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Gemini Therapeutics and FS Development Corp. Announce Merger Agreement Creating Publicly Listed Precision Medicine Company Focused on Age-Related…

Posted: October 18, 2020 at 1:56 am

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Gemini Therapeutics, a clinical stage precision medicine company developing innovative treatments for genetically defined age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and FS Development Corp. (Nasdaq: FSDC), a special purpose acquisition company sponsored by Foresite Capital, today announced they have entered into a definitive merger agreement. Upon closing of the transaction, the company will be renamed Gemini Therapeutics, Inc. (Combined Company) and will be led by Jason Meyenburg, Chief Executive Officer of Gemini. The Combined Companys common stock is expected to be listed on Nasdaq.

In addition to the approximately $121 million held in FS Development Corp.s trust account (assuming no redemptions are effected), a group of premier healthcare investors has committed to participate in the transaction through a common stock PIPE of approximately $95 million at $10.00 per share. Investors in the PIPE include lead investor Foresite Capital, an affiliate of FS Development Corp.s sponsor, as well as Fidelity Management & Research Company LLC, Wellington Management, Boxer Capital of Tavistock Group, Alyeska Investment Group, L.P., Suvretta Capital Management, CVF, DAFNA Capital, and Acorn Bioventures, in addition to existing Gemini Therapeutics shareholders including Orbimed Healthcare Fund Management, Atlas Venture, Lightstone Ventures and Wu Capital.

This mornings announcement is important for the advancement of AMD research, as it ensures we have the necessary capital to advance our clinical programs and continue applying our insights in genetics and biology to pioneer first-in-class medicines to restore regulation of the complement system in the eye and throughout the body, bringing forward targeted precision therapies based on genetically defined populations, said Mr. Meyenburg. I would like to thank all those involved in making this transaction a success, particularly our new and existing blue chip investors, and the entire Gemini team.

Gemini embodies the type of company we had in mind when forming FSDC: a platform focused on the next generation of medicines utilizing genetics, said Jim Tananbaum, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Foresite Capital and President and Chief Executive Officer of FS Development Corp. Gemini is developing treatments for patients losing their vision because of genetically driven macular degeneration. We are excited about the tremendous potential of this transaction, which we believe creates value for investors along with the potential to bring innovative new treatment options to patients.

Proceeds from the transaction are expected to provide Gemini with the capital needed to further develop its clinical programs and preclinical portfolio, including the following programs:

Post-closing of the transaction, Mr. Meyenburg and Dr. Tananbaum will be joined by board members from Gemini to form the seven-person board of directors.

Summary of Transaction

Current Gemini shareholders are converting 100% of their existing equity interests into common stock of the Combined Company. In addition to the approximately $121 million held in FSDCs trust account (assuming no redemptions are effected), an additional group of premier healthcare investors has committed to participate in the transaction through a common stock PIPE of approximately $95 million at $10 per share.

The Combined Company is expected to receive gross proceeds of approximately $216 million at the closing of the transaction (assuming no redemptions are effected), which is expected by January 2021. The close of this transaction is subject to approval of FSDCs shareholders and the satisfaction or waiver of certain other customary closing conditions.

Jefferies LLC and SVB Leerink acted as co-lead private placement agents for FS Development Corp. Jefferies LLC also acted as lead financial and capital markets advisor to FS Development Corp. Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC acted as lead financial advisor to Gemini in the transaction. Stifel acted as additional capital markets advisor to Gemini. Goodwin Procter LLP acted as legal counsel to Gemini. White & Case LLP acted as legal counsel to FS Development Corp.

The description of the business combination contained herein is only a high-level summary. Additional information about the transaction will be provided in a Current Report on Form 8-K that will contain an investor presentation to be filed by FS Development Corp. with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and will be available at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, FS Development Corp. intends to file a registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC, which will include a proxy statement/prospectus, and will file other documents regarding the proposed transaction with the SEC.

In connection with the proposed business combination, FS Development Corp. intends to file a Registration Statement on Form S-4, including a preliminary proxy statement/prospectus and a definitive proxy statement/prospectus with the SEC. FS Development Corp.s stockholders and other interested persons are advised to read, when available, the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus and the amendments thereto and the definitive proxy statement/prospectus and documents incorporated by reference therein filed in connection with the proposed business combination, as these materials will contain important information about Gemini, FS Development Corp., and the proposed merger. When available, the definitive proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant materials for the proposed merger will be mailed to stockholders of FS Development Corp. as of a record date to be established for voting on the proposed business combination. Stockholders will also be able to obtain copies of the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus, the definitive proxy statement/prospectus, and other documents filed with the SEC that will be incorporated by reference therein, without charge, once available, at the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov, or by directing a request to press@foresitecapital.com.

Conference Call Information

Gemini and FS Development Corp. will host a conference call today, Thursday, October 15, 2020, at 10:30 a.m. Eastern Time, to discuss the proposed transaction. To access the conference call, please dial (888) 317-6003 (local) or (412) 317-6061 (international) at least 10 minutes prior to the start time and reference conference ID: 4983831.

