TheCanadian Partnership for Tomorrows Health (CanPath), hosted by the University of Torontos Dalla Lana School of Public Health, has received a $1.9 million investment from CanadasCOVID-19 Immunity Task Forceto fund a study of COVID-19 seroprevalence across Canada.

Thestudy aims toidentifyindividuals who have antibodies for COVID-19 infection butmay not have been tested or experienced symptoms. Itfocuses on specific communities and individuals that are at higher risk of infection.

The information will be used to identify factors that make some more susceptible to the virus than others.

CanPaths large number of participants, pan-Canadian reach, and population coverage enable us to detect differences in exposure and immunity among Canadians, saysPhilipAwadalla, CanPathsnational scientific director and a professor in the department of molecular genetics in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine and at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health. We can capture how age, sex, socio-demographic factors, geography, genetics and health history impact varying immune responses to COVID-19 in Canada.

With data captured by the CanPath COVID-19 survey we rapidly implemented earlier this year, we are able to identify participants who may have been exposed as well as infected. We can also identify how pre-existing conditions, captured through health Information routinely collected over the past decade, impact COVID-19 disease severity.

The pan-Canadian study will test 20,000participants for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, an indication of past infection with the novel coronavirus. Itwill focus on adults ages 30 and older in populations that are traditionally under-represented in research studies or are among the highest risk of exposure to COVID-19, including residents of long-term care homes and people living in under-served communities with higher numbers of COVID-19 cases in both urban and rural settings.

CanPath is a national population health research platform that follows the health of 330,000 Canadians, or one per cent of the population. It is led by Awadalla and John McLaughlin,executive director of CanPath and a professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health.

CanPath is an excellent example of a pan-Canadian collaborative effort that has engaged partners from many organizations and provinces for well over a decade. As a result, these critical questions on immunity in the Canadian population can be addressed in an efficient and coordinated manner, says Vivek Goela member of the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force and a professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Healths Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation.

Goel is alsoa special adviser to U of Ts president and provost who is helping to guide the universitys pandemic response.

Over the years, CanPath has contributed data and developed partnerships with numerous researchers and organizations across Canada, says McLaughlin. These partnerships enable our provincial and regional teams to work with communities that are at greatest risk. CanPath will work in support of Indigenous leaders and scholars to study the seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies among Indigenous communities. We are honoured to be selected to support the national COVID-19 control efforts by being able to rapidly provide actionable insights to federal and provincial decision-makers.

The COVID-19 serology study builds upon a previous grant of more than $2.5 million awarded to CanPath by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force. Itwill be implemented in collaboration with CanPaths regional cohorts: the BC Generations Project, Albertas Tomorrow Project, the Manitoba Tomorrow Project, Ontario Health Study, CARTaGENE (Quebec) and the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrows Health.

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Researchers at U of T to study presence of COVID-19 antibodies in high- risk populations - News@UofT

Thirty years ago, the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) mismanaged the Atlantic cod fishery into near oblivion ignoring the scientists who foresaw the collapse.

Instead, DFO rigged the science to support an unsustainable commercial fishery. Politicians vowed never again, and enshrined the precautionary principle into law always err on the side of caution but did nothing to reform the institution responsible for one of the worlds greatest self-inflicted ecological disasters.

Today, DFO does whatever is necessary to support Atlantic salmon farming along B.C.s coast to the significant threat of wild Pacific salmon. Only Canada allows the farming of Atlantic salmon on the migration routes of wild Pacific salmon. And, just like 30 years ago, DFO continues to rig science so it can skirt its primary duty to protect B.C.s iconic keystone species.

In 2009, after conducting a three-year federal inquiry into declining salmon runs, Justice Bruce Cohen saw the essential problem: DFO might ignore fish farmings risks to promote the industry. Along with 74 other recommendations, he recommended that DFO not be required to both promote and regulate fish farming. But DFOs conflicted mandate persists.

In 2015, the Federal Court found DFO had not adhered to the precautionary principle the law of our land when regulating the foreign Piscine orthoreovirus, saying DFOs arguments with respect to the precautionary principle are inconsistent, contradictory and, in any event, fail in light of the evidence. Four months later, DFO reinstated the same policy, adopting a risk threshold that prohibited only risks that could sterilize entire populations, species, or ecosystems.

The Federal Court again struck down the policy, which DFO reinstated and is before the Federal Court for a third time.

In 2018, the auditor general found DFO was woefully behind in its risk assessments, was not enforcing aquaculture regulations, and was vulnerable to claims that it prioritized the aquaculture industry over the protection of wild fish. The same year, Canadas chief scientist recommended DFO have unbiased advice from an external advisory committee. Still, no external oversight exists.

