19. Based on virtual and in vitro experiments conducted at the UTHSC Regional Biocontainment Laboratory (RBL), the researchers found zuclopenthixol (an antipsychotic drug), nebivolol (an antihypertensive drug), and amodiaquine (an older antimalarial) to be good candidates for future clinical trials. They found these three drugs to act similarly to hydroxychloroquine, in some cases safer, and efficacy may be improved with combination therapy using remdesivir. This research is published in ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. DOI:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00131

In vitro combination therapy of remdesivir and human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2) shows promising results for the treatment of COVID-19 in a new study led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet. The research group tested this drug combination in cell cultures and organoids and found a reduced viral load of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibited viral replication. They achieved these results with a relatively lose dose of each drug, which reduced toxicity and risk for potential side effects. The authors of this study, which is published in EMBO Molecular Medicine, hope these findings will lead to successful clinical trials for combination therapy. DOI:10.15252/emmm.202013426

New research led at UCLA reveals how smoking causes more severe COVID-19 infection in the airways. The research team used a model of airway tissue created from human stem cells that were donated from the lungs of five young, healthy nonsmokers and exposed the airway cultures to cigarette smoke. The group then infected the cigarette smoke exposed cultures with SARS-CoV-2, along with cultures that were not exposed to smoke. The researchers found that the cultures exposed to smoke had two to three times more infected cells and determined that the blocking of interferons due to smoking was the cause for this finding. This study is published in Cell Stem Cell. DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.010

SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies likely provide protection against reinfection of the virus, according to new research from the University of Freiburg. The scientists examined characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells and determined that they differentiate into memory T-cells that are comparable to the flu. The authors of the study, published in Nature Medicine, are confident that this immunological memory means that vaccines currently being tested will provide significant protection against COVID-19. DOI:10.1038/s41591-020-01143-2

Experiments led by researchers at the Department of Energys Oak Ridge National Laboratory have identified hepatitis C drugs with the potential to treat COVID-19. The team performed an X-ray study that revealed promising results for the hepatitis C drugs boceprevir and narlaprevir, which exhibited the ability to bind and inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease that enables the virus to reproduce. The study also discovered the proteases ability to change or adapt its shape according to the size and structure of the inhibitor molecule it binds to. This research is published in Structure, and the team suggests consideration of hepatitis C inhibitors as potential repurposing candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. DOI:10.1016/j.str.2020.10.007

A nonhuman primate model developed at the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) has identified features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that may help in vaccine development and treatment for COVID-19. The research team showed in this primate study that the virus causes vascular inflammation and that this persisted for 3 days following infection. They also confirmed immunosuppression as the viral load increased during the first 2 days of infection and observed rapid replication of the virus in the upper and lower respiratory tract for the first 2 days, followed by a rapid decrease with no viral activity detected 7 days post-infection. These findings are published in the Journal of Infectious Disease. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiaa486

Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers have uncovered why COVID-19 seems to spare children. The research team identified an enzyme, called TMPRSS2, that allows the virus to gain entry into airway epithelial cells and is found at lower levels in children. In the study, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, the researchers obtained and analyzed human lung specimens collected from donors of different ages and found that the expression of TMPRSS2 went up significantly with age. The team also analyzed autopsy samples for three patients who died from COVID-19 and found the virus in three types of cells that express the enzyme. Drugs that block TMPRSS2, which have been approved for the treatment of prostate cancer, are currently being tested clinically as a potential treatment for COVID-19. DOI:10.1172/JCI140766

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) production may act as a marker for severity of COVID-19, finds new research published in Clinical and Translational Immunology. A team of immunology experts examined immunological features associated with the development of severe COVID-19 disease by comparing the immune system response to COVID-19 in patients showing mild to moderate or severe symptoms, using a subset of healthy individuals as a control group. The researchers, surprisingly, found few differences in T cell response in the blood of severe COVID-19 patients when compared to the healthy individuals. They did, however, identify a significant increase in T cells producing IL-10 in patients with severe disease compared to the healthy group. The authors note that larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings. DOI:10.1002/cti2.1204

Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified new drug compounds to potentially treat novel coronaviruses, such as COVID-19. The study, published in PNAS, found that disrupting the SKI complex prevents the virus from replicating, which essentially destroys it. The team also identified compounds that target the SKI complex which not only inhibit coronaviruses, but also influenza and Ebola. The authors of the study hope these findings lead to development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2012939117

Early antibody evolution may predict COVID-19 patient outcomes, according to new research published in Cell. The study used a systems serology approach to profile the antibody responses of 193 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compared responses from patients with moderate and severe disease to those who died. Researchers found that all patients developed antibodies against the virus, but patients who passed away never fully developed an antibody response. In those died, there was a significant defect in the development of IgG antibodies and stunted development of the antibodies ability to strongly bind to Fc-receptors, which consequently never triggered a strong immune response against the virus. The team also found that of the survivors, the immune system recognized and targeted the S2 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, suggesting a previous exposure to other coronaviruses and pre-existing immunity. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.052

New research from Georgetown University Medical Center demonstrates the use of RNA molecules to successfully shut down the production of destructive proteins produced by COVID-19. The team showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) and silencing RNAs (siRNAs) can target messenger RNA inside a virus. SARS-CoV-2 uses messenger RNA to generate proteins essential for replication and infection. The authors of the study note that this ability to target the virus within cells, particularly through siRNA, could help shut the virus down. The researchers are working to aerosolize the RNA molecules to incorporate in an inhalable drug that would interfere with the production of the protein spikes associated with infectivity of the virus. This work is published in Gene Therapy. DOI:10.1038/s41434-020-00210-0

University of Bristol scientists have developed and demonstrated a new virtual (VR) reality tool, called Narupa, that allows researchers to virtually test COVID-19 drug candidates. In the study, published in the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, the team created a 3D model structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and used interactive molecular dynamics in VR to visualize molecules binding to the enzyme in atomic detail. Their results showed that users were able to show how a drug molecule fits within the enzyme. The tool is an open source software framework that uses readily available VR equipment and enables virtual collaboration in the global fight against COVID-19. DOI:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01030

The common D614G mutation may make SARS-CoV-2 more susceptible to a vaccine, finds a new study published in Science. Researchers of this study confirmed that this most common strain, which emerged in Europe, replicates and transmits quickly and efficiently but the mutation to the spike protein also makes it more sensitive to neutralizing antibody drugs. Hamster models investigating the original strain from China and the mutated strain showed that the mutated strain replicated about ten times faster and was more infectious, but the researchers did not find the mutated strain to cause more severe disease. The team explained that the D614G mutation also alters the spike protein in a way that creates a more vulnerable pathway to the virus core. DOI:10.1126/science.abe8499

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientists have discovered the molecular structure of a key protein found in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This protein, named the envelope E protein, acts as an ion channel and plays an important role in viral replication and activation of the host cells inflammatory response. The MIT researchers also studied the binding sites of two drugs, amantadine and hexamethylene amiloride, that block the entrance of the E channel, but these drugs only bind weakly to the E protein. The authors of this study, published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, hope these findings help medicinal chemists to design new drugs that target this channel with high affinity. DOI:10.1038/s41594-020-00536-8

Researchers in China have developed a rhesus macaque model that mimics SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans via the nasal route. The study, published in PLOS Pathogens, revealed viral shedding in the nose and stool for up to 27 days and progression from mild disease to marked interstitial pneumonia, both of which resemble the manifestations of COVID-19 in humans. The research team also found that T-cells played an important role in viral disease progression and cytokine changes in the respiratory tract triggered inflammation, noting that treatments and vaccines should focus on these immune responses. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008949

A new study, published in PNAS, reveals models that detail binding and, for the first time, unbinding mechanisms that play key roles in the immune system response. The computational analysis shows the unbinding of peptides from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with atomic resolution. The research team found that in these secondary interactions, position 4 plays an important role in the stability of the complex and their model was able to predict the effect of mutations. The researchers believe that this work will have an impact on the fight against COVID-19, as the SARS peptide they investigated is very similar to the peptide in SARS-CoV-2, with the same binding pockets in positions 2, 4 and 9. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2007246117