About Gemini Therapeutics

Gemini Therapeutics is a clinical stage precision medicine company developing innovative treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by developing drugging strategies that are matched to specific genetic mutations found in patients with high clinical unmet need. Geminis lead clinical stage candidate, GEM103, is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring complement factor H protein currently in a Phase 2a trial in dry AMD patients with a complement factor H mutation. The company has generated a rich pipeline including recombinant proteins, gene therapies, and monoclonal antibodies. Geminis CLARITY natural history study is designed to provide unprecedented insight into the role of genetic risk in common retinal diseases and began in December 2018. Gemini was launched with funding from leading life science investors and powered by academic partnerships globally.

For more information, visit http://www.geminitherapeutics.com.

About FS Development Corp. (FSDC)

FS Development Corp., sponsored by Foresite Capital, is a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a business combination with one or more businesses in the biotechnology sector. The company is led by Jim Tananbaum, M.D., the CEO of Foresite Capital, an investment firm funding visionary healthcare entrepreneurs with approximately $3 billion in assets under management. The firm is headquartered in San Francisco.

Important Information About the Merger and Where to Find It

A full description of the terms of the business combination will be provided in a registration statement on Form S-4 to be filed with the SEC by FS Development Corp. that will include a prospectus with respect to the Combined Companys securities to be issued in connection with the business combination and a proxy statement with respect to the shareholder meeting of FS Development Corp. to vote on the business combination. FS Development Corp. urges its investors, shareholders and other interested persons to read, when available, the preliminary proxy statement/ prospectus as well as other documents filed with the SEC because these documents will contain important information about FS Development Corp., Gemini and the business combination. After the registration statement is declared effective, the definitive proxy statement/prospectus to be included in the registration statement will be mailed to shareholders of FS Development Corp. as of a record date to be established for voting on the proposed business combination. Once available, shareholders will also be able to obtain a copy of the S-4, including the proxy statement/prospectus, and other documents filed with the SEC without charge, by directing a request to: FS Development Corp., Attn: Secretary, 600 Montgomery Street, Suite 4500, San Francisco, California 94111. The preliminary and definitive proxy statement/prospectus to be included in the registration statement, once available, can also be obtained, without charge, at the SECs website (www.sec.gov).

Participants in the Solicitation

FS Development Corp. and Gemini Therapeutics and their respective directors and executive officers may be considered participants in the solicitation of proxies with respect to the proposed business combination described in this press release under the rules of the SEC. Information about the directors and executive officers of FS Development Corp. is set forth in FS Development Corp.s final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) on August 13, 2020, and is available free of charge at the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov or by directing a request to: FS Development Corp., Attn: Secretary, 600 Montgomery Street, Suite 4500, San Francisco, California 94111. Information regarding the persons who may, under the rules of the SEC, be deemed participants in the solicitation of the FS Development Corp. shareholders in connection with the proposed business combination will be set forth in the registration statement containing the proxy statement/prospectus for the proposed business combination when it is filed with the SEC. These documents can be obtained free of charge from the sources indicated above.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements that are based on beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: may, will, could, would, should, expect, intend, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, predict, project, potential, continue, ongoing or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this press release, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the proposed business combination, including the timing and structure of the business combination, the proceeds of the business combination, the initial market capitalization of the Combined Company and the benefits of the business combination, as well as statements about the potential attributes and benefits of Geminis product candidates and the format and timing of Geminis product development activities and clinical trials. We cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this press release will prove to be accurate. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expected results, including, among others, the ability to complete the business combination due to the failure to obtain approval from FS Development Corp.s shareholders or satisfy other closing conditions in the Merger Agreement, the occurrence of any event that could give rise to the termination of the Merger Agreement, the ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the business combination, the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against FS Development Corp. or Gemini following announcement of the proposed business combination and related transactions, the impact of COVID-19 on Geminis business and/or the ability of the parties to complete the business combination, the ability to obtain or maintain the listing of FS Development Corp.s common stock on Nasdaq following the proposed business combination, costs related to the proposed business combination, changes in applicable laws or regulations, the possibility that FS Development Corp. or Gemini may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors, and other risks and uncertainties, including those to be included under the header Risk Factors in the registration statement on Form S-4 to be filed by FS Development Corp. with the SEC and those included under the header Risk Factors in the final prospectus of FS Development Corp. related to its initial public offering. Most of these factors are outside of FS Development Corp.s and Geminis control and are difficult to predict. Furthermore, if the forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. The forward-looking statements in this press release represent our views as of the date of this press release. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.

Non-Solicitation

This press release is not a proxy statement or solicitation of a proxy, consent or authorization with respect to any securities or in respect of the proposed business combination and shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities nor shall there be any sale of securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act.

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Gemini Therapeutics and FS Development Corp. Announce Merger Agreement Creating Publicly Listed Precision Medicine Company Focused on Age-Related...

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‘Honey bee, it’s me’ – Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

Posted: October 18, 2020 at 1:56 am

For a honey bee, few things are more important than recognizing your nestmates. Being able to tell a nestmate from an invader could mean the difference between a honey-stocked hive and a long, lean winter.

New research from Washington University in St. Louis shows that honey bees rely on chemical cues related to their shared gut microbial communities, instead of genetic relatedness, to identify members of their colony.

Most people only pay attention to the genetics of the actual bee, said Yehuda Ben-Shahar, professor of biology in Arts & Sciences and corresponding author of the study published Oct. 14 in Science Advances. What we show is that it is genetic, but its the genetics of the bacteria.

