Racial Disparities in Survival Outcomes Shown in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients – Newswise

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Newswise New Brunswick, N.J., September 17, 2019 In what is believed to be the largest dataset study to date examining the role of race on survival outcome for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, investigators at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey have found that black patients have significantly worse overall survival at five years than white patients when accounting for all available clinical variables. The work is being presented as part of a mini oral presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) in Chicago this week.

The National Cancer Database, which captures oncology data from more than 1,500 facilities accredited by the Commission on Cancer, was utilized in the study. Identified and evaluated was a final sample of 9,285 eligible patients aged 21 and younger with a diagnosis of stage 1 to stage 4 Hodgkin lymphoma from 2004 to 2015.

Eighty-three percent of patients were white, 12 percent black and five percent other. Black patients were found to be younger (under age 15), at a lower stage of disease when diagnosed, less likely to have a sub-type of disease known as nodular-sclerosis, and more commonly to exhibit what are known as B symptoms (fever with no infection, night sweats, unexplained weight loss). This population also was found to be of lower income and lower education status, and more likely to be under/uninsured. Similar among the races were treatment interventions, including use of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or combined modality therapy (chemotherapy followed by radiation). Clinical features and survival outcomes were evaluated using various statistical tests and models.

Black patients experienced a five-year overall survival of 91.5 percent compared to 95.9 percent experienced by their white counterparts. This difference was seen across all stages of disease. There were also differences in stratification of risk factors by race. Specifically, under age 15, stage 4 disease, presence of B symptoms, treatment with radiation, and income were prognostic factors for overall survival in white patients but not for black patients. Among the age groups 15 and younger, 16 to 18 years, and older than 18, poorer overall survival was associated for black patients compared to whites (95.4 percent versus 97.7 percent, 87.1 percent versus 96.1 percent, and 91.6 percent versus 94.6 percent respectively).

The race-based disparity demonstrated through this work transcends that of differences in socioeconomic status, notes the works senior investigator, Rutgers Cancer Institute radiation oncologist Rahul Parikh, MD, who is the director of the Laurie Proton Therapy Center at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, an RWJBarnabas Health facility. Future research should focus on understanding the biological causes of this disparity and identifying ways to alleviate it, adds Dr. Parikh, who is also an associate professor of radiation oncology at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

Along with Parikh, other investigators on the work are Karishma Khullar, MD, Rutgers Cancer Institute and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Zorimar Rivera-Nunez, PhD, Rutgers Cancer Institute and Rutgers School of Public Health; Sachin R. Jhawar, MD, Rutgers Cancer Institute and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Richard Drachtman, MD and Peter D. Cole, MD, both Rutgers Cancer Institute and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; and Bradford S. Hoppe, MD, MPH, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Related work published earlier this year by Parikh and colleagues believed to be the largest study to date involving this same population showed improved overall survival in those who received combined modality treatment versus chemotherapy alone in early stage patients (JAMA Oncology, doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5911).

Other data set exploration by Rutgers Cancer Institute investigators includes that of radiation oncologist Nisha Ohri, MD and colleagues. She is the senior author on work presented during a poster presentation this past Sunday at ASTRO that evaluated the change in volume of a lumpectomy cavity during hypofractionated breast radiation therapy and assessed the benefits of adaptive planning for lumpectomy boost delivery.

A retrospective review of Rutgers Cancer Institute data identified 37 eligible patients who were treated with hypofractionated radiation therapy followed by a lumpectomy boost from October 2017 to December 2018. Two separate CT scans were obtained. The first was utilized to plan whole breast irradiation and the second to plan the lumpectomy cavity boost. Patient and tumor variables were examined for correlation with change in lumpectomy cavity volume between CT scans.

The mean reduction in lumpectomy cavity volume with adaptive boost planning was 18.8 percent. Adaptive planning allowed for significant reductions in mean heart and lung doses. In comparing the 18 patients (47.4 percent) who had a significant reduction in lumpectomy cavity volume (defined as 20 percent or greater) to those who did not, no significant differences were found in age, body mass index, breast volume, tumor size, history of re-excision, or presence of an implantable marker. Length of time from surgery to initial CT scan was significantly associated with a reduction in lumpectomy cavity volume, and patients who had a large initial lumpectomy cavity volume often demonstrated significant volume reduction with adaptive boost planning. With these findings, investigators note that adaptive lumpectomy cavity boost planning can be considered for select patients to reduce normal tissue exposure, although longer follow-up is needed to assess the clinical benefits.

Along with Dr. Ohri, other investigators on the work include Mutlay Sayan, MD; Zeinab Abou Yehia, MD; Irina Vergalasova, PhD; Marc Reviello, CMD; Shicha Kumar, MD, and Bruce Haffty, MD, all Rutgers Cancer Institute and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

Rutgers Cancer Institute faculty members are also collaborators on a number of other on-site presentations and abstracts/posters published in conjunction with the ASTRO annual meeting that are not listed here.

About Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey

As New Jerseys only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rutgers Cancer Institute, along with its partner RWJBarnabas Health, offers the most advanced cancer treatment options including bone marrow transplantation, proton therapy, CAR T-cell therapy and complex robotic surgery. Along with clinical trials and novel therapeutics such as precision medicine and immunotherapy many of which are not widely available patients have access to these cutting-edge therapies at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey in New Brunswick, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital in Newark, as well as through RWJBarnabas Health facilities.

Along with world-class treatment, which is often fueled by on-site research conducted in Rutgers Cancer Institute laboratories, patients and their families also can seek cancer preventative services and education resources throughout the Rutgers Cancer Institute and RWJBarnabas Health footprint statewide. To make a tax-deductible gift to support the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, call 848-932-8013 or visit http://www.cinj.org/giving.

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Racial Disparities in Survival Outcomes Shown in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients - Newswise