Industry News

XPRIZE and Cognizant have announced a Pandemic Response Challenge that aims to safely reopen societies and restart economies through the power of data and artificial intelligence. Based on technology and AI models developed by Cognizant, and using data compiled by the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, competing teams will build data-driven AI models that predict local COVID-19 transmission rates and prescribe intervention and measures to minimize infection rates, as well as negative economic impacts. This four-month competition will award a total prize of $500K at its conclusion. Press Release

In a special December issue, SLAS Discovery will feature research focusing on drug discovery efforts toward the COVID-19 pandemic. The issue will include four reviews that cover the commonly utilized approach of repurposing drugs to rapidly treat SARS-CoV-2, as well as targeting the virus using new vaccines and clinical drugs. The article, High-Throughput Screening for Drugs that Inhibit Papain-Like Protease in SARS-CoV-2, explores how an ultra-high throughput screening platform targeting PLPro was used to investigate over 13,000 clinically applicable drugs, and another article of original research tests drug-like ligands for their efficacy against the MAC domain of SARS2 Nsp3, a novel approach. Press Release

The December issue of SLAS Technology will feature a special collection of articles addressing COVID-19 and focuses on the advancing technological innovations being used to address the novel coronavirus. The special collection includes seven articles of original research, in addition to two reviews and the featured cover article, Advances in Technology to Address COVID-19. Press Release

The Governance Lab (GovLab) at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering has released recommendations for the re-use of data in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The guidance and a new Responsible Data Re-Use framework stem from The Data Assembly initiative in New York City. The GovLab co-hosted four months of remote deliberations with civil rights organizations, key data holders, and policymakers and this newly published release is the product of this combined effort to guide New York decision-makers on potential costs and benefits of re-using data while considering the sometimes contradictory needs of various stakeholders. Press Release

The Wellcome Sanger Institute and the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) have received funding from the Department for Health and Social Care Testing Innovation Fund to expand whole genome sequencing of positive SARS-CoV-2 virus samples to track how COVID-19 is spreading and mutating. Since March 2020, COG-UK has generated more than 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, made available to the public and making up over 45 percent of the global total. The Sanger Institute has rapidly established new sequencing pipelines and developed supporting software to sequence and analyze the virus samples. The genomic data will be used to monitor the virus as new vaccines are deployed and identify any mutations that may impact vaccine efficacy. Press Release

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New Virtual Reality Tool, Domestic Cats are SARS-CoV-2 Carriers, Combination Therapy Advances: COVID-19 Updates - Bio-IT World

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Bad Ideas: The Industries on Innovation’s Chopping Block – ETF Trends

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

Today, the global economy appears to be undergoing the largest technological transformation in history. As technologies emerge and transform entire industries, investors in traditional benchmarks may face more risk than historically has been the case.

In the upcoming webcast, Bad Ideas: The Industries That Could Be Disrupted by Innovation, Tasha Keeney, Analyst, ARK Invest; and Matt Murphy, Vice President, National ETF Sales, Resolute Investment Managers, will seek to identify the industries and sectors most at risk of disintermediation and disruption and size investors current exposure to those areas.

ARK Invests flagship ARK Innovation Fund (NYSEArca: ARKK) seeks to invest in the cornerstone companies taken from healthcare, technology, and industrial sectors that focus on investing in disruptive innovation. Such companies may include ones that benefit from big data, cloud computing, cryptocurrencies, the sharing economy, genomic sequencing, molecular medicine, agricultural biology, 3D printing, energy storage, and autonomous vehicles.

The actively managed fund includes companies that merge healthcare with technology and capitalize on the revolution in genomic sequencing. These companies try to better understand how biological information is collected, processed, and applied by reducing guesswork, enhancing precision, and improving our quality of life.

The technology component focuses on the next generation of internet names. These tech companies benefit from the shifting bases of technology infrastructure to the cloud, enabling mobile, infrastructure and services, internet-based products and services, new payment methods, big data, the internet of things, and social distribution and media.

Lastly, the industrial exposure covers a so-called new industrial revolution or advances in autonomous vehicles, robotics, 3D printing, and energy storage technology that are enhancing productivity, reducing costs, and transforming the manufacturing landscape.