Honey bees recognize and respond to chemical signals from other bees that they detect from skin compounds known as cuticular hydrocarbons, or CHCs. This study determined that a bees particular CHC profile is dependent on its microbiome the bacteria that make up its gut microbial community and is not something innate or genetic to the bee alone.

Different colonies do in fact have colony-specific microbiomes, which has never been shown before, said Cassondra L. Vernier, postdoctoral associate at the University of Illinois, who earned her biology PhD working with Ben-Shahar at Washington University.

Bees are constantly sharing food with one another and exchanging this microbiome just within their colony, said Vernier, first author of the new study.

Co-authors include Gautam Dantas, professor of pathology and immunology and of molecular microbiology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and Joel Levine at the University of Toronto Mississauga. The work was conducted in part with bees housed at Tyson Research Center, the environmental field station for Washington University.

The importance of this paper is that its one of the first papers that actually shows that the microbiome is involved in the basic social biology of honey bees and not just affecting their health, Vernier said. The microbiome is involved in how the colony as a whole functions, and how they are able to maintain nest defenses, rather than just immune defense within an individual.

The gut microbial community or microbiome supplies humans and other animals with vitamins, helps digest food, regulates inflammation and keeps disease-causing microbes in check. Increasingly a topic of research interest, scientists have discovered many ways that the microbiome blurs the borders between a host and its bacteria.

The microbiome has been found to influence communication in several different organisms including, notably, large animals like hyenas.

For honey bees, this study shows that the microbiome plays a critical role in defining the tightly regulated chemical signals for group membership.

Until recently, most scientists thought that honey bees identified nestmates by picking up on a homogenized scent that they recognize from members of their own colony a kind of hive B.O., Ben-Shahar joked.

Bee colonies are usually composed of highly related individuals. But the chemical signals that allow bees to recognize each other are not determined by genetics alone. Researchers know this because baby bees can be placed into other colonies without being rejected up until a certain age and level of development.

It has to be something that they acquire during their lifetime that defines their nestmate recognition cues, Vernier said.

In previous work, Vernier and Ben-Shahar showed that bees develop different scent profiles as they age, and that gatekeeper bees respond differently to foragers returning to the hive compared with younger bees that have never ventured outside.

That research established a relationship between nestmate recognition and the clearly defined, age-dependent division of labor typical to honey bee hives.

Only when a bee is old enough to interact with others outside of the hive does it become recognizable to others. That was a clue for the researchers.

If you grow a honey bee in isolation, it will never develop a complete microbiome, Vernier said. It actually has to acquire most of it from interactions with other bees.

For this study, researchers determined that forager bees from different honey bee colonies have different gut microbial communities and CHC profiles by sequencing gut samples and analyzing cuticular extracts. The scientists also conducted cross-hive fostering experiments, raising groups of newly hatched bees in either their own colonies or unrelated colonies.

In the fostering experiments, the researchers found that both source- and host-colony related factors contribute to variations in the overall gut microbial community of individual bees. Of the 14 microbial taxa that significantly differed between treatments, six were similar between bees that shared the same hive environment while they grew up regardless of actual genetic relatedness.

The researchers also found that they could manipulate the microbiome of sister bees by feeding different microbes to newly hatched bees. In addition to developing different gut microbial communities, the bees also grew to have different CHC profiles.

They were unrecognizable to their siblings, Vernier said. Manipulating the microbiome was enough to cause sister bees to develop different scent profiles.

This new work is significant in part because it shows an integral role for the microbiome in the essential, everyday social interactions of honey bees, the Earths most important pollinators, researchers said.

For bees, some of the most complex aspects of their social behavior basically depends on bacteria more than anything else! Ben-Shahar said.

It doesnt matter how related they are, he said. Their ability to say you belong to this group basically depends on getting the right bacteria at the right time. Otherwise, they are blind to it.

And bee ID is key.

The biggest enemy to honey bees is other bees.

During fall, when plants stop producing nectar, there is a period of time when robbing is very prevalent in colonies, Vernier said. Robbing bees will find other colonies, and if theyre able to get in and take some honey, they will go back to their own nests and signal, Hey, go over there. Theres a nest thats not good at guarding, and we can steal their honey.

Robber bees will take that honey and leave the other colony to starve, she said. Its a very strong pressure.

Robbing deprives both the host bees and their associated bacteria with important resources which may have been the original drive to form this special bacteria-animal partnership, the researchers said.

Ben-Shahar and Verniers previous research with honey bees showed that graduating to forager status was a requirement for social membership. Read more.

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Role of gut viruses in inflammatory bowel disease is focus of $8.5 million grant – Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Posted: October 18, 2020 at 1:56 am

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Tools developed to probe the virome could aid in variety of research

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have received an $8.5 million grant to study the role of gut viruses in inflammatory bowel disease. Tools developed in the course of the project could accelerate research into other roles of the virome in health and disease.

The communities of bacteria that live in our digestive tracts help digest food and produce vitamins, protect against pathogens, and promote the healthy functioning of our immune system. But alongside gut bacteria thrives a vast community of viruses, and we know little about their impact on health and disease.