In December 2019, our prime minister mandated DFOs minister to transition B.C.s in ocean salmon farms onto land by 2025. Welcome words. But, almost a year later, British Columbians and the 102 B.C. First Nations who support this transition have seen no action by DFO.

Cohen also recommended fish farming in the Discovery Islands (a bottleneck for migrating salmon) be prohibited by Sept. 30, 2020, unless DFO could confidently say the farms there posed less than minimal harm to wild Pacific salmon.

On Sept. 28, with the Fraser River experiencing the worst sockeye returns in history, and with the minister absent, DFO officials proclaimed that the Discovery Island fish farms posed less than a one per cent risk to Fraser River sockeye. They did not explain how they calculated this risk, nor how their conclusion factored into the prime ministers mandate to transition the open-net pens by 2025. They did admit, in response to a question, that they had not included sea lice from fish farms in their assessment. Well-established science shows that sea lice from fish farms kill out-migrating juvenile salmon.

Just four days earlier, John Reynolds, an aquatic ecologist at Simon Fraser University, and chair of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada which is responsible for designating endangered species said: We have an overwhelming weight of evidence from research coming at this from all different directions. The current open-net-pen fish-farm model that we have is not compatible with protecting wild fish.

We can be thankful that one of DFOs top scientists is speaking out. Kristi Miller-Saunders, head of DFOs molecular genetics laboratory in Nanaimo, B.C., and an adjunct professor at the University of British Columbia, described how DFOs dual role as regulator and industry advocate, coupled with its reliance on industry funding for research, skews risk assessments in favour of the fish-farm industry.

Lets watch what happens to Miller-Saunders now.

In the 10 years DFO has regulated fish farming in B.C., a former B.C. Supreme Court judge, two Federal Court judges, the auditor generals office, Canadas chief scientist, DFOs own scientists, B.C. First Nations, and numerous NGOs have all sounded the alarm. But so far, the politicians have done nothing to reform the institution mismanaging wild Pacific salmon to extinction. Our leaders must act now and not wait to say, never again, again.

Tony Allard is the chairman of Wild Salmon Forever.

The views, opinions and positions expressed by all iPolitics columnists and contributors are the authors alone. They do not inherently or expressly reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of iPolitics.

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An Award-Winning DeanTracy Johnson

Tracy Johnson, Ph.D., UCLA professor, molecular, cell, and developmental biology, and holder of the Keith and Cecilia Terasaki Presidential Endowed Chair, was named dean of the division of life sciences in the UCLA College, effective Sept. 1. An award-winning scientist whose research focuses on understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation, particularly RNA splicing, chromatin modification, and the intersection between these reactions, Dr. Johnson has been a member of the faculty since 2013 and has served as associate dean for inclusive excellence in the division of life sciences since January 2015.

Prior to her appointment at UCLA, Dr. Johnson was a member of the University of California, San Diego biological sciences faculty from 2003 to 2013, and a Jane Coffin Childs postdoctoral research fellow at the California Institute of Technology. Recognized for her scientific leadership and contributions to educational innovation, and as a champion of diversity, equity, and inclusion, Dr. Johnson serves as a member of the UCLA Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research oversight committee; chair and director of the biomedical research minor; co-director and steering committee member for the Bruins in Genomics summer program; and co-director/co-principal investigator for the National Institutes of Health-funded UPLIFT/IRACDA program, which supports postdoctoral researchers preparing for academic careers.

Dr. Johnson also started the UCLA-HHMI Pathways to Success program, which is funded through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, to support the success of students from diverse backgrounds in STEM fields. She is also the principal investigator for a second HHMI grant aimed at promoting greater access and success for students studying life sciences who transfer from community colleges.

Beyond UCLA, Dr. Johnson has served as chair of an NIH Molecular Genetics study section, the National Cancer Institute board of scientific counselors, the executive committee for the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students, and the executive board of the Society of Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professors.

She is the recipient of numerous awards, including the National Science Foundation CAREER Award; the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; the UCLA Academic Senate Award for Career Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion; and the UCLA Life Sciences Award for Inclusive Excellence through teaching, mentorship, service, and research.

The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) recognized three women for outstanding contributions to engineering education, materials science and engineering, and environmental chemical engineering, respectively.

Stephanie Farrell, Ph.D., professor and founding chair of experiential engineering education, and interim dean of the Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering at Rowan University, received the Award for Service to Chemical Engineering Education.

Dr. Farrell has contributed to engineering education through her work in inductive pedagogy, spatial skills, and inclusion and diversity. She has been honored by the American Society of Engineering Education with several teaching awards, including the 2004 National Outstanding Teaching Medal and the 2005 Quinn Award for experiential learning. She was a 2014-15 Fulbright Scholar in Engineering Education at the Dublin Institute of Technology (Ireland).