Investors can look to theARK Industrial Innovation ETF (NYSEArca: ARKQ), ARK Web x.0 ETF (NYSEArca: ARKW), and ARK Genomic Revolution Multi-Sector Fund (NYSEArca: ARKG) to target the three innovative segments separately. The ARK Industrial Innovation ETF captures the converging industrial and technology sectors, capitalizing from autonomous vehicles, robotics, 3D printing, and energy storage technologies. The ARK Web x.0 ETF targets next-gen internet innovations like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, cryptocurrencies, and blockchain technology. Lastly, the ARK Genomic Revolution Multi-Sector ETF tracks the convergence of tech and health care.

ARK Invest has also come out with the ARK Fintech Innovation ETF (ARKF) to help ETF investors capitalize on the burgeoning fintech industry that provides innovative financial solutions in a digital age. ARKF invests in equity securities of companies that ARK believes are shifting financial services and economic transactions to technology infrastructure platforms, ultimately revolutionizing financial services by creating simplicity and accessibility while driving down costs.

Financial advisors who are interested in learning more about disruptive industries can register for the Wednesday, November 18 webcast here.

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Molecular Testing With Universal Method Comparable to Traditional Method in Hereditary Solid Tumors – Targeted Oncology

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

In multiple solid malignancies, including breast, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, there is a subset of patients with a hereditary predisposition for these diseases, but the current testing criteria do not mention this subset. In an effort to provide more information of genetic testing in this population, a study of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) patients was conducted to test the traditional guideline-based method of testing versus universal testing of a broad cancer patient population over a 5-year period.

A total of 7235 patients were included in the analysis and tested for 76 to 88 cancers. Through this study, investigators uncovered pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 7.5% (95% CI 6.6%- 8.4%) of 3,341 patients with breast cancer, 17.4% (95% CI, 14%- 21.6%) of 384 those with ovarian cancer, 13.5% (95% CI, 9.8%- 18%) of 252 patients with colorectal, and 8.8% (95% CI, 5.1%-14.8%) of 136 patients with pancreatic cancer.

Overall, the study found that testing with universal method was comparable to the guideline-based method, implying that universal testing can expand genetic testing to patient populations who are in need but are currently underserved.

In an interview with Targeted Oncology during the 2020 Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) Annual Meeting, Ozge Ceyhan-Birsoy, PhD, assistant directorof the Laboratoryfor Molecular Medicine, MSKCC, discussed genetic testing methods for patients with hereditary predisposition and the molecular research underway at MSKCC to improve testing in this patient population.

TARGTED ONCOLOGY: In recent years, what advances have we see in cancer genetics?

Ceyhan-Birsoy: There have been significant advances in the range of genetic testing options for cancer patients in recent years. More patients are now able to receive molecular testing on their tumors to identify optimal targeted therapies for their cancer and germline genetic testing to uncover hereditary cancer predisposition. A paired analysis of tumor and normal DNA is increasingly being adapted, which improves the interpretation of both somatic and germline mutations. Additionally, incorporation of RNA analysis has expanded the scope of mutations that can be detected and characterized. Finally, the use of cell-free DNA now allows us to profile a patients tumor using only their blood.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY: How can hereditary predisposition inform oncologist for care/treatment decisions?

Ceyhan-Birsoy: Identifying hereditary mutations that predispose patients to cancer has important implications for their treatment and management. There are established targeted therapies available now for certain germline defects. For instance, germline mutations in certain homologous recombination and mismatch repair genes can predict response to PARP inhibitor and immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapies, respectively. Some therapies may pose high risk for patients with particular gene mutations, such as radiation therapy risks for patients with germline TP53 mutations. In addition, identifying hereditary cancer predisposition is critical to allow timely surveillance and prophylactic interventions for future cancers that the patient may be at higher risk of developing. As germline mutations are heritable, this information provides the opportunity for early surveillance in the patients family members, as well.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY: Can you explain how this MSKCC study came about?