Efforts to study the gut viral community known as the virome have been hindered by a lack of tools to analyze viral diversity. Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have received an $8.5 million grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop the tools needed to study the role of the virome in inflammatory bowel disease. Once developed, such tools could be applied widely, opening up new avenues of research into the role of the virome in normal physiology and development, as well as diseases such as diabetes, AIDS and cancer.

The virome has been linked to a number of conditions inflammatory bowel disease, malnutrition, graft-versus-host disease and there is also some evidence that the virome supports human health in some ways, said principal investigator David Wang, PhD, a professor of molecular microbiology, and of pathology and immunology. But the problem that plagues virome studies is that people find an association, and then they cant pursue it. Once you find an association, the next step is to see what happens when you introduce the virus to an animal. Does it cause the disease? Make it worse? But there are no tools to carry this out.

Tools to analyze the viral community are relatively scarce partly because viruses are more diverse than bacteria. All bacteria carry certain basic housekeeping genes necessary for life, notably the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Scientists use this universal gene to screen mixed communities of unidentified bacteria by pulling out all the 16S ribosomal RNA genes and using the sequences to classify the bacteria into families. There is no equivalent universal gene among viruses.

Wang and colleagues previously have discovered differences between the viromes of people with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy people. Inflammatory bowel disease is caused by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract and characterized by persistent diarrhea and abdominal pain. The researchers found that people with the condition carry more Caudovirales, a group of viruses that infects bacteria, and anelloviruses, a family of viruses that infects human cells, in their intestines. But they do not yet know what, if anything, the presence of these viruses means.

The new grant will allow the researchers to follow a group of people with inflammatory bowel disease over time, along with healthy members of their households for comparison. Inflammatory bowel disease tends to be cyclical, flaring up and then resolving again and again. By taking repeated stool samples and analyzing the genetic material of the viruses in such samples, the researchers will be able to see how the makeup of the gut viral community changes over the course of the disease, and gauge whether any particular groups of viruses become more abundant during flare-ups or resolutions. They also will assess what effect treatment has on the virome.

Such analysis will require the development of computational tools to identify the viruses by their genetic sequences, classify them into family groups, identify potential genes within viral sequences, and propose functions of the genes.

With the tools we have now, more than half the sequences cant be classified because they are not similar enough to known sequences, Wang said. We frequently cant even tell whether weve found a virus that infects bacteria or human cells.

Wang and colleagues also will develop ways to cultivate viruses so they can study them. As nonliving things, viruses require a living cell to multiply, which makes cultivation in the lab tricky. To grow viruses that infect human cells, researchers must first culture human cells and then infect them with viruses. But the majority of the viruses in the intestinal tract are likely to infect bacteria, not human cells. Such viruses known as bacteriophages, Latin for bacteria eaters are even more complicated: Researchers must first identify the correct bacterial species from among the thousands in our intestines, culture that species, and then attempt to grow the virus within the bacterial culture.

In previous work, we established the first culture system for a gut virus, Wang said. Were relying on our experience there to try to culture more of these novel viruses. Some of these might actually grow in a quite straightforward way, its just that no one has tried yet. And once we have the viruses, then we can use them to start doing experiments in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease.

The impact of the gut bacterial community on human health is a hot topic of study, with a possible role in health conditions ranging from autoimmunity to heart disease to psychiatric illnesses. The virome may prove to be equally consequential if only we can find a way to investigate it.

This isnt a typical grant, because part of its goal is to build resources that will then be available to the scientific community, Wang said. Creating tools is unsexy and usually unfundable. But we have to build these tools before we can answer the exciting questions.

Along with Wang, the research team includes Michael S. Diamond, MD, PhD, the Herbert S. Gasser Professor of Medicine, and Scott Handley, PhD, an associate professor of pathology and immunology, both at Washington University; Thaddeus Stappenbeck, MD, PhD, of the Cleveland Clinic; and collaborators at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom, San Diego State University in California, and Flinders University in Australia.

Washington University School of Medicines 1,500 faculty physicians also are the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals. The School of Medicine is a leader in medical research, teaching and patient care, ranking among the top 10 medical schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare.

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Role of gut viruses in inflammatory bowel disease is focus of $8.5 million grant - Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

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Covid-19 news: New restrictions introduced in the UK and across Europe – Trading U

Posted: October 18, 2020 at 1:55 am

By Michael Le Page, Clare Wilson, Jessica Hamzelou, Adam Vaughan, Conrad Quilty-Harperand Layal Liverpool

A worker covers a pool table at Cafe Louvre ahead of the introduction of new coronavirus restrictions in Prague, Czech Republic

Milan Jaros/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Tighter restrictions introduced in the UK and across Europe to tackle rising infections

A new three-tier system of restrictions came into force in England today, and Northern Ireland announced that schools there will be closed for two weeks from 19 October, as the UK attempts to curb the spread of the coronavirus. Other European countries are also introducing tighter restrictions in response to sharp rises in cases. The Netherlands yesterday announced a partial nationwide lockdown, which will come into force at 10 pm today. The country recorded almost 7400 cases in 24 hours yesterday in a record daily rise, and currently has a case rate of 412.2 per 100,000 people, according to the latest figures from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The equivalent figure for the UK is currently 283.2 cases per 100,000 people. Under the new rules in the Netherlands, bars, restaurants and cafes will be required to close for four weeks and the sale of alcohol will be banned after 8pm each evening. The Czech Republic, which currently has the highest infection rate in Europe at 581.3 cases per 100,000 people, started a three-week partial lockdown yesterday. Schools, university accommodation, bars and clubs were all told to close. New restrictions are also expected to be announced in Spain and France, where infection rates are currently 293.8 and 307.1 cases per 100,000 people, respectively.