The Braskem Award for Excellence in Materials Engineering and Science was given to Karen Winey, Ph.D., professor and Towerbrook Foundation Faculty Fellow, University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Wineys current interests include both polymer nanocomposites and ion-containing polymers. In nanocomposites, she designs and fabricates polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and metal nanowires with the aim of understanding how to improve their mechanical, thermal, and especially electrical conductivity and resistive switching properties. In ion-containing polymers, including block copolymers and polymers with ionic liquids, Dr. Winey combines imaging and scattering methods to provide unprecedented insights into their morphologies. Current efforts focus on correlating nanoscale structures with ion transport properties.

Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Ph.D., assistant professor, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, received the Environmental Division Early Career Award. She focuses her research on atmospheric chemistry and the effects of physical and chemical processing of pollutants on human exposure in indoor and outdoor environments. Much of her work is conducted through UT Austins Center for Energy and Environmental Resources.

Dr. Hildebrandt Ruiz is an expert in the use of state-of-the-science mass spectrometric instrumentation to conduct policy-relevant and fundamental chemical research. She has led several measurement campaigns in indoor and outdoor environments and projects focused on laboratory chamber experiments. Most recently, she led an NSF-funded study to determine which disinfectants work best with face masks to minimize exposure to chemical byproducts created during cleaning processes to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

Laura E. Champion, P.E., an architecture, engineering, construction industry consultant and an association management specialist, was named a fellow by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) board of direction. For the past five years, Champion has been one of the professions technical leaders with ASCEs Structural Engineering Institute (SEI). In line with the institute, her mission is to advance and serve the structural engineering profession through every stage of her career. In her current position, she is responsible for SEIs overall operations, including staffing; overseeing a $2 million operating budget; and planning and marketing programs, events, and conferences for more than 30,000 global members.

She also supports initiatives and programs approved by the board of governors to bolster the Vision for the Future of Structural Engineering and Structural Engineers: A Case for Change. Champion collaborates with the membership, marketing, communication, publications, continuing education, government relations, and conferences and events departments within ASCE in managing SEIs programs.

Delaware State University announced the appointment of Saundra F. DeLauder, Ph.D., as the institutions new provost and chief academic officer. She becomes the first woman to be appointed as the universitys permanent provost and chief academic officer and is the sixth permanent provost since the university created the executive academic leadership position in the late 1990s.

She assumes the permanent position after serving as interim provost since the beginning of 2020 and as vice provost from August 2017 through 2019. She was dean of the School of Graduate Studies and Research from her 2013 arrival at the university until 2017. During her tenures as vice provost and interim provost, Dr. DeLauder provided leadership in the areas of faculty affairs, academic standards and requirements, new degree programs, strategic planning, key performance indicators monitoring, the Delaware Institute for Science and Technology, the offices of Institutional Research and Sponsored Programs, and other areas.

As Dr. DeLauder takes over as university provost and vice president of academic affairs, she noted four key themes that cover the academic philosophy that guides her leadership: the university must build upon its existing strengths in ways that fully support the creativity and professionalism of the faculty and academic staff; the university must continue to increase its commitment to being student centered by fully embracing the ongoing conceptual change from the way we teach to the way our students learn; the university must keep expanding its research base and innovative outreach; and the university must continue to fight for resources to enable it to invest in game-changing programs and initiatives.

Dr. DeLauders 26-year career in higher education began in 1994 as an assistant professor of chemistry at Morgan State University. She then joined the faculty of North Carolina Central University, where by 2013 she reached the rank of full professor of chemistry. During those NCCU professorship years, she also served as chemistry department interim chair, associate and interim dean of the College of Science and Technology, and interim dean of the School of Graduate Studies.

At NCCU, she was the first tenured female chemistry professor and the first to become a full professor. She also was the lead scientist in a study titled Environmental Risk and Impact in Economically Disadvantaged Communities of Color, as well as the campus principal investigator of the NC Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation.

The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) announced that Jenny L. Grote, P.E., was selected to receive the Burton W. Marsh Award for Distinguished Service. Established in 1970, the award recognizes an individual who has contributed to the advancement of ITE over a period of years in an outstanding fashion.

A longtime member, Grote has served ITE with distinction over an extended period of time. She has held all offices of the Arizona Section and the Western District. She was elected to two terms on the international board of direction and in 2002 became international president.

She has continued active ITE involvement as the Western District administrator for eight years, and today is the district administrator of the newly formed Mountain District. Grote remains on several technical councils and committees, continues to contribute to industry publications, and is a mentor for many younger members. In 2016, the Arizona Section established the Jenny L. Grote Student Leadership Award in her honor, as she has dedicated countless hours over many years promoting ITE involvement to students.

Elected to serve a four-year term as home secretary for the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Carol K. Hall, Ph.D., Camille Dreyfus Distinguished University Professor, department of chemical and biomolecular engineering, North Carolina State University, will oversee the academys membership activities. She was elected to the NAE in 2005.