Ceyhan-Birsoy: Genetic testing for hereditary cancer predisposition is traditionally performed in a guideline-dependent and targeted manner. In current practice, only patients who meet established criteria from national and professional organizations receive genetic testing and typically get tested for a small number of genes selected based on their tumor type, age of onset, and family histories. MSKCC has been 1 of the first institutes to pilot a universal testing approach for cancer patients, providing comprehensive germline testing of all known cancer predisposition genes without pre-selection of patients based on traditional genetic testing criteria. We have been performing both targeted and universal testing for our patients since 2015.

In this study, we aimed to understand how the yields (positive rates) of these 2 testing approaches compare to each other in greater than 4000 patients who had traditional and more than 9,000 patients who had universal testing at MSKCC in the past 5 years. We also assessed whether universal testing identified additional findings that would have been missed in a targeted testing approach for any given patient.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY: What are the key results of this analysis?

Ceyhan-Birsoy: We saw that universal germline testing without preselection of patients based on current guidelines yielded comparable rates of positive results to traditional guideline-dependent testing approach, particularly in patients with breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. In addition, universal testing uncovered mutations that predispose to other cancers in about 9% of patients in genes that are not routinely tested for their diagnosis. Approximately half of those conferred high to moderate risk to cancer and about 40% of them implicated early surveillance or prophylactic surgery recommendations to prevent other cancers.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY: What is a key takeaway from your AMP 2020 presentation and explain the implications of these findings?

Ceyhan-Birsoy: Our results suggest that the preselection of patients for genetic testing based on the current guidelines may not significantly increase the likelihood of identifying a germline mutation in certain patient populations. A universal and comprehensive testing approach further provides the benefit of identifying hereditary risk for other cancers, allowing early surveillance and prophylactic interventions.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY: How can this information be applied in oncology clinics?

Ceyhan-Birsoy: Our study underlies the advantages of universal and comprehensive testing for cancer patients. However, there are many challenges that may limit the application of this approach for all cancer patients, including the cost of testing, resources needed to provide pre-test and post-test genetic counseling to patients, and the potential to discover more variants of uncertain significance that may lead to higher number of inconclusive results. Future efforts should be dedicated to providing wider groups of cancer patients access to genetic testing, which can aid in their clinical care and in the care of their family members.

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Epigenetics and pulmonary diseases in the horizon of precision medicine: a review – DocWire News

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

This article was originally published here

Eur Respir J. 2020 Nov 19:2003406. doi: 10.1183/13993003.03406-2020. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Epigenetic mechanisms represent potential molecular routes which could bridge the gap between genetic background and environmental risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is emerging evidence of aberrant epigenetic marks, mainly including DNA methylation and histone modifications which directly mediate reversible modifications to the DNA without affecting the genomic sequence. Post-translational events and microRNAs can be also epigenetically regulated and potentially participate to disease pathogenesis. Thus, novel pathogenic mechanisms and putative biomarkers may be detectable in peripheral blood, sputum, nasal and buccal swabs, or lung tissue. Besides, DNA methylation plays an important role during the early phases of fetal development and may be impacted by environmental exposures, ultimately influencing an individuals susceptibility to COPD, asthma, and PAH later in life. With the advances in omics platforms and the application of computational biology tools, modelling the epigenetic variability in a network framework, rather than as single molecular defects, is providing insights into the possible molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of COPD, asthma, and PAH. Epigenetic modifications may have clinical applications as non-invasive biomarkers of pulmonary diseases. Moreover, combining molecular assays with network analysis of epigenomic data may aid in clarifying the multi-stage transition from a pre-disease to disease state, with the goal of improving primary prevention of lung diseases and its subsequent clinical management.We describe epigenetic mechanisms known to be associated with pulmonary diseases and discuss how network analysis could improve our understanding of lung diseases.

PMID:33214212 | DOI:10.1183/13993003.03406-2020

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US engulfed in crisis as Covid death toll hits 250000 but there are signs of hope – The Guardian

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

Back in July, scientists predicted there would be 250,000 deaths in the US from Covid-19 by the years end. That terrible landmark has now been passed, earlier than projected, and amid a storm far more daunting than anyone could have anticipated.