In England, Labour leader Keir Starmer has called for tougher measures, specifically the implementation of a two-week circuit breaker lockdown to try and bring cases under control. At a press conference yesterday, Starmer suggested that schools could stay open but that all pubs and restaurants should close for two weeks, with only essential work and travel allowed. Starmers proposal echoes recommendations made by government scientific advisers more than three weeks ago, which included the implementation of a two-week lockdown, banning of contact between people from different households, closing pubs, restaurants and other venues, and moving all university and college teaching online.

Other coronavirus news

Advice for people in England who are extremely vulnerable to the coronavirus those who have conditions affecting their immune systems, some people with cancer and organ transplant recipients will now be tailored according to the alert level in the area where they live. These 2.2 million people will be advised to take precautions and practice social distancing as cases rise, but most will not be advised to stay at home as they were during the first wave of the virus in spring, the government announced yesterday. The exception to this will include some people in tier three areas, where infection rates are highest. Patient groups, including Blood Cancer UK and Kidney Care UK, criticised the new advice for being insufficient to support those most at risk.

The World Bank has approved $12 billion (9 billion) of funding for buying and distributing coronavirus tests, treatments and any future vaccines in developing countries.

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A man uses a misting and fogging machine to clean and disinfect the Grand Central venue in Liverpool, UK

Danny Lawson/PA Images

UK scientific advisors recommended a short lockdown in England three weeks ago

The UKs Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) warned ministers three weeks ago that a failure to implement tighter coronavirus restrictions in England would have catastrophic consequences. Documents from SAGE dated 21 September, which were released yesterday, included a recommendation that the government impose a two-week circuit-breaker lockdown to curb the spread of infections. The advisory group cautioned that not acting now to reduce cases will result in a very large epidemic with catastrophic consequences in terms of direct COVID related deaths and the ability of the health service to meet needs. Other recommendations from the group, which were not implemented by the government at the time, included banning all contact between people from different households, closing all bars, restaurants, cafes, indoor gyms and personal services such as hairdressers, and moving all university and college teaching online unless absolutely essential.

At a press conference yesterday, Englands chief medical officer Chris Whitty said he was not confident that new measures, namely a three-tier alert level system announced by UK prime minister Boris Johnson, would be enough to get on top of the coronavirus. Whitty said local authorities in areas put on very high alert would likely have to introduce further restrictions.

Other coronavirus news

A man in the US has become the fifth person recorded to have caught the coronavirus twice, following similar cases in Hong Kong, Belgium, the Netherlands and Ecuador. The 25-year old first tested positive for the virus on 18 April after experiencing several weeks of symptoms but then recovered and tested negative for the virus on both 9 and 26 May, according to a study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. However, a few days after testing negative for the second time, he developed more severe symptoms, eventually requiring hospitalisation, and he tested positive for the virus again on 5 June. The man has since recovered. Although cases of coronavirus reinfection with severe illness do not appear to be common, these findings reinforce the point that we still do not know enough about the immune response to this infection, said Paul Hunter at the University of East Anglia, UK, in a statement. Understanding immune responses to the virus and how long any immunity might last is important for vaccine development.

Pharmaceutical company Johnson & Johnson has voluntarily paused clinical trials of its coronavirus vaccine candidate because of an unexplained illness in a study participant. This is standard procedure in vaccine development, and allows time for researchers to determine the cause of the illness and ensure the safety of participants in the trial. In September, trials of a coronavirus vaccine candidate being developed by AstraZeneca in partnership with the University of Oxford were also paused, after a participant fell ill in the UK. Trials of the Oxford-AstraZeneca candidate have since resumed in the UK, Brazil, South Africa and India, but the US trial is still on hold, pending a regulatory review. Both the Johnson & Johnson and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine candidates are based on adenoviral vectors modified viruses that can instruct cells to produce coronavirus proteins.

Senior US government health advisor Anthony Fauci has criticised US president Donald Trumps decision to resume campaign rallies without adequate social distancing. The president returned to the campaign trail yesterday to attend a rally in Florida less than two weeks after he tested positive for the coronavirus. That is asking for trouble, Fauci told CNN in an interview. He cited rising virus positivity rates in a number of US states, adding: now is even more so a worse time to do that, because when you look at whats going on in the United States, its really very troublesome.

Coronavirus deaths

The worldwide death toll has passed 1.08 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 37.8 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Can vitamin D help beat coronavirus?: In this weeks Science with Sam, we take a look at the evidence for the health benefits of sunlight, its importance for your mood and some simple tips to maximise your exposure.