Elected to a second term as councillor is Katharine G. Frase, Ph.D., retired vice president of education business development at IBM, for her engineering contributions, including the use of lead-free materials, to the development of electronic packaging materials and processes.

Newly elected councillor Brenda J. Dietrich, Ph.D., Arthur and Helen Geoffrion Professor of Practice at Cornell University and retired vice president of IBM, was elected for her contributions to engineering algorithms, frameworks, and tools to solve complex business problems.

Tammy Reeve, CEO, Patmos Engineering Services and Airworthiness Certification Services, received the prestigious SAE International 2020 J. Cordell Breed Award for Women Leaders for the extraordinary success she has achieved while running two certified women-owned companies and maintaining a well-defined and structured work/life balance with her family and community.

The award is designed to recognize women active in all sectors of the mobility industry who have achieved the best balance of life both professionally and personally. The recipients are selected based primarily on outstanding performance or significant contributions in two or more of the following areas: exhibits outstanding service to her company and community; demonstrates excellent leadership as a supervisor, manager, or in team environments; displays innovation and uniqueness in achieving corporate and personal goals; displays excellence in creatively dealing with the challenges professional women face; provides important engineering or technical contributions to the mobility industry; overcomes adversity; or participates in and is involved with SAE activities.

Reeves software-management-related activities and experience include software project management, Federal Aviation Administration coordination for parts manufacturer approval, and technical-standard-order-related aspects of certification, as well as consulting in the area of software and programmable logic devices/aviation security identification card standards and policies.

An FAA designated engineering representative (DER), Reeve has worked in the aviation field for more than 16 years. Prior to becoming a DER, she worked as an embedded software design engineer for GE Aerospace and AvTech Corp. She has worked on aviation equipment ranging from engine controls for the C17 to audio control systems for the Boeing 777.

The American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) honored recipients of the 2020 Professional of the Year Awards. The awards program celebrates the contributions of Indigenous innovators and professionals in six award categories: Executive Excellence, Technical Excellence, Most Promising Engineer or Scientist, Blazing Flame, Indigenous Excellence, and the Professional of the Year. Five of this years six recipients were women.

The Professional of the Year Award was presented to Kathleen Jolivette (Rosebud Sioux), vice president of Attack Helicopter Programs and senior site executive for The Boeing Company in Mesa, Arizona. She leads more than 4,600 Boeing employees who support numerous businesses and functions, including the design, production, and delivery of the AH-64 Apache and AH-6 Little Bird helicopters for the U.S. Army and allied defense forces around the globe. She holds a bachelors degree in finance/accounting and an executive MBA from Washington University. Jolivette volunteers for and supports the Native American Heritage Association, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, AISES, and the Boeing Native American Network.

The Most Promising Engineer or Scientist Award was presented to Serra Hoagland, Ph.D. (Laguna Pueblo). She serves as the liaison officer/biologist for the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) Fire Sciences Lab to Salish Kootenai College in Pablo, Montana. Previously, she was a biological scientist and the Tribal Relations co-point of contact for the USDA Southern Research Station in Asheville, North Carolina. As the first Native American to graduate from Northern Arizona University with a Ph.D. in forestry, Dr. Serra studied Mexican spotted owl habitat on tribal and nontribal lands in south central New Mexico. She holds a masters in environmental science and management from UC Santa Barbara and a B.S. in ecology and systematic biology from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. She has published 10 peer-reviewed scientific publications, contributed to eight books, and provided numerous podcasts, guest lectures, newspaper interviews, plenary speeches, magazine articles, and scientific presentations.

The Technical Excellence Award was presented to Laura Smith-Velazquez (Cherokee Nation). Smith-Velazquez served as a human factors and systems engineer at Collins Aerospace in the advanced avionics technology department developing supersonic flight technology. Her work at Collins Aerospace focused on intelligent automation design in both flight deck and unmanned systems to include human autonomy teaming. She served as principal investigator on the NASA Sonic Boom Display program to enable commercial supersonic transport over land. She holds five patents on supersonic flight deck technology as well as vehicle systems safety intelligent flight deck technology. She received a B.S. in aeronautical science, an M.S. in human factors and systems engineering, and a minor in meteorology and flight safety from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. She holds commercial pilot, sUAS, and aircraft dispatcher certificates.

The Blazing Flame Award recipient is Master Sergeant Frances Dupris (Lakota/Northern Arapaho), operations superintendent for Space Delta 7; during the award period, she was noncommissioned officer in charge of cryptologic engagement for the Cryptologic Services Group in the North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Northern Command at Peterson-Schriever Garrison, Colorado. As an intelligence analyst, she was part of a binational joint military and civilian team that provides specialized intelligence support to the commands. She also served as co-chair of the National Security Agency/Central Security Service American Indian and Alaska Native employee resource group for hundreds of joint military and civilian personnel. She holds an M.S. in organizational leadership from Argosy University.