A quarter of a million dead Americans. More than 11m confirmed cases. Coronavirus is out of control in America.

It is romping freely across the vast landmass of the US. Infection rates are surging in 44 of the 50 states, as the country enters the cold, dark winter which will force people back indoors and at the mercy of the virus.

All this is happening at a time when the president is so distracted by the electoral coup he is vainly attempting to pull off that he no longer even pretends to care about containing the disease.

Last week a new peak of more than 184,000 new cases was reported on a single day. Thats six times the total number of cases recorded in South Korea since the pandemic began.

With the number of infections soaring, the inevitable dance of death that has been performed on a loop in the US through the pandemic has started up once again. The first step is that hospitalizations start to rise they have increased across the country by almost 48% in the past two weeks, according to the New York Times tracker, and now stand at almost 77,000 patients.

Next, hospitals begin to report that they are being overrun and that their ICUs are full to overflowing. When staffing levels become critically stretched, thats when were in the danger zone.

At the end of the dance come the deaths. The level of fatalities has remained mercifully low compared with the April highs, a result of improved medical understanding of the virus, more effective treatments and hospitals that having been through the initial trauma are now better prepared.

But with states including Wisconsin, Minnesota, Montana, the Dakotas, Colorado and Georgia all reporting that their hospital systems are entering crisis mode meaning that they will struggle to provide patients with the intensive care they need it is only a matter of time before the death rate creeps up too.

As indeed it already is. About 1,500 Americans are currently dying each day from coronavirus-related causes, with the rate rising steadily in 30 states.

Within that daily toll of death and bereavement, there are specific tragedies that stem from Americas racial disparities. Recent research by APM Research Lab has found that African Americans, Latinos and indigenous people continue to die at three times the rate of white people. At least 1,375 deaths are US healthcare workers who died while treating or caring for Covid patients, according to Lost on the Frontline, a project launched by the Guardian and KHN to track healthcare worker deaths during the pandemic.

Eric Topol, professor of molecular medicine at Scripps Research in San Diego, summed up the mood among scientists at this grim landmark is crossed: These metrics are off-the-chart horrendous, he wrote. Jumps like weve never seen in each category of new cases, hospitalizations and deaths.

Over the past 10 months the world has become familiar with the negligence and disdain for science with which Donald Trump has approached the pandemic. His initial response was stuttering and mendacious, and instead of focusing on spearheading a federal push to control the contagion he weaponized the debate about masks as a political tool to be wielded as part of his re-election bid.

What we are seeing unfolding now is potentially far more serious than even the disaster over which he has presided thus far. While the country is being engulfed in crisis, Trump has gone awol, the equivalent in a pandemic of Franklin Roosevelt disappearing shortly before D-Day.

An analysis by Factbase of Trumps tweets for the week following the election found that out of 202 posts, more than 80% related to his defeat to Joe Biden and the lie Trump is propagating that the election was stolen from him. Only 10 of the tweets referred to Covid, and of those none talked about the surge in cases, the enormous human suffering that entails, or what the American people can and should do about it.

In the same seven-day period, about 900,000 Americans contracted the disease and 7,500 died from it. Yet Trump remained completely oblivious to their plight.

The disconnect between Trumps personal obsessions and the tumult facing the country he purportedly leads has never been as stark as it is today. All his energies are currently being expended on hanging on to the presidency, so that he can continue to do nothing to protect the American people from a microbe.

As CNNs Jake Tapper put it, Trump appears to be desperately, even pathetically, fighting to keep a job that he has no apparent interest in responsibly performing.

It all bodes extremely badly for the next two months of the lame duck Trump presidency.

But at least there are signs of hope amid the gloom. Two vaccines under development in the US by Pfizer and Moderna have been found to be 95% effective in protecting against the disease, and could be rolled out to vulnerable populations as early as next month.

Some Republican politicians continue to follow Trump in his refusal to engage with the pandemic notably Kristi Noem, the governor of South Dakota, which is ground zero in the current surge in infections. She has clung closely to the Trump playbook, brazenly insisting that her state is doing good even while it self-implodes, resisting mask mandates and pooh-poohing any talk of lockdowns.