A television shows Britains Prime Minister Boris Johnson speaking in the House of Commons in London, as customers sit at tables inside the Richmond Pub in Liverpool, UK

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Restrictions tighten in parts of England as new three-tier system introduced

UK prime minister Boris Johnson today announced a new three-tier system for setting coronavirus rules in England, due to come into force on Wednesday subject to a debate and vote in parliament tomorrow. Under the new system, different sets of restrictions of increasing severity will apply to different regions. They will be classified as being on medium, high or very high alert based on their case rates per 100,000 people as well as the rate at which infections are rising. The Liverpool city region, which recorded 600 cases per 100,000 people in the week ending 6 October will face the tightest restrictions, classified as tier three. This will mean that those living in Liverpool and surrounding areas will not be allowed to meet people from different households indoors, while gyms and pubs will be required to shut until the measures are reviewed in a month, Johnson told parliament.

Most areas that already have some form of additional restrictions will be classed as high alert level and put under tier two restrictions, meaning that people will not be allowed to mix with those from other households indoors. Nottinghamshire and east and west Cheshire will also be put under tier two rules, said Johnson. The medium alert level will cover most of England and will feature tier one restrictions, including the rule of six and the 10 pm closing time for pubs. Johnson said the goal of the three-tier system was to simplify and standardise local rules.

This is not how we want to live our lives, he said. But is the narrow path we have to tread between social and economic costs of a full lockdown and the massive human and indeed economic cost of an uncontained epidemic, he added. We cannot let the NHS fall over when lives are at stake.

The introduction of a three-tier system does provide greater clarity on what will happen in parts of England to try and address the current rise in covid-19 cases, said Linda Bauld at the University of Edinburgh in a statement. Bauld said the new guidelines are in line with recent evidence linking infections to contact between different households and visits to hospitality venues.

Johnson also outlined financial support measures for people affected by the new measures, including the covering of wages for employees of businesses forced to close due to coronavirus restrictions as well as funding for improved contact tracing for areas on very high alert.

Other coronavirus news

The coronavirus may remain infectious for up to 28 days on surfaces such as mobile phone screens, according to a study by researchers at the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness published in Virology Journal. The researchers studied coronavirus particles on several common surface types across a range of temperatures, in complete darkness. They found that the virus had a half-life of between 1.7 and 2.7 days at 20C and that viable virus particles could be isolated for up to 28 days on smooth surfaces such as mobile phone screen glass as well as banknotes made of paper and plastic. However, this is probably an overestimate because outside of these laboratory conditions, factors such as exposure to ultraviolet light could increase the chance of virus particles being destroyed.

More people in England are in hospital with covid-19 than before the UK first went into lockdown in March, NHS medical director Stephen Powis told a Downing Street press conference today. If we do not take measures to control the spread of the virus, the death toll will be too great to bear, said Powis. All hospital staff in high risk areas will now be tested for the virus regularly irrespective of symptoms, he added, and Nightingale Hospitals in Manchester, Sunderland and Harrogate have already been asked to prepare for increased numbers of patients in the coming months.

Coronavirus deaths

The worldwide death toll has passed 1.07 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 37.60 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

A woman wearing a face covering walks past a public information poster in Hackney, north London

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Community infections continue to rise in England, swab testing survey finds

Coronavirus infections in communities in England are continuing to rise, according to the latest results from Imperial College Londons REACT-1 study. Using random swab testing, researchers monitored coronavirus levels and found that about one in 170 people had the virus between 18 September and 5 October, an increase from one in 769 between 22 August and 7 September. The most recent results are based on an analysis of swabs from 175,000 people.

The UKs R number the number of people each coronavirus case infects has gone down slightly for the first time in the last five weeks, from between 1.3 and 1.6 the previous week to between 1.2 and 1.5 in the most recent week, according to official figures. This is most likely to represent the situation two or three weeks ago due to a time lag in the data used to model the R. An R number above 1.0 indicates infections are rising.

While the R value remains above 1.0, infections will continue to grow at an exponential rate, Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies said in documents published on Friday. This is currently the case for every region in England and all have positive growth rates, reflecting increases in the number of new infections across the country.

Other coronavirus news

There was a record 24-hour increase in global new coronavirus cases on Thursday, with 338,779 cases confirmed around the world according to the World Health Organization. The spike was largely driven by a surge of infections in European countries, including the UK, which on Thursday reported a record daily increase of more than 17,000 new cases. On Friday, the UK reported 13,864 daily new cases. Some hospitals in the north of England will run out of beds within a week, health officials said on Thursday. Cases are also continuing to rise in Spain, France, Italy and Germany. Spains government on Friday declared a state of emergency for 15 days to deal with surging coronavirus cases in Madrid. Almost 25 per cent of intensive care unit beds in France are occupied by covid-19 patients, with the figure rising to 40 per cent in Paris and surrounding areas. France recorded more than 18,000 new cases on Thursday. Daily new cases in Italy jumped from more than 4000 on Thursday to more than 5000 on Friday, with hotspots in the south of the country. On Friday, Germany reported more than 4000 daily new cases for the second consecutive day, with Berlin emerging as one of the hotspots in the countrys second wave.

US president Donald Trump is planning a political rally in Florida this Saturday and may hold a separate rally in Pennsylvania on Sunday night. The White House has not released any information about whether or not he still has coronavirus, or whether he has been tested at all since he tested positive for the virus on 2 October. In June, a rally held by the president in Tulsa, Oklahoma was linked to a spike in coronavirus cases by a local health official.