The Indigenous Excellence Award was presented to Sandra Begay (Navajo Nation). She has worked at Sandia National Laboratories for more than 27 years, where she is a research and development engineer. From 2002-2018, Begay mentored American Indian interns through the Sandia Department of Indian Energy Program, which she created. She inspires new generations of Native students and professionals to not only consider pursuing engineering studies, but also to explore research and work in the energy sector. Many of her interns have become highly regarded technical professionals, staff members, and leaders within tribal organizations, industry, academia, and nonprofit groups. Begay earned an Associate of Science degree in pre-engineering, a B.S. in civil engineering from the University of New Mexico, and an M.S. from Stanford University in structural engineering with an emphasis in earthquake engineering.

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The campus of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology on Mount Carmel, Haifa. Photo: Wikimedia Commons.

JNS.org An international research group from Israel and Scotland has reported in Nature Cancer a breakthrough that may influence the treatment of metastatic leukemia spreading to the brain. The researchers include hematological-oncological experts from Schneider Childrens Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, as well as scientists from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and the University of Glasgow.

Their research focuses on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common type of cancer among children. Although recovery rates for this disease are relatively high, the treatment is harsh and accompanied by numerous side effects that can persist years after the patient is cured. Since one of the main risks of ALL is that the cancer will metastasize to the brain, children diagnosed with this disease receive a prophylactic treatment that protects the brain from metastasized cells.

Currently, this treatment consists of injecting chemotherapy drugs into the spinal fluid and sometimes also radiation to the skull, which carries the risk of side effects for damaged brain function since these chemotherapy drugs also harm healthy brain cells.

For this reason, a worldwide effort is underway to develop more selective treatments that will only affect the leukemia cells and not the brain cells. Research reveals for the first time that the solution lies in fatty acids, an essential resource for cells, including leukemia cells. Leukemia cells obtain sufficient fatty acids in the bone marrow and blood, but when they travel to the brain in a metastatic process, they reach an area that is very poor in such acids.

October 30, 2020 2:54 pm

According to the recently published research, in order to continue to thrive and flourish in the brain, the ALL cells develop an ability to produce fatty acids on their own.

Based on these findings, the researchers infer that treating the patient with drugs that block the production of fatty acids will prevent the leukemia cells from producing these acids, and thereby starve them and stop them from flourishing in the brain. The use of such drugs in mice has stopped the spread of metastatic leukemia to their brains.

The drugs used in the current research are still being developed and therefore not yet approved for use in humans. However, the research findings provide hope for a more precise treatment that will most likely be less toxic for preventing the spread of leukemia to the brain.

The work was carried out by three young female scientists: Dr. Angela Maria Savino from Professor Shai Izraelis lab in the Department of Hematology-Oncology at the Schneider Childrens Medical Center, part of the Clalit Group, and the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry at Tel Aviv Universitys Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sara Isabel Fernandes (a Ph.D. student) from the lab of Professor Eyal Gottlieb from the Rappaport Institute and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; and Dr. Orianne Olivares from the lab of Professor Christina Halsey at the Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre at the University of Glasgow.

Part of the research was also carried out in the lab of Professor Michael Kharas at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York.

The discovery is also relevant for several other types of cancer in children and adults since most mortalities are not caused by the primary tumor, but by the spread of metastasized cells to distant organs. This research, which demonstrates that cancer cells adapt to the organs to which they spread, paves the way for biological treatments that block these adaptation mechanisms, thereby stopping the cancer cells from metastasizing.

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Breakthrough in Research Could Influence Treatment of Leukemia Spreading to Brain - Algemeiner

The ' Molecular Forensics market' study Added by Market Study Report, LLC, provides an in-depth analysis pertaining to potential drivers fueling this industry. The study also encompasses valuable insights about profitability prospects, market size, growth dynamics, and revenue estimation of the business vertical. The study further draws attention to the competitive backdrop of renowned market contenders including their product offerings and business strategies.

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Latest Study explores the Molecular Forensics Market Witness Highest Growth in near future - AlgosOnline

Angelika Amon, professor of biology and a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, died on Oct. 29 at age 53, following a two-and-a-half-year battle with ovarian cancer.

"Known for her piercing scientific insight and infectious enthusiasm for the deepest questions of science, Professor Amon built an extraordinary career and in the process, a devoted community of colleagues, students and friends," MIT President L. Rafael Reif wrote in a letter to the MIT community.