Yet other Republicans though have finally begun to wake up to the need to act to contain the virus. Mike DeWine, the governor of Ohio, announced a spate of new measures to enforce masks and social distancing, joining Democratic leaders in Chicago, New York and elsewhere who have similarly begun to batten down the hatches.

That will give the president-elect some bipartisan room for maneuver as he prepares to hit the ground running with his pandemic plan following his inauguration on 20 January. He will come into the White House armed with a mandate from voters to put tackling coronavirus as top priority of his new administration, having made it the centerpiece of his presidential campaign.

Early indications are that he fully intends to follow through on that electoral promise. His first act following his victory was to convene a 12-person coronavirus taskforce to advise him through the transition, drawn from a range of scientific specialisms including infectious diseases, public health and emergency medicine.

Biden also underlined the centrality of fighting coronavirus to his nascent presidency by appointing Ron Klain as his White House chief of staff. Klain is no stranger to the challenges of dealing with health emergencies he was Barack Obamas Ebola tsar in 2014.

Klain has studied closely the Trump administrations mishandling of the pandemic, and can be expected to have learned the lessons. He has called the effort so far a fiasco of incredible proportions.

The US undoubtedly faces difficult times ahead, with the worst of the pandemic still to come. But the first green shoots are finally emerging of a strategic national and science-led offensive to wrestle the virus under control.

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Mac team working on saliva-based test procedure for COVID – The Bay Observer – Providing a Fresh Perspective for Hamilton and Burlington

Posted: November 23, 2020 at 2:59 am

Researchers at McMaster University are studying the saliva-based testing procedures that would enable routine testing of asymptomatic individuals on a large scale.

Worldwide, COVID-19 testing has been plagued by shortages of testing kits and materials, as well as a lack of capacity in clinical testing facilities.

Researchers believe the development and implementation of high-capacity testing procedureswhich could be done in university labswould enable large-scale and routine testing of asymptomatic people to better identify cases, isolate infected individuals and limit the spread of COVID-19.

To date, global confirmed cases are over 55 million, with 1.34 million deaths. It is believed that roughly 40 to 45 per cent of patients infected are asymptomatic and are responsible for about half of all transmissions.

With cases mounting and enormous pressure on testing capacity in Canada, it is imperative that we identify alternative approaches, says Eric Brown, a professor of biochemistry and biomedical sciences and a researcher at the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research.

Testing saliva samples from every Canadian on a routine basis would lead to a dramatic decline in infections, sickness and death. University labs are an entirely untapped resource and could help immensely in finding our way out of this pandemic, he says.

Brown and a team of experts in immunology, infectious diseases, biomedical engineering and evolutionary genetics, will test hundreds of volunteers throughout the study, three times per week, using a protocol where participants self-sample by providing a small amount of saliva in a sample tube.

We call it the spit study, says Brown, who explains that saliva samples resolve many outstanding issues related to nasal swab testing, which is complicated and unpleasant and requires trained medical professionals who are at risk from a procedure that often induces coughing and sneezing.

Researchers are also conducting serology tests, which identify antibodies in the blood, to measure the incidence of false-negative and false-positive results of the saliva tests.

By combining saliva testing which tells us if a person has an infection right now, with antibody testing, which tells us if they have ever had an infection, we will be able to confirm how good our test is at finding infections, even in people who didnt have symptoms, says Dawn Bowdish, a principal investigator on the study and professor of pathology and molecular medicine at McMaster.

Researchers hope to gain a better understanding of how to produce saliva-based tests on a commercial scale, the logistics involved in using them and how testing might impact workplaces such as universities, industry and long-term care homes.

Amica is proud to be a part of this important study. Saliva-based testing allows us to identify and isolate asymptomatic cases early helping to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This protects our team members and the seniors who call Amica home, says Doug MacLatchy, CEO of Amica Senior Lifestyles, which has partially funded the study, together with the Juravinski Research Institute.

The study is part of McMasters Global Nexus for Pandemics and Biological Threats, an international network of scientists, clinical health and medical specialists, engineers, social scientists, and other experts working collaboratively to prevent future pandemics and mitigate global health threats.

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