The Washington, DC Department of Health appealed to all White House staff and anyone who attended an event in the Rose Garden on 26 September to get tested for the coronavirus and seek medical advice, in an open letter released yesterday. The letter says the appeal was prompted by the limited contact tracing performed to date in the White House, adding there may be other staff and residents at risk for exposure to COVID positive individuals.

Coronavirus deaths

The worldwide death toll has passed 1.06 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 36.62 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

CRISPR and covid-19: CRISPR gene editing is already treating disease. But theres far more it might do, from fighting cancer and covid-19 to putting the brakes on climate change, says Feng Zhang, a pioneer of the technique.

Health workers speak with a woman before conducting a test for the coronavirus in Stoke-on-Trent, UK

REUTERS/Carl Recine

Daily coronavirus cases rise to 17,540, up 3300 from the previous day

The UK has recorded 17,540 coronavirus cases in the last 24 hours, an increase of 3300 from yesterday. Deaths also rose slightly, with 77 deaths recorded within 28 days of a positive test, up from the 70 reported on Wednesday. The number of coronavirus patients in hospitals in England has also risen slightly to 3044, up from 2944 yesterday.

Other coronavirus news

Englands contact tracing system only reached 68.6 per cent of those who tested positive for coronavirus, the lowest proportion yet since the system launched in May. The figure is down from 72.5 per cent the previous week. It is also below the target of 80 per cent or more recommended by government scientific advisors to limit infections from spreading. In total, 51,475 people tested positive for the coronavirus in England in the week ending 30 September, a 56 per cent increase compared to the previous week.

In England and Wales, covid-19 was the underlying cause of death in more than three times as many people as influenza and pneumonia combined during 2020, according to analysis by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The substantially greater number of deaths attributed to covid-19 does tell us that at the moment, covid-19 is a greater risk to people than influenza, Rowland Kao at the University of Edinburgh said in a statement. Kao said this is unsurprising as we have a vaccine against flu but not against covid-19, and because the coronavirus is new to us, whereas some people may have acquired immunity to seasonal flu. The ONS analysis included data between January and August this year.

Coronavirus restrictions in parts of England could be tightened further early next week, with possible closures of pubs and restaurants in the worst-affected areas, according to the BBC. These areas may also see bans on overnight stays away from home. An official government announcement is expected on Monday.

US president Donald Trump today said he would not participate in a virtual presidential debate with Democratic candidate Joe Biden. The debate format was changed because of safety concerns after Trump tested positive for the coronavirus. Im not going to do a virtual debate, Trump said during an interview with the Fox Business Network. Thats not what debating is all about.

Coronavirus deaths

The worldwide death toll has passed 1.05 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 36.2 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Socially distant future: Coronavirus has put a rocket under plans for more automation, roboticisation and use of AI. Should we fear for our jobs or will we just get better ones?

A restaurant employee removes chairs on a terrace in Brussels

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New rules introduced in Belgium, France and Germany amid rising cases

Belgium, France and Germany are among European countries that have introduced new restrictions to try and stem surging coronavirus cases. In Belgium, all bars, cafes and event halls will be required to close completely for at least a month, starting at 7 am on Thursday. One in seven people in Brussels are testing positive for the virus, according to officials. In Paris and its surrounding inner suburbs, more than 40 per cent of hospital beds are currently occupied by covid-19 patients, according to the regional health agency. It warned that the proportion could rise to 50 per cent within two weeks without intervention. Bars, gyms and swimming pools in Paris were closed completely on Tuesday for at least two weeks. On Saturday, new rules and curfews will come into force in Germanys capital Berlin, where authorities have recorded 44.2 new cases per 100,000 people over the past seven days. Bars, restaurants and off-licenses in the city will be required to shut between 11 pm and 6 am. Restrictions have been introduced limiting the number of people allowed at private and public gatherings.

In Scotland, which recorded 1054 new coronavirus cases today, first minister Nicola Sturgeon has announced new restrictions on serving alcohol, which come into force at 6 pm on Friday. Bars, pubs and restaurants will not be allowed to serve alcohol indoors for 16 days. Sturgeon described the new measures as a short, sharp action to arrest a worrying increase in infection.

Other coronavirus news

Diagnostic tests in the UK could be delayed due to a supply chain failure affecting Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche, which supplies diagnostic testing equipment and materials to the NHS. Roche said that issues, which are related to a move to a new warehouse, had resulted in a significant drop in its processing capacity, adding that it is prioritising the dispatch of covid-19 diagnostic and antibody tests. However, there are concerns that this strategy could delay other tests, such as those for kidney, liver and thyroid function, as well as for sepsis and other infections. Tom Lewis, a doctor at North Devon District Hospital, told the BBC his hospitals trust had already asked staff to stop all non-urgent blood tests in the community. The problem could take up to two weeks to resolve, a Roche spokesperson told the BBC.

US Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden has said the next presidential debate on 15 October should not take place if US president Donald Trump still has covid-19. Biden told journalists that the debate, scheduled to take place in Miami, should only be staged in accordance with strict health guidelines, adding if (Trump) still has covid, we shouldnt have a debate.

Coronavirus deaths

The worldwide death toll has passed 1.05 million. The number of confirmed cases is more than 35.9 million, according to Johns Hopkins University, though the true number of cases will be much higher.