Angelika was a force of nature and a highly valued member of our community, reflects Tyler Jacks, the David H. Koch Professor of Biology at MIT and director of the Koch Institute. Her intellect and wit were equally sharp, and she brought unmatched passion to everything she did. Through her groundbreaking research, her mentorship of so many, her teaching, and a host of other contributions, Angelika has made an incredible impact on the world one that will last long into the future.

A pioneer in cell biology

From the earliest stages of her career, Amon made profound contributions to our understanding of the fundamental biology of the cell, deciphering the regulatory networks that govern cell division and proliferation in yeast, mice, and mammalian organoids, and shedding light on the causes of chromosome mis-segregation and its consequences for human diseases.

Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but as they divide they can make errors that lead to too many or too few chromosomes, resulting in aneuploidy. Amons meticulous and rigorous experiments, first in yeast and then in mammalian cells, helped to uncover the biological consequences of having too many chromosomes. Her studies determined that extra chromosomes significantly impact the composition of the cell, causing stress in important processes such as protein folding and metabolism, and leading to additional mistakes that could drive cancer. Although stress resulting from aneuploidy affects cells ability to survive and proliferate, cancer cells which are nearly universally aneuploid can grow uncontrollably. Amon showed that aneuploidy disrupts cells usual error-repair systems, allowing genetic mutations to quickly accumulate.

Aneuploidy is usually fatal, but in some instances extra copies of specific chromosomes can lead to conditions such as Down syndrome and developmental disorders including those known as Patau and Edwards syndromes. This led Amon to work to understand how these negative effects result in some of the health problems associated specifically with Down syndrome, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Her expertise in this area led her to be named co-director of the recently established Alana Down Syndrome Center at MIT.

Angelikas intellect and research were as astonishing as her bravery and her spirit. Her labs fundamental work on aneuploidy was integral to our establishment of the center, say Li-Huei Tsai, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience and co-director of the Alana Down Syndrome Center. Her exploration of the myriad consequences of aneuploidy for human health was vitally important and will continue to guide scientific and medical research.

Another major focus of research in the Amon lab has been on the relationship between how cells grow, divide, and age. Among other insights, this work has revealed that once cells reach a certain large size, they lose the ability to proliferate and are unable to reenter the cell cycle. Further, this growth contributes to senescence, an irreversible cell cycle arrest, and tissue aging. In related work, Amon has investigated the relationships between stem cell size, stem cell function, and tissue age. Her labs studies have found that in hematopoetic stem cells, small size is important to cells ability to function and proliferate in fact, she posted recent findings on bioRxiv earlier this week and have been examining the same questions in epithelial cells as well.

Amon lab experiments delved deep into the mechanics of the biology, trying to understand the mechanisms behind their observations. To support this work, she established research collaborations to leverage approaches and technologies developed by her colleagues at the Koch Institute, including sophisticated intestinal organoid and mouse models developed by the Yilmaz Laboratory, and a microfluidic device developed by the Manalis Laboratory for measuring physical characteristics of single cells.

The thrill of discovery

Born in 1967, Amon grew up in Vienna, Austria, in a family of six. Playing outside all day with her three younger siblings, she developed an early love of biology and animals. She could not remember a time when she was not interested in biology, initially wanting to become a zoologist. But in high school, she saw an old black-and-white film from the 1950s about chromosome segregation, and found the moment that the sister chromatids split apart breathtaking. She knew then that she wanted to study the inner workings of the cell and decided to focus on genetics at the University of Vienna in Austria.

After receiving her BS, Amon continued her doctoral work there under Professor Kim Nasmyth at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, earning her PhD in 1993. From the outset, she made important contributions to the field of cell cycle dynamics. Her work on yeast genetics in the Nasmyth laboratory led to major discoveries about how one stage of the cell cycle sets up for the next, revealing that cyclins, proteins that accumulate within cells as they enter mitosis, must be broken down before cells pass from mitosis to G1, a period of cell growth.

Towards the end of her doctorate, Amon became interested in fruitfly genetics and read the work of Ruth Lehmann, then a faculty member at MIT and a member of the Whitehead Institute. Impressed by the elegance of Lehmanns genetic approach, she applied and was accepted to her lab. In 1994, Amon arrived in the United States, not knowing that it would become her permanent home or that she would eventually become a professor.

While Amons love affair with fruitfly genetics would prove short, her promise was immediately apparent to Lehmann, now director of the Whitehead Institute. I will never forget picking Angelika up from the airport when she was flying in from Vienna to join my lab. Despite the long trip, she was just so full of energy, ready to talk science, says Lehmann. She had read all the papers in the new field and cut through the results to hit equally on the main points.

But as Amon frequently was fond of saying, yeast will spoil you. Lehmann explains that because they grow so fast and there are so many tools, your brain is the only limitation. I tried to convince her of the beauty and advantages of my slower-growing favorite organism. But in the end, yeast won and Angelika went on to establish a remarkable body of work, starting with her many contributions to how cells divide and more recently to discover a cellular aneuploidy program.

In 1996, after Lehmann had left for New York Universitys Skirball Institute, Amon was invited to become a Whitehead Fellow, a prestigious program that offers recent PhDs resources and mentorship to undertake their own investigations. Her work on the question of how yeast cells progress through the cell cycle and partition their chromosomes would be instrumental in establishing her as one of the worlds leading geneticists. While at Whitehead, her lab made key findings centered around the role of an enzyme called Cdc14 in prompting cells to exit mitosis, including that the enzyme is sequestered in a cellular compartment called the nucleolus and must be released before the cell can exit.

I was one of those blessed to share with her a eureka moment, as she would call it, says Rosella Visintin, a postdoc in Amons lab at the time of the discovery and now an assistant professor at the European School of Molecular Medicine in Milan. She had so many. Most of us are lucky to get just one, and I was one of the lucky ones. Ill never forget her smile and scream neither will the entire Whitehead Institute when she saw for the first time Cdc14 localization: You did it, you did it, you figured it out! Passion, excitement, joy everything was in that scream.

In 1999, Amons work as a Whitehead Fellow earned her a faculty position in the MIT Department of Biology and the MIT Center for Cancer Research, the predecessor to the Koch Institute. A full professor since 2007, she also became the Kathleen and Curtis Marble Professor in Cancer Research, associate director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at MIT, a member of the Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology at MIT, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Her pathbreaking research was recognized by several awards and honors, including the 2003 National Science Foundation Alan T. Waterman Award, the 2007 Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research, the 2008 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Award in Molecular Biology, and the 2013 Ernst Jung Prize for Medicine. In 2019, she won the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences and the Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science, and was named to the Carnegie Corporation of New Yorks annual list of Great Immigrants, Great Americans. This year, she was given the Human Frontier Science Program Nakasone Award. She was also a member of the NAS and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Lighting the way forward

Amons perseverance, deep curiosity, and enthusiasm for discovery served her well in her roles as teacher, mentor, and colleague. She has worked with many labs across the world and developed a deep network of scientific collaboration and friendships. She was a sought-after speaker for seminars and the many conferences she attended. In over 20 years as a professor at MIT, she has mentored more than 80 postdocs, graduate students, and undergraduates, and received the School of Sciences undergraduate teaching prize.

Angelika was an amazing, energetic, passionate, and creative scientist, an outstanding mentor to many, and an excellent teacher, says Alan Grossman, the Praecis Professor of Biology and head of MITs Department of Biology. Her impact and legacy will live on and be perpetuated by all those she touched.

Angelika existed in a league of her own, explains Kristin Knouse, one of Amons former graduate students and a current Whitehead Fellow. She had the energy and excitement of someone who picked up a pipette for the first time, but the brilliance and wisdom of someone who had been doing it for decades. Her infectious energy and brilliant mind were matched by a boundless heart and tenacious grit. She could glance at any data and immediately deliver a sharp insight that would never have crossed any other mind. Her positive attributes were infectious, and any interaction with her, no matter how transient, assuredly left you feeling better about yourself and your science.

Taking great delight in helping young scientists find their own eureka moments, Amon was a fearless advocate for science and the rights of women and minorities and inspired others to fight as well. She was not afraid to speak out in support of the research and causes she believed strongly in. She was a role model for young female scientists and spent countless hours mentoring and guiding them in a male-dominated field. While she graciously accepted awards for women in science, including the Vanderbilt Prize and the Women in Cell Biology Senior Award, she questioned the value of prizes focused on women as women, rather than on their scientific contributions.

Angelika Amon was an inspiring leader, notes Lehmann, not only by her trailblazing science but also by her fearlessness to call out sexism and other -isms in our community. Her captivating laugh and unwavering mentorship and guidance will be missed by students and faculty alike. MIT and the science community have lost an exemplary leader, mentor, friend, and mensch.

Amons wide-ranging curiosity led her to consider new ideas beyond her own field. In recent years, she has developed a love for dinosaurs and fossils, and often mentioned that she would like to study terraforming, which she considered essential for a human success to life on other planets.

It was always amazing to talk with Angelika about science, because her interests were so deep and so broad, her intellect so sharp, and her enthusiasm so infectious, remembers Vivian Siegel, a lecturer in the Department of Biology and friend since Amons postdoctoral days. Beyond her own work in the lab, she was fascinated by so many things, including dinosaurs dreaming of taking her daughters on a dig lichen, and even life on Mars.

Angelika was brilliant; she illuminated science and scientists, says Frank Solomon, professor of biology and member of the Koch Institute. And she was intense; she warmed the people around her, and expanded what it means to be a friend.

Amon is survived by her husband Johannes Weis, and her daughters Theresa and Clara Weis, and her three siblings and their families.