Covid-19 symptoms: As the list of covid-19 symptoms recognised by health authorities evolves, we are starting to learn that people seem to fall into one of several symptom clusters, and that we might be missing the most important signs of the disease in children.

Doctors diary: Inadequate coronavirus testing and uncertainty over the success and supply of flu vaccines will leave doctors in England poorly prepared to cope this winter.

Shoppers pass beneath an electronic sign reminding pedestrians to act now to avoid a local lockdown in Manchester, UK

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UK sees 14,452 cases in a single day, as covid-19 deaths rise for third week in a row

Today, the UK recorded 14,542 daily new coronavirus cases, almost 2000 more than on Monday. This is a record number of new daily cases, with the exception of last Sunday when the number was artificially raised to 22,961 to compensate for thousands of cases that were missed between 25 September and 2 October due to a technical mistake. The number of deaths mentioning covid-19 on the death certificate has risen in the UK for the third consecutive week, according to the Office for National Statistics. There were 234 deaths involving the coronavirus registered in the week ending 25 September, up from 158 from the week before.

Other coronavirus news

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Covid-19 news: New restrictions introduced in the UK and across Europe - Trading U

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STEM CELLS – Regenerative Medicine Institute of Ohio

Posted: October 18, 2020 at 1:54 am

Adult stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and tissue in our bodies. They are what can replenish damaged areas in virtually any part of our body. They are considered unspecialized cells but are able to transform into any type of cell that we are needing, such as a nerve or heart cell. And they are helping increase patients overall health daily.

Over 1 million patients have been experienced improved health worldwide after being treated with adult stem cells. The National Institutes of Health/FDA-approved database lists that there are nearly 3,500 ongoing or completed clinical trials.

Conditions Treated

Stem cell treatments and their clinical trials have been documented by scientific publications showing therapeutic success in a wide range of conditions that include:

Adult stem cell treatments for multiple myeloma and leukemia have even moved out of their clinical trial stages and are becoming standard medical practices for patients suffering from these conditions. For individuals with multiple myeloma or leukemia, a bone marrow transplant is the most common form of stem cell therapy that they are treated with.

How it Works

If you decide to visit Stem Cell International for stem cell therapy, the process will be comfortable and professional; our physicians have years of expertise working with stem cells treatments.

When you first come in, one of our physicians will meet with you and identify where the source of your bodys damage is present. Once this is discovered, they can begin to offer solutions on the best stem cell therapies that are most relevant to your needs.

We understand this process can be frightening to some because its so new. For this reason, we want to meet potential patients face-to-face so we can have an open and honest conversation about the best route moving forward.

If youre interested in stem cell therapy but arent sure which one is right for you, schedule an appointment with us today!

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STEM CELLS - Regenerative Medicine Institute of Ohio

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First Patient Dosed in Phase II Trial to Treat Complications in COVID-19

Posted: October 17, 2020 at 4:17 pm

TORONTO, Oct. 16, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Arch Biopartners Inc. (“Arch” or the “Company”) (TSX Venture: ARCH and OTCQB: ACHFF), announced today it has dosed the first patient in the Phase II trial of its lead drug LSALT peptide, targeting prevention of acute lung injury, acute kidney injury and other complications caused by inflammation in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe cases of COVID-19.

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First Patient Dosed in Phase II Trial to Treat Complications in COVID-19

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Cantor Fitzgerald and Kristen Kluska to Host Zoom Fireside Chat with Ocugen

Posted: October 17, 2020 at 4:17 pm

MALVERN, Pa., Oct. 16, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Ocugen, Inc. (NASDAQ: OCGN), a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing transformative therapies to cure blindness diseases, today announced that Cantor Fitzgerald and Kristen Kluska will host a Management Fireside Chat Zoom Call on October 21 at 11 a.m. ET.

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Theratechnologies Appoints Two New Board Members

Posted: October 17, 2020 at 4:17 pm

MONTREAL, Oct. 16, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Theratechnologies Inc. (Theratechnologies) (TSX: TH) (NASDAQ: THTX), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies, today announced the appointment of Mr. Andrew Molson and Mr. Alain Trudeau as new independent members to its Board of Directors.

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Theratechnologies Appoints Two New Board Members

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Nephros Announces Pricing of $5 Million Registered Direct Offering of Common Stock

Posted: October 17, 2020 at 4:17 pm

SOUTH ORANGE, NJ, Oct. 16, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- via NewMediaWire -- Nephros, Inc. (Nasdaq: NEPH) (“Nephros” or the “Company”), a commercial-stage company that develops and sells high performance water purification products and pathogen detection systems to the medical device and commercial markets, today announced the pricing of a registered direct offering of 833,333 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $6.00 per share.  The offering is expected to close on or about October 20, 2020, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

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Nephros Announces Pricing of $5 Million Registered Direct Offering of Common Stock

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Novartis receives positive CHMP opinion for Leqvio®* (inclisiran), a potential first-in-class siRNA for the treatment of high cholesterol

Posted: October 17, 2020 at 4:17 pm

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Novartis receives positive CHMP opinion for Leqvio®* (inclisiran), a potential first-in-class siRNA for the treatment of high cholesterol

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