Read more from the original source:
Angelika Amon, cell biologist who pioneered research on chromosome imbalance, dies at 53 - MIT News

SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Boundless Bio, a biotechnology company developing innovative therapeutics directed to extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in aggressive cancers, today will present research highlighting powerful components of its proprietary Spyglass platform at the 2020 American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) Annual Meeting.

The poster, titled A Robust Imaging and Single-Cell Sequencing Platform to Characterize Tumor Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in Response to Therapeutic Intervention, describes elements of Boundless Bios broad platform for interrogating ecDNA biology. These elements couple automated cellular imaging with comprehensive single-cell genomic sequencing. The tools are part of an essential toolkit for understanding how ecDNA responds when cancers are treated with various therapeutic pressures and can be broadly applied to track how oncogenes amplify and where they are expressed following therapeutic intervention. Tumors driven by oncogene amplification are aggressive, have poor prognosis, and have proven elusive for targeted therapies. ecDNA frequently harbor oncogene amplifications and promote resistance to cancer treatment by enhancing genomic diversity and enabling cancer cells to rapidly adapt in response to therapeutic pressures.

We are building our Spyglass platform to serve as the first robust, objective, and high-resolution tool for characterizing ecDNA and how they respond to therapeutic pressures, said Jason Christiansen, Chief Technology Officer of Boundless Bio. This new research presented at ASHG demonstrates that our platform can successfully track how the behavior of ecDNA in cancer shifts in the face of treatment; these insights are enabling us to develop more effective, highly-targeted treatments for patients with cancers driven by ecDNA.

Study Details

Utilizing key analytical tool elements of the Spyglass platform, scientists studied colorectal cancer cells with amplified oncogenes in the presence and absence of cytotoxic chemotherapy, demonstrating the ability to robustly characterize changes in ecDNA and chromosomally-amplified genes at the phenotypic and molecular level.

The researchers studied Colo320DM cells, containing a mixture of the MYC oncogene on ecDNA and chromosomally amplified gene populations; Colo320HSR cells with a pure chromosomally amplified MYC population; and DLD1 cells as a non-amplified control. Each arm was treated for 2 weeks with a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. Cells in metaphase were collected, stained with DAPI and probed for the MYC oncogene by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Whole-slide images (~10mm2) were collected using automated imaging; and custom-built software was used to automatically identify and quantify ecDNA in individual metaphase spreads. Relative changes in MYC FISH signal and localization were used to quantify the changes in ecDNA and chromosomal amplification populations before and after drug treatment.

In addition, single-cell sequencing techniques revealed molecular level information about the amplified gene regions that is complementary to the spatial information provided by image analysis. Regions of increased gene expression and open chromatin around the MYC gene are indicative of ecDNA and were not identified in the chromosomally amplified line. Further, although chromosomally amplified regions exist in both model lines, molecular level evidence demonstrated divergence in this region not discernable by imaging. When treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, the ecDNA population was reduced and the chromosomally amplified region was selected. Together these tools demonstrated Boundless Bios ability to monitor and quantify dynamic changes in ecDNA in cancer cells under selective pressure.

About ecDNAExtrachromosomal DNA, or ecDNA, are distinct circular units of DNA containing functional genes, including oncogenes, that are separated from tumor cell chromosomes. ecDNA rapidly replicate within cancer cells, causing high numbers of oncogene copies and can be passed to daughter cells asymmetrically during cell division, driving tumor heterogeneity. Cancer cells have the ability to increase or decrease copy number of oncogenes located on ecDNA to enable survival under selective pressures, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or radiation, making ecDNA one of cancer cells primary mechanisms of recurrence and treatment resistance. ecDNA are rarely seen in healthy cells but are found in many solid tumor cancers. They are a key driver of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat cancers, specifically those characterized by high copy number amplification of oncogenes.

About Boundless BioBoundless Bio is a next-generation precision oncology company interrogating a novel area of cancer biology, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), to deliver transformative therapies to patients with previously intractable cancers.

For more information, visit http://www.boundlessbio.com.

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About Boundless Bios Spyglass PlatformBoundless Bios Spyglass platform is a comprehensive suite of proprietary ecDNA-driven and pair-matched tumor models along with proprietary imaging and molecular analytical tools that enables Boundlesss researchers to interrogate ecDNA biology and maintain a robust pipeline of novel oncotargets essential to the function of cancer cells that are enabled by ecDNA. The Spyglass platform facilitates Boundless innovation in the development of precision therapeutics specifically targeting ecDNA-driven tumors, thereby enabling selective treatments for patients whose tumor genetic profiles make them most likely to benefit from our novel therapeutic candidates.

Excerpt from:
Boundless Bio Presents Research Showcasing its Imaging and Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) Detection at the 